Bavaria

An apple dumpling is a baked or boiled pastry-wrapped apple. To prepare apple dumplings, apples are peeled, cored and sometimes quartered and placed on a portion of dough. The hole from the core may be filled with cinnamon, butter and sugar and sometimes dried fruit such as raisins, sultanas, or currants. The dough is folded over the apples and sealed. Sometimes a spiced sauce is poured over the dumplings which are then baked until tender; the sugar and butter create a sweet sauce. Apple dumplings can be served hot, cold, or room temperature for breakfast, dessert, or as a main dish. Boiled apple dumplings are among the earliest of fruit puddings.: 65  They were eaten "at all social levels". In 1726 Nicholas Amhurst complained about apple dumplings at Oxford, saying "nothing can be expected from only rot-gut small beer, and heavy apple-dumplings, but stupidity, sleepiness, and indolence.": 75  Two recipes for apple dumplings were published in Hannah Glasse's 1747 cookbook. In 1749–1750, when botanist Pehr Kalm traveled from New Jersey to Quebec, he reported having apple dumplings at every meal.: 75  In 1754 English agriculturalist William Ellis called them one of the most common foods among farmers, along with bacon and pickled pork. A print called Lesson in apple dumplings or Learning to make apple dumplings, variously attributed to British caricaturists James Gillray in 1792 or Richard Newton in 1797, shows a woman making apple dumplings, watched by a man, possibly King George III. The 1801 domestic encyclopedia Oeconomische Encyclopädie oder Allgemeines System der Land-, Haus- und Staats-Wirthschaft includes instructions for making Apfelklöße, "small apple dumplings." In 1810 English caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson created a colored etching called Puff Paste which shows a footman and cook cuddling while the cook makes apple dumplings. In 1838 American physician William Alcott in his book of advice for young wives The Young House-keeper: Or, Thoughts on Food and Cookery said that "apple dumplings are not very objectionable, except for the crust" as long as no spices were added, but goes on to say, "But why should we have the apple dumpling at all? Few would prepare it, or eat it after it was prepared, were it not for the crust, and above all, for the butter, the sauce, or the sugar added to it; but all of these are objectionable." American cookbook author Eliza Leslie included a recipe for baked apple dumplings in the 1851 edition of her cookbook, in a section called "New Receipts.": 76  In 1870 an apple dumpling dinner was given by the Bethel A.M.E. church in San Francisco. In 1879 Mark Twain included baked apple dumplings on a list of American foods "unmatched by European hotel cuisine".: 76  In 1946 George Orwell was commissioned to write an essay on British Cuisine for an overseas audience, later rejected by the British Council "amid anxiety about postwar austerity", and called out boiled apple dumplings as an example of the "greatest glories of British cookery."

Battered and deep-fried apple slices

Apple strudel is a traditional Viennese strudel, a popular pastry in Austria, Switzerland, Bavaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Northern Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and other countries in Europe that once belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918). Strudel, a German word, derives from the Middle High German word for "swirl", "whirlpool" or "eddy". The apple strudel variant is called strudel di mele in Italian, strudel jabłkowy in Polish, jablečný štrúdl in Czech, strudel de mere in Romanian, jabolčni zavitek in Slovenian, štrudla od jabuka or savijača s jabukama in Croatian,almásrétes in Hungarian, strudel da mëiles in Ladin and Apfelstrudel in German.

Flat doughnut with a thin center from stretching over the knee, topped with powdered sugar

Bavarian cream, crème bavaroise or simply bavarois is a French dessert consisting of an egg-based cooked custard and gelatin or isinglass, into which whipped cream is folded. The mixture sets up in a cold mold and is unmolded for serving. Earlier versions, sometimes called fromage bavarois, did not include eggs or any actual cheese. One recipe using isinglass also calls for crumbled amaretto cookies, chocolate and other flavorings. One contemporary French recipe for "bavarois" is a savory preparation with a neufchâtel-type cheese and leeks, and is not a sweet dessert. Bavarian cream is a classic dessert that was included in the repertoire of chef Marie-Antoine Carême, who is sometimes credited with it. It was named in the early 19th century for Bavaria or, perhaps in the history of haute cuisine, for a particularly distinguished visiting Bavarian, such as a Wittelsbach, given that its origin is believed to have been during the 17th and 18th century when French chefs cooked for the Wittelsbach princes, a German family that ruled Bavaria from the 12th century until 1918. In the United States, Bavarian creams first appeared in Boston Cooking School books by D. A. Lincoln in 1884, and by Fannie Farmer in 1896. From 1884 to 2022, there were over 95,000 references to Bavarian cream in US and Canadian newspapers, featuring recipes, commentaries and reviews. Of those references, over 14,000 were in the 1930s, which seems to have been the peak decade of popularity. Most references were in the states of New York, Pennsylvania and California (7000-8000 each), while the fewest were in Alaska and Guam (fewer than 50 each).

