Xinjiang, in northwest China, is a vast autonomous region bordering Central Asia, known for its Uyghur Muslim population and Silk Road history. Cities like Ürümqi and Kashgar reflect a blend of Han Chinese and Turkic cultures, while its deserts, mountains, and oil reserves shape its economy. Controversially, it’s been a focal point of international concern due to China’s policies toward Uyghurs, including mass detentions, amid its strategic role in the Belt and Road Initiative.