Gansu, in northwestern China, is a arid, mountainous province along the ancient Silk Road, with Lanzhou as its gritty capital on the Yellow River. Home to the Mogao Caves’ Buddhist art and the rainbow-hued Danxia landforms, it’s a cultural and geological marvel. Gansu’s economy leans on agriculture, mining, and renewable energy, though its remote stretches remain sparsely populated. Its history as a trade corridor blends Han, Tibetan, and Muslim influences.