Soft ginger cookies

Esterházy torta is a Hungarian cake named after Prince Paul III Anton Esterházy de Galántha (1786–1866), a member of the Esterházy dynasty and diplomat of the Austrian Empire. It was invented by Budapest confectioners in the late 19th century and soon became one of the most famous cakes in the lands of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.[citation needed] Esterházy torta consists of buttercream spiced with cognac or vanilla, sandwiched between four and five layers of almond meringue (macaron) dough. The torte is iced with a fondant glaze and decorated with a characteristic chocolate striped pattern. There are, however, many different recipe variations. In Hungary, the original almonds have been entirely replaced by walnuts. A popular variant, although not in Hungary, are Esterházy Schnitten: while a Torta is always of round shape, Schnitten are made in square shape. Other versions based on sponge cake or decorated with crystallized fruit also exist. Esterházy Schnitten is typically a very sweet cake.

Carnival doughnuts

Galaktoboureko is a dessert popular in the Balkans, Turkey, and Levant of custard baked in filo. Lazi Laz böreği is made with a type of pudding called muhallebi instead of semolina custard. It is popular in the Rize and Artvin provinces in Turkey's Black Sea Region, the indigenous home of Laz people. In Albania it is a dessert traditionally prepared during the Orthodox Easter. It may be made in a pan, with filo layered on top and underneath and cut into square portions, or rolled into individual servings (often approximately 10 cm (4 in) long). It is served or coated with a clear, sweet syrup. The custard may be flavored with lemon, orange, or rose. Unlike mille-feuille, which it otherwise resembles, the custard is baked with the pastry, not added afterwards. Lazi paponi/Laz böreği is made with a variation of the pudding called muhallebi with the inclusion of cornmeal and ground black pepper, instead of semolina custard. It is popular in the Rize and Artvin provinces in the Black Sea Region, indigenous Laz land. Its ingredients are thin filo dough, butter, muhallebi, black pepper and simple syrup. Today, it is possible to eat Laz böreği at some restaurants in big cities which serve traditional dishes from the Black Sea region.

Germknödel is a fluffy yeast dough dumpling (knödel), filled with spiced plum jam and served with melted butter and a mix of poppy seeds and sugar on top. It is occasionally – even though less traditional – served with vanilla cream sauce instead. It is a culinary specialty of Austria and Bavaria. The dish is served both as a dessert and as a main course. Germknödel is usually a spherical or bun-shaped dessert. The dessert's main ingredient is a yeast dough enriched with sugar and fat, usually butter. The dumpling is filled with Powidl, a sweet plum jam flavoured with cloves and cinnamon. The dumpling is steamed and then served while still hot with either melted butter or vanilla sauce, and topped with crushed poppy seeds and sugar. Differences between Austrian Germknödel (Germ being the exclusively Austrian word for yeast) and the very similar German and Alsatian dish, Dampfnudel, are that Dampfnudeln are the unfilled variant and can in some regions also be steamed or boiled in salt water and served with savoury side dishes, whereas Bavarian Dampfnudeln and Austrian Germknödel are steamed (and in the end of the cooking process, as the milk has evaporated, become lightly fried) in a small amount of a mixture of milk and butter and always served as a sweet meal.

Bread pudding with fruit such as berries, plums, apricots, rhubarb

Elderberry fritter

Honey cookies

Kaiserschmarrn or Kaiserschmarren ( German: [ˈkaɪzɐˌʃmaʁən] ⓘ; 'Emperor's Mess') is a lightly sweetened pancake that takes its name from the Austrian emperor (Kaiser) Franz Joseph I, who was fond of this fluffy shredded pancake. It is served as a dessert or as a light lunch alongside apple sauce and contains raisins or dried cranberries. Kaiserschmarrn is a popular meal or dessert in Austria, Bavaria, and many parts of the former Austro-Hungarian empire, e.g. Hungary, Slovenia, Czech Republic, northern Croatia and western Romania, which usually use the name as a loan word or translations of it. In Slovenia, it is called cesarski praženec or šmorn. Its Hungarian name is császármorzsa or smarni; its Czech name is (Císařský) trhanec or kajzršmorn. In Slovak it is called Cisársky trhanec; Its Romanian name is șmoră.

Carrot cake is cake that contains carrots mixed into the batter. The origins of carrot cake is disputed. Published in 1591, there is an English recipe for "pudding in a Carret [sic] root" that is essentially a carrot stuffed with meat, but it includes many elements common to the modern dessert: shortening, cream, eggs, raisins, sweetener (dates and sugar), spices (clove and mace), scraped carrot, and breadcrumbs (in place of flour). Many food historians believe carrot cake originated from such carrot puddings eaten by Europeans in the Middle Ages, when sugar and sweeteners were expensive and many people used carrots as a substitute for sugar.

Kirschenmichel is a traditional dessert of German cuisine, especially popular in the regions Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, South Bavaria, Franconia and the southern part of Hesse. It is kind of a pudding and similar to bread pudding and bread and butter pudding. The dessert consists of bread that is a few days old which is kneaded into a dough with butter, milk, egg and sugar. Sour cherries or sweet cherries are folded into the dough and the mixture is baked in a casserole dish. Prior to serving the dessert is topped with vanilla, cinnamon, almonds and clove and is then served hot with vanilla sauce custard. Although traditionally a dessert, it can also be found as main dish after an appetizer soup.

