China, the world’s most populous nation, spans East Asia with a history stretching back millennia, from the Great Wall to the Terracotta Army. Beijing, the capital, blends ancient palaces with skyscrapers, while Shanghai epitomizes modern economic might. China’s economy is a global powerhouse, driven by manufacturing, tech, and trade, though it navigates tensions over human rights and regional influence. Its diverse landscapes—from Himalayan peaks to the Yangtze River—and cultural depth make it a civilization of immense scale and complexity.