Strudel is a type of layered pastry with a filling that is usually sweet, but savoury fillings are also common. It became popular in the 18th century throughout the Habsburg Empire. Strudel is part of Austrian cuisine and German cuisine but is also common in other Central European cuisines. In Italy it is recognized as a prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale (PAT) of South Tyrol. The oldest strudel recipes (a Millirahmstrudel and a turnip strudel) are from 1696, in a handwritten cookbook at the Wienbibliothek im Rathaus (formerly Wiener Stadtbibliothek). The pastry is probably descended from similar pastries such as börek and baklava.

A Berliner or Krapfen is a German jam doughnut with no central hole, made from sweet yeast dough fried in lard or cooking oil, with a jam filling, and usually covered in powdered sugar. Sugar was very costly until the 16th century, and early doughnuts were usually stuffed with savory fillings like cheese, meat and mushroom. When imports from Caribbean sugar plantations made sugar more affordable, fruit preserves gained in popularity. In 1485, the first German-language cookbook to be published in printed form Kuechenmeisterei was published in Nuremberg and remained in print at least until 1674 with 20 editions . It was one of the first cookbooks printed using the Gutenberg press and contains the first known recipe for a jelly doughnut, called Gefüllte Krapfen made with jam-filled yeasted bread dough deep-fried in lard. It's unknown whether this innovation was the author's own or simply a record of an existing practice. The yeast dough contains a good deal of eggs, milk and butter. For the classical Pfannkuchen made in Berlin the dough is rolled into a ball, deep-fried in lard, whereby the distinctive bright bulge occurs, and then filled with jam. The filling is related to the topping:[citation needed] for plum-butter, powdered sugar; for raspberry, strawberry and cherry jam, sugar; for all other fillings, sugar icing, sometimes flavoured with rum. Today the filling usually is injected with a large syringe or pastry bag after the dough is fried in one piece.

Lebkuchen , Honigkuchen or Pfefferkuchen ( pronounced [ˈp͡fɛfɐˌkuːxn̩] ⓘ) are honey-sweetened German cakes, moulded cookies or bar cookies that have become part of Germany's Christmas traditions. They are similar to gingerbread. The etymology of Leb- in the term Lebkuchen is uncertain. Proposed derivations include: from the Latin libum (flat bread), from the Germanic word Laib (loaf), and from the Germanic word lebbe (very sweet). Another likely possibility is that it comes from the old term Leb-Honig, the rather solid crystallized honey taken from the hive, that cannot be used for much beside baking. Folk etymology often associates the name with Leben (life), Leib (body), or Leibspeise (favorite food). Kuchen means 'cake'.

Shortbread cookies flavored with nuts or jelly

Magenbrot is a small, sweet glazed biscuit that shares many similarities with a gingerbread cookie. The name of the dish directly translates to "stomach-bread" as it is believed to help improve digestion. This recipe first appeared in Swiss cooking books in the late 18 century. It is usually sold in Christmas markets in northern Switzerland and southern Germany. It is known by many names including Honigkuchen [de], Gewürzkuchen, or Kräuterbrot. Magenbrot is known for its diamond shape and dark brown exterior in Germany, and its bread slice shape in Switzerland. This pastry is made with flour, wheat, baking soda, star anise, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg and sweetened using honey and sugar. Candied orange, lemon peel, and hazelnut are also added for flavoring. Some types of Magenbrot are coated with a sweet Cocoa glaze.

A layered almond cake made with rum-soaked ladyfingers and crème

Milk-cream strudel

Small almond spice cookies

Gingerbread cookies made with almonds, hazelnuts or walnuts, from Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany

Plum jam dumplings, potato dumplings filled with powidl, a plum spread

Prinzregententorte is a Bavarian torte consisting of at least six, usually seven, thin layers of sponge cake interlaid with chocolate buttercream. The exterior is covered in a dark chocolate glaze. Prinzregententorte is very popular in Bavaria, Germany, and available in cake shops all year round. The cake is named after Luitpold, prince regent of Bavaria from 1886. The cake's exact origin remains in dispute; among those claimed as its creators are the prince regent's cook, Johann Rottenhoeffer, the baker Anton Seidl, and the baking firm of Heinrich Georg Erbshäuser. A Prinzregententorte originally had eight layers of both cake and cream, so as to represent the eight districts the Kingdom of Bavaria once had. Since one of those regions, the Palatinate, was split off from Bavaria and merged with surrounding lands to form the new federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate by the American Military Government after World War II, which the locals later confirmed in a plebiscite, the double-layers were subsequently reduced to seven.

Sweet curd cheese dumplings, commonly served with fruit, fruit sauce

Buchteln , Ofennudel(n), Rohrnudel(n)) are sweet rolls made of enriched yeast dough, filled with powidl, jam, ground poppy seeds or quark, brushed with butter and baked in a large pan so that they stick together and can be pulled apart. The traditional buchtel is filled with powidl.[citation needed] Buchteln may be topped with vanilla sauce, powdered sugar or eaten plain and warm. Buchteln are served lukewarm, mostly as a breakfast pastry or with tea. In the 19th century they could be boiled similar to dumplings. The origin of the buchteln is the region of Bohemia, but they also play a major part in the Austrian, Slovak, Slovenian, and Hungarian cuisine. In Bavaria buchteln are called Rohrnudeln, in Slovenian buhteljni, in Serbian бухтле/buhtle or бухтла/buhtla, in Hungarian bukta, in Kajkavian buhtli, in Croatian buhtle, in Polish buchta, and in Czech buchta or buchtička, in Lombard Buten. In Romania, in the Banat region, are called bucte.

Salzburger Nockerl are a sweet soufflé served as a dessert, a culinary specialty in the Austrian city of Salzburg. The sweet soufflé is made from egg yolk, flour, sugar, and vanilla (or vanilla sugar), mixed into a dough. Next, egg white and granulated sugar are whisked into a meringue until soft peaks form and then mixed into the dough with spatula. Finally, dumplings (Nocken, diminutive: Nockerl, cf. Gnocchi) of the mixture are baked in an oven until lightly brown on the outside (10-12 minutes). Salzburger Nockerl are always freshly prepared and served warm with powdered sugar, sometimes with a raspberry sauce or any other fruit spread layered on the bottom of the soufflé. Though traditionally a dessert, the dish is filling enough to eat as a main course.

Bread pudding with apples, cinnamon, raisins, serve with vanilla sauce

A Schneeball or Schneeballen (plural: Schneebälle ( German: [ˈʃneːˌbɛlə] ⓘ) and Schneeballen respectively), snowball in English, is a deep-fried pastry made from shortcrust pastry especially popular in the area of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Its name derives from its round, ball-like shape, its diameter of about eight to ten centimeters, and its traditional decoration with white confectioner's sugar. It is also known as a Storchennest ( pronounced [ˈʃtɔʁçn̩ˌnɛst] ⓘstork's nest). This kind of pastry has been known for at least 400 years in the regions of Franconia and Hohenlohe (northeast of Baden-Württemberg) where it is very popular. Served only on special occasions such as weddings in the past; they are nowadays available throughout the year and can be found around Rothenburg ob der Tauber in bakeries, pastry shops, and cafes. In the town itself there are even companies that specialize in the pastry, constantly coming out with new variations. Beside the classical ones dusted with confectioner's sugar, there are recipes glazed with chocolate and nuts or filled with marzipan. As the pastry is considered the signature dish of the town, it is a very common souvenir.

Lebkuchen , Honigkuchen or Pfefferkuchen ( pronounced [ˈp͡fɛfɐˌkuːxn̩] ⓘ) are honey-sweetened German cakes, moulded cookies or bar cookies that have become part of Germany's Christmas traditions. They are similar to gingerbread. The etymology of Leb- in the term Lebkuchen is uncertain. Proposed derivations include: from the Latin libum (flat bread), from the Germanic word Laib (loaf), and from the Germanic word lebbe (very sweet). Another likely possibility is that it comes from the old term Leb-Honig, the rather solid crystallized honey taken from the hive, that cannot be used for much beside baking. Folk etymology often associates the name with Leben (life), Leib (body), or Leibspeise (favorite food). Kuchen means 'cake'.

Plum dumplings

Bavarian beer is a product with a protected designation of origin. It has been registered with the European Union as a protected geographical indication (PGI) since 2001

Doppelbock or double bock is a stronger version of traditional bock that was first brewed in Munich by the Paulaner Friars, a Franciscan order founded by St. Francis of Paula

The Privatbrauerei Erdinger Weißbräu Werner Brombach GmbH is a brewery in Erding, Germany. Its best-known products are its namesake Weißbiers (wheat beer). Erdinger is the world's largest wheat beer brewery. It is widely available and popular across Germany and the European Union. Erdinger was founded in 1886 by Johann Kienle. Erdinger beer is the best-known culinary product of the town; however, the brewery did not receive its current name until 1949 from its owner Franz Brombach, who had acquired the brewery 14 years earlier. The current owner is Franz Brombach's son, Werner Brombach (since 1975). Currently, there are ten varieties available: Since 2015, Erdinger have been marketing their Alkoholfrei beer as a post activity sports drink.

Helles or hell is a traditional German pale lager beer, produced chiefly in Southern Germany, particularly Munich. The German word hell can be translated as "bright", "light", or "pale". Helles-style beers typically are full-bodied, mildly sweet and light-coloured, with low bitterness. The beer is clear due to filtration before bottling, although some restaurants and breweries do offer an unfiltered version. Munich-style helles is a yellow beer brewed using cool fermentation with a lager yeast such as Saccharomyces pastorianus, bitter hops such as Hallertau hops, and an original specific gravity between 1.044 and 1.053 (11 to 13 degrees plato), and between 4.5 and 6% alcohol by volume. Helles has a less pronounced hop flavour than German pilsner beers.

Beer produced in Hof, Bavaria, Germany, many different types

Wheat beer is a top-fermented beer which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley. The two main varieties are German Weizenbier and Belgian witbier; other types include Lambic , Berliner Weisse (a cloudy, sour beer), and Gose (a sour, salty beer). Weißbier (German – "white beer") uses at least 52% wheat to barley malt to make a light-coloured top-fermenting beer. Witbier (Dutch – "white beer") uses flavorings such as coriander and orange peel. Belgian white beers are often made with raw unmalted wheat.[citation needed]

The Kulmbach Brewery Corporation was founded in 1895 under the name Reichelbräu in Kulmbach, a city in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. The success of the brewery started with the export of Kulmbach beer to Central, East and North Germany. Since 1980 the Kulmbach Brewery Corporation has been noticed for its steady expansions. In 1980 and 1984 the company merged with the companies Sandlerbräu and Mönchshof-Bräu GmbH and two more brands of beer was added to the product line.

Beer produced in the Mainfranken region of Bavaria, Germany

Marillenschnaps, also called Marillenbrand, is a fruit brandy made from apricots. It is mostly produced in the Wachau region of Austria, but similar apricot brandies are produced elsewhere. Many small orchards produce excellent home-made varieties of Marillenschnaps. Marillen is an Austrian German and Bavarian term for apricots, which are known as Aprikosen in other German-speaking regions. Marillenschnaps should be clear with a strong apricot aroma. Its alcohol content should be close to 40% ABV. One hundred kilograms of ripe apricots will produce about eight litres (2 US gal) of Marillenschnaps.

Märzen or Märzenbier (German: March beer) is a lager that originated in Bavaria, Germany. It has a medium to full body and may vary in colour from pale through amber to dark brown. It was the beer traditionally served at the Munich Oktoberfest. The geographical indication Oktoberfestbier is protected in the EU and can only be used for Märzen that is brewed in Munich. Märzen has its origins in Bavaria, probably before the 16th century. A Bavarian brewing ordinance decreed in 1553 that beer may be brewed only between 29 September (St. Michael's Day or Michaelmas) and 23 April (St. George's Day or Georgi), as the high summertime temperatures were more likely to cause off-flavoured beer due to elevated ambient fermentation temperatures.

Münchener Bier is a beer from Germany that is protected under EU law with PGI status, first published under relevant laws in 1998. This designation was one of six German beers registered with the PGI designation at the time. Munich has had a long history of brewing beer; some have traced the starting point of this brewing tradition to the foundation of the Munich Court Brewery by William V, Duke of Bavaria . The reputation of Munich beers was celebrated in publications as early as 1816. The beer is produced using water taken from deep wells within the city of Munich, which is drawn through layers of slate formed millions of years ago. The water is mixed with coarsely ground malted cereal; this produces a “mash” that is stirred constantly while being heated to different temperature levels. The process of heating activates enzymes in the malt, making its components readily soluble. The mixture is then “lautered” (which involves filtering the wort and removing insoluble materials), then adding hops and boiling the mixture for one to two hours. This helps create the specific flavor profile of the beer, breaking down the hops and removing proteins that are detrimental to the taste.

Paulaner is a German brewery, established in 1634 in Munich by the Paulaner Order of mendicant friars. Now owned by the Schörghuber family, it is one of the six breweries which provides beer for Oktoberfest. Paulaner ranks number six among Germany's best-selling beers. The brewery was founded by the Paulaner Order after whom it was named. The monks in the Order's Neudeck ob der Au Monastery in Munich brewed a strong beer, the Paulaner Salvator, naturally according to the Purity Law of 1516. Whatever they did not drink themselves was given to the poor or sold in the cloister pub. As ever-larger numbers of people in Munich began drinking the beer, civilian brewers voiced their complaints to the city council on February 24, 1634, about competition from the monastery. This letter is considered the first documented evidence of the Paulaner Brewery and is to this day used as the founding date of the brewery.

Beer produced in Reuth bei Erbendorf, Bavaria, Germany

The Würzburg Hofbräu is the only brewery in Würzburg, Germany. It was founded in 1643 by the Franconian Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn and is deeply rooted in the region of Lower Franconia. At that time there were many Swedish soldiers in Würzburg, who had emptied most of the wine stores of the city. Prince Bishop von Schönborn founded the brewery. As the brewery was a good source of income, it was also supported by his successor bishops. In memory of the founder of the brewery, the crown of the prince bishop decorates the brewery logo. During the 19th-century, the Würzburg Hofbräuhaus became an internationally active company. It exported in 1887 as one of the first German breweries in the United States. As of 2011 it exports to buyers of brewery products in the United States, Italy and China. The Würzburg Hofbräuhaus is primarily a regional brewery in Lower Franconia. Since 1993, the brewery was technically modernized and expanded in subsequent years through strategic acquisitions. In 1999, the takeover of the royal brewery Wächstersbach and Wernerbräu GmbH 2011 Lohrer was feeding the brewery, which today is called Tusker beer GmbH. Since 2005, the Würzburg Hofbräuhaus GmbH is owned by the Kulmbacher Brewery, a subsidiary of Brau Holding International.

Plum brandy, drunk neat at room temperature or slightly cooler

Aischgründer mirror carp from the Aisch River in Bavaria, Germany

Cattle reared in Bavaria, Germany

Bavarian braised beef roast

Whole roast chicken

Brenntar or Habermus or Schwarzer Brei is a Swabian staple foodstuff, particularly prominent in the Swabian Jura and in the Allgäu. It is made of roasted flour, usually spelt flour or oat flour. This kiln-dried flour is called Musmehl. It is usually cooked like a porridge with water and milk. The name Brenntar means "burned porridge", Habermus means "oat porridge", and Schwarzer Brei means "black porridge". If roasted correctly, however, Brenntar is brown, but if roasted for too long in the drying kiln it can turn black. It is written in the Schwäbisches Wörterbuch that in 1540 the population on the Swabian Jura was saved from starvation by Brenntar and Hildegard of Bingen recommended Habermus for a healthy living.

Buttermilk soup with dumplings, potatoes, bacon, green beans, vegetables, chervil

A Dampfnudel is a dumpling eaten as a meal or as a dessert in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and in France (Alsace-Moselle). It is a typical dish in southern Germany. There are Dampfnudel city gates in Freckenfeld and Kandel, two towns in the Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany, very near the border with French Alsace.[citation needed] It is reputed that, during the Thirty Years' War, Swedish troops arrived at Freckenfeld and demanded ransom. Master baker Johannes Muck, with his wife and apprentice, made 1,286 Dampfnudeln to feed the soldiers, who then spared the village from further extortion and pillage. The Dampfnudeltor (Dampfnudel gate) even features on the coat of arms of the municipality of Freckenfeld. Dampfnudeln are made from a dough composed of white flour, water, yeast, salt, butter or margarine, and sometimes also eggs and a little sugar. The dough is formed into balls about the size of an egg, left to rise and then cooked in a covered pot, preferably a high-rimmed iron pan with a lid, either in a mixture of milk and butter (the Bavarian style) or salt water and fat (the Rhineland-Palatinate style) until a golden-brown crust forms at the bottom after the liquid has evaporated. The tops remain white.

Beef broth with whispy beaten eggs

Duck soup

Goulash is a soup made of meat and vegetables seasoned with paprika and other spices. Originating in Hungary, goulash is a common meal predominantly eaten in Central Europe but also in other parts of Europe. It is one of the national dishes of Hungary and a symbol of the country. Its origins may be traced back as far as the 10th century to stews eaten by Hungarian shepherds. At that time, the cooked and flavored meat was dried with the help of the sun and packed into bags produced from sheep's stomachs, needing only water to make it into a meal. Earlier versions of goulash did not include paprika, as it was not introduced to Europe until the 16th century.

A frikadelle[a] is a rounded, flat-bottomed, pan-fried meatball of ground meat, often likened to the German version of meatballs. The origin of the dish is unknown. The term Frikadelle is German but the dish is associated with German, Nordic and Polish cuisines. They are one of the most popular meals in Poland, where they are known as kotlety mielone . There are various local variants of frikadelle throughout Scandinavia, as both a main course and a side dish. In Sweden, the word frikadeller refers to meatballs that are boiled, not pan-fried. The origin of the word is uncertain. According to the Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, Frikadelle (pl. Frikadellen) can be found end of the 17th century in German, and is related to the French fricandeau, and Latin frīgere ('to roast'). Other variants used in Germany are Boulette/Bulette, Bratklops, Fleischpflanzerl, Fleischlaberl, Fleischküchle and Grilletta [de]/Grillette as well as the Austrian Faschiertes Laibchen [de]. It may be derived from fricandeau de veau, a dish of sliced veal, larded with pork fat. In the Dictionnaire des dictionnaires (1837) fricadelle is defined as, "In Belgium, a ball of ground, cooked meat" and a separate word, fricadèle, is defined as fricandeau. And in Phillips's New World of Words (1706) it is defined as "Fricandoe, a sort of Scotch Collops made of thin slices of Veal, well larded and stuff'd." The Oxford English Dictionary defines fricandele (variation fricadelle) as a "quasi-French form of fricandeau".

Carp from the Franconia region in Bavaria, Germany

Beef broth with semolina dumplings

Small veal roulades stuffed with a savory mixture of meat, herbs and spices, also refers to pieces of meat from the back of the veal shank which can be fried, stewed, grilled

Käsespätzle is a traditional dish of the German regions of Swabia, Baden and Allgäu, and also in the Austrian regions Vorarlberg and Tyrol, as well as Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Hot spätzle and grated cheese such as Emmentaler or granular cheese are layered alternately and finally topped with fried onions. After adding each layer, the käsespätzle is baked until all the cheese is melted. Accompanying side dishes are green salads or potato salad. In some parts of Vorarlberg and also Liechtenstein käsespätzle is usually served with apple sauce. Leftovers of käsespätzle can be pan-fried with butter.

Käsespätzle is a traditional dish of the German regions of Swabia, Baden and Allgäu, and also in the Austrian regions Vorarlberg and Tyrol, as well as Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Hot spätzle and grated cheese such as Emmentaler or granular cheese are layered alternately and finally topped with fried onions. After adding each layer, the käsespätzle is baked until all the cheese is melted. Accompanying side dishes are green salads or potato salad. In some parts of Vorarlberg and also Liechtenstein käsespätzle is usually served with apple sauce. Leftovers of käsespätzle can be pan-fried with butter.

Fried cheese and potato dumplings/patties

Creamy garlic soup

Large roulade made with noodles and a savory sauerkraut and bacon filling

Thick-sliced liver sausage on a semmel bread roll, served with mustard, lettuce, pickles

Leberknödel is a traditional dish of German, Austrian and Czech cuisines. Leberknödel are usually composed of beef liver, though in the German Palatinate region pork is used as an alternative. The meat is ground and mixed with bread, eggs, parsley and various spices, often nutmeg or marjoram. In Austria spleen is often mixed with the liver in a 1/3 ratio. Using 2 moistened tablespoons, the batter is formed into dumplings and boiled in beef broth or fried in lard.

Liver noodle soup

Cyprinus carpio, mirro carp farmed in Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany

Chicken in a sauce made with tomato paste, cream, paprika, serve with, for example, spätzle, salad

Pichelsteiner is a German stew that contains several kinds of meat and vegetables. In the first step, beef, pork and mutton are seared. Then the vegetables are added, which are usually potatoes, diced carrots and parsley roots, cut cabbage and leek. Subsequently meat broth is poured over the mixture and everything is cooked together . In Swabia, it is common to serve the marrow of the bones with which the broth was made together with the finished stew as a garnish. As the dish is very easy to prepare, Pichelsteiner is often prepared in large-scale catering kitchens. Its consistency is normally quite thick.

Austrian beef goulash

Rumford's Soup was an early effort in scientific nutrition. It was invented by Benjamin Thompson, Reichsgraf von Rumford, circa 1800 and consumed in Munich and greater Bavaria, where he was employed as an advisor to Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. It was used as a ration for the poor, for Bavarian workhouses and military workhouses, and prisoners. Count Rumford has been credited in many instances for "establishing the first real soup kitchen." As a reformatory measure, the Bavarian government intended to institute workhouses for those on welfare. Rumford's charge was to provide the cheapest possible ration that was still a high-calorie, nutritious food. The soup came to be well known among philanthropic-minded people throughout Germany at the time, and Rumford set up his soup kitchens in many German cities. Rumford's soup was a common base for inexpensive military rations in Central Europe for much of the nineteenth and twentieth century.

Liver in a savory wine sauce

Kidneys in a savory wine sauce or gravy

Saure Zipfel or Blaue Zipfel (lit.: blue ends) is a typical dish of the cuisine of Franconia and Upper Palatinate. It consists of Bratwurst cooked in vinegar. To prepare the dish, onions, vinegar, white wine and spices (bay leaves, pepper, clove and juniper berries) are cooked together. Then the raw Bratwürste are added and are simmered on low heat. During this process, they become a pale blue that gives the dish its name. They are served in the brew with bread, bread rolls or pretzels.

Schäufele is a traditional dish from Franconia in the south of Germany. It is made from the pig's shoulder meat, which gives the dish its name, "Schäufele", or the pig's scapula. In Franconia, the meat, the pork rind and the bone are roasted together as a whole. Before that, the pork rind is scratched in a criss-cross pattern, seasoned with salt, pepper and caraway and put in a casserole dish with diced root vegetables and onions where it is doused with beer and roasted in the oven for about two or three hours. The roast is ready as soon as the meat is easy to separate from the bone and the pork rind is crispy and golden brown. It is then served with various side dishes including gravy, Kartoffelklöße, salad, sauerkraut, red cabbage and savoy cabbage. In Baden, the meat is cured and smoked before it is simmered in a broth of water, white wine, vinegar, onion, bay laurel and clove for about two to two and a half hours. It is then served with potato salad, dressed with a broth of salt, pepper and vinegar. Although available all year around, Schäufele with potato salad is the typical Christmas Eve supper in the southern half of Baden.

A Schlachteplatte, Schlachtplatte, Schlachtschüssel , or Metzgete (Swiss and southwestern part of Baden-Württemberg in Germany) is a hearty German dish that primarily consists of boiled pork belly (Kesselfleisch) and freshly cooked Blutwurst and Leberwurst sausages. The cooking process produces sausage juices which, together with any split sausages, are used as a soup known as Metzelsuppe. As a result, in many places, e.g. in parts of the Palatinate, the entire festival[clarification needed] and the meal in particular are known as Metzelsupp. Common accompaniments to a Schlachtplatte are sauerkraut and bread or potatoes or, in South Germany, potato pancakes (Dotsch or Reiberdatschi). Other elements might be fresh Bratwurst and Mettwurst or raw, spiced bratwurst filling. In Rhinehessen it is also common to enrich the dish with a sauce from part of the pig's blood (Schweinepfeffer or Schwarz Brie). The word is derived from schlachten, "to slaughter", and Platte, "dish", because, traditionally, it is only eaten on the day of slaughter; before the invention of refrigerators blood and sensitive organs like liver had to be prepared straight away. Meat, which did not have to be consumed immediately was preserved by salting, drying and smoking. The slaughtering day offered a rare opportunity to eat fresh meat which explains why the Schlachtplatte is a rather lavish meal.

Roast pork, serve with gravy, sauerkraut, bread dumplings

Pork stewed with vegetables, wine, vinegar, pepper, herbs, spices, some classic recipes include pig's blood

Schweinshaxe , in German cuisine, is a roasted ham hock (or pork knuckle). The ham hock is the end of the pig's leg, just above the ankle and below the meaty ham portion. It is especially popular in Bavaria as Schweinshaxn, pronounced [ˈʃvaɪnshaksn̩] or Sauhax(n) [ˈsao̯haks(n̩)]. A variation of this dish is known in parts of Germany as Eisbein, in which the ham hock is pickled and usually slightly boiled. Schweinshaxe is one of the formerly typical peasant foods, in which recipes were composed to make inexpensive and tough cuts of meat more palatable (cf. for beef the popular Sauerbraten). Such inexpensive cuts usually require long periods of preparation; the meat is sometimes marinated for days, and in the case of big cuts up to a week. The Schweinshaxe is then roasted at low temperatures, typically—depending on size—for two to three hours.

A fry-up made with potatoes, onions, bacon, sausage

Wurstsalat is a tart sausage salad prepared with distilled white vinegar, oil and onions. A variation of the recipe adds strips of pickled gherkin. It is generally made from boiled sausage like Lyoner, stadtwurst, Regensburger Wurst or extrawurst. It is a traditional snack in Southern Germany, Alsace, Switzerland and Austria (where it is known as Saure Wurst, lit. "sour sausage"). To prepare the dish, the sausage is cut into thin slices or strips and placed, along with raw onion (sliced into rings or diced), in a vinegar and oil marinade, lightly seasoned with salt, pepper, and sometimes paprika. Common additional ingredients are finely cut gherkins, radishes, parsley or chives. Wurstsalat is generally served with bread and sometimes fried potatoes. Popular variants are the Schwäbischer Wurstsalat (Swabian wurstsalat), which uses one half blood sausage, and Schweizer Wurstsalat (Swiss wurstsalat), which like the Straßburger Wurstsalat (Strasbourg wurstsalat) or Elsässer Wurstsalat (Alsacian wurstsalat) also contains Emmental cheese and uses the traditional Swiss cervelat instead of Lyoner sausage.

Pan-fried beef steak and onions in gravy

Abensberger asparagus, from Absensberg, Bavaria, Germany

Hard cheese made from unpasteurized cow's milk, from Allgäu, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

Amatriciana sauce, known in Italian as amatriciana , is a sauce made with tomatoes, guanciale (cured pork cheek), pecorino romano cheese, black pepper, extra virgin olive oil, dry white wine, and salt. Originating in the comune (municipality) of Amatrice (in the mountainous province of Rieti of the Lazio region), the amatriciana is one of the best known pasta sauces in present-day Roman and Italian cuisine. The Italian government has named it a prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale (PAT) of Lazio, and amatriciana tradizionale is registered as a traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG) in the EU and the UK. Amatriciana derives from a dish called pasta alla gricia. The origin of the word gricia is unclear. In papal Rome, the grici were sellers of common edible foods, who got this name because many of them came from Valtellina, at that time a possession of the Swiss canton of Grigioni. According to another hypothesis, it is named after the frazione (hamlet) of Grisciano, in the comune (municipality) of Accumoli, near Amatrice. The sauce—nowadays named also amatriciana bianca—was, and still is, prepared with guanciale (cured pork cheek) and grated pecorino romano. At some point, a little olive oil was added to the recipe. In the 1960s, amatriciana sauce was still prepared in this way in Amatrice itself.

Small waxy potatoes grown in Bavaria, Germany

Bauernwurst, also known as "farmer's sausage," is a traditional German sausage made from coarsely ground pork and beef, seasoned with spices like garlic, marjoram, and mustard seeds. It has a rich, smoky flavor and is often enjoyed grilled or fried, typically served with mustard and sauerkraut.

Bavarian pretzels, from Bavaria, Germany

Bavarian blue cheese

Horseradish from Bavaria, Germany

Malt sugar hard candy from Bavaria, Germany

Bergkäse refers to a number of varieties of cheese produced in the Alps. This includes products of mountain farming, the cultivation of alpine pastures as well as the milk processing of local producers in dairies. The term does not say much about the type or production method of the product called mountain cheese, which is usually a hard or semi-hard cheese with no or little holes (also called eyes), usually with a natural rind, but there are also semi-hard cheeses and soft cheeses under this designation. The term is used also generically (especially in Austria) for Swiss-type or Alpine cheeses, which resemble these in taste and texture but do not come from one of the traditional cheese making regions. The texture is rather hard, sometimes with small holes or cracks, the flavour strong and often a bit nutty. In earlier times, almost all cheeses produced in mountainous regions in summer were mountain cheeses in the sense that they were cheesed on the mountain, i.e. on the shieling. This took place during the summer months in the period lasting between about 70 and 120 days, depending on the region and altitude, when the cattle grazed the mountain meadows. The animals were then outdoors almost continuously and found particularly juicy and rich fodder with plenty of herbs, which resulted in special quality and spicy taste of the mountain milk. As transport possibilities were limited, it was obvious to cheese this milk and thus at the same time to concentrate and preserve it by dehydration. After the cattle had left the mountain pastures (Almabtrieb in German), the quality of the fodder deteriorated and the milk yield of the cows dropped. In winter, the milk was usually just enough for the farm's self-sufficiency, and there was hardly any cheese-making left. In the mountain Canton of Grisons in Switzerland, 225 alpine pastures were occupied by dairy cows in 2020. Around half of these were still alpine dairy farms and produced cheese directly on the alp. From the other alps, the milk is transported to the valley for processing. Both vehicles and cable cars are used for this. In the past, finished cheese wheels were often transported down to the valley on sledges, but today this is sometimes even done by helicopter. The cheese is then transported back down to the alpine pastures.