Ontario

Hoito Restaurant-style Finnish pancakes

Home fries , gommer fries (Western Canada), house fries (US), American fries (US), fried potatoes (UK, Canada and regional US), Bratkartoffeln (German), or bistro potatoes (southeastern US) are a type of basic potato dish made by pan- or skillet-frying chunked, sliced, wedged or diced potatoes that are sometimes unpeeled and may have been par-cooked by boiling, baking, steaming, or microwaving. They are sometimes served as a substitute for hash browns. Home fries (or fried potatoes) are often paired with onions. In North America, home fries are popular as a breakfast side dish.

Maple syrup is a sweet syrup made from the sap of maple trees. In cold climates, these trees store starch in their trunks and roots before winter; the starch is then converted to sugar that rises in the sap in late winter and early spring. Maple trees are tapped by drilling holes into their trunks and collecting the sap, which is processed by heating to evaporate much of the water, leaving the concentrated syrup. Maple syrup was first made by the Indigenous peoples of Northeastern North America. The practice was adopted by European settlers, who gradually changed production methods. Technological improvements in the 1970s further refined syrup processing. Almost all of the world's maple syrup is produced in Canada and the United States.

The Montreal-style bagel or Montreal bagel is a distinctive variety of handmade and wood-fired baked bagel. In contrast to the New York–style bagel, the Montreal bagel is smaller, thinner, sweeter and denser, with a larger hole, and is always baked in a wood-fired oven. It contains malt, egg, and no salt, and is boiled in honey-sweetened water before being baked. In some Montreal establishments, bagels are still produced by hand and baked in full view of the patrons. There are two predominant varieties: black-seed (poppy seed), or white-seed (sesame seed).

Peameal bacon is a wet-cured, unsmoked back bacon made from trimmed lean boneless pork loin rolled in cornmeal. It is found mainly in Ontario. Toronto pork packer William Davies, who moved to Canada from England in 1854, is credited with its development. The name "peameal bacon" derives from the historic practice of rolling the cured and trimmed boneless loin in dried and ground yellow peas to extend shelf life. Since the end of World War I, it has been rolled in ground yellow cornmeal. Peameal bacon sandwiches, consisting of cooked peameal bacon on a Kaiser roll and sometimes topped with mustard or other toppings, are often considered a signature dish of Toronto, particularly from Toronto's St. Lawrence Market.

Doughnut holes

An apple dumpling is a baked or boiled pastry-wrapped apple. To prepare apple dumplings, apples are peeled, cored and sometimes quartered and placed on a portion of dough. The hole from the core may be filled with cinnamon, butter and sugar and sometimes dried fruit such as raisins, sultanas, or currants. The dough is folded over the apples and sealed. Sometimes a spiced sauce is poured over the dumplings which are then baked until tender; the sugar and butter create a sweet sauce. Apple dumplings can be served hot, cold, or room temperature for breakfast, dessert, or as a main dish. Boiled apple dumplings are among the earliest of fruit puddings.: 65  They were eaten "at all social levels". In 1726 Nicholas Amhurst complained about apple dumplings at Oxford, saying "nothing can be expected from only rot-gut small beer, and heavy apple-dumplings, but stupidity, sleepiness, and indolence.": 75  Two recipes for apple dumplings were published in Hannah Glasse's 1747 cookbook. In 1749–1750, when botanist Pehr Kalm traveled from New Jersey to Quebec, he reported having apple dumplings at every meal.: 75  In 1754 English agriculturalist William Ellis called them one of the most common foods among farmers, along with bacon and pickled pork. A print called Lesson in apple dumplings or Learning to make apple dumplings, variously attributed to British caricaturists James Gillray in 1792 or Richard Newton in 1797, shows a woman making apple dumplings, watched by a man, possibly King George III. The 1801 domestic encyclopedia Oeconomische Encyclopädie oder Allgemeines System der Land-, Haus- und Staats-Wirthschaft includes instructions for making Apfelklöße, "small apple dumplings." In 1810 English caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson created a colored etching called Puff Paste which shows a footman and cook cuddling while the cook makes apple dumplings. In 1838 American physician William Alcott in his book of advice for young wives The Young House-keeper: Or, Thoughts on Food and Cookery said that "apple dumplings are not very objectionable, except for the crust" as long as no spices were added, but goes on to say, "But why should we have the apple dumpling at all? Few would prepare it, or eat it after it was prepared, were it not for the crust, and above all, for the butter, the sauce, or the sugar added to it; but all of these are objectionable." American cookbook author Eliza Leslie included a recipe for baked apple dumplings in the 1851 edition of her cookbook, in a section called "New Receipts.": 76  In 1870 an apple dumpling dinner was given by the Bethel A.M.E. church in San Francisco. In 1879 Mark Twain included baked apple dumplings on a list of American foods "unmatched by European hotel cuisine".: 76  In 1946 George Orwell was commissioned to write an essay on British Cuisine for an overseas audience, later rejected by the British Council "amid anxiety about postwar austerity", and called out boiled apple dumplings as an example of the "greatest glories of British cookery."

Bumbleberry pie is a mixed berry pie. It is made of at least three kinds of berries, but generally refers to a mixed berry pie, as there is no such berry as a "bumbleberry". This pie often also contains apple and/or rhubarb. Berries commonly used in this pie may include blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries.

Hand-pulled toffee

Caramel shortbread, also known as caramel squares, caramel slice, millionaire's shortbread, millionaire's slice, chocolate caramel shortbread or Wellington squares is a biscuit confectionery composed of a shortbread biscuit base topped with caramel and milk chocolate. Variations exist which substitute or add ingredients to cater to different tastes, dietary requirements or ingredient availability. Caramel shortbread is an adapted form of the original Scottish shortbread. Scottish shortbread originated around the 12th century, but its modern refined form is attributed to the efforts of Mary, Queen of Scots in the 16th century.

A mousse is a soft prepared food that incorporates air bubbles to give it a light and airy texture. Depending on preparation techniques, it can range from light and fluffy to creamy and thick. A mousse may be sweet or savoury. Sweet mousses are typically made with whipped egg whites, whipped cream, or both, and flavored with one or more of chocolate, coffee, caramel, puréed fruits, or various herbs and spices, such as mint or vanilla. In the case of some chocolate mousses, egg yolks are often stirred into melted chocolate to give the final product a richer mouthfeel. Mousses are also typically chilled before being served, which gives them a denser texture. Additionally, mousses are often frozen into silicone molds and unmolded to give the mousse a defined shape. Sweetened mousse is served as a dessert or used as an airy cake filling. It is sometimes stabilized with gelatin. Savoury mousses can be made from meat, fish, shellfish, foie gras, cheese, or vegetables. Hot mousses often get their light texture from the addition of beaten egg whites.

Cranberry pie is a dessert made with a sweet-tart filling of cranberries, often combined with sugar, spices, and sometimes citrus zest, all encased in a flaky pie crust. It's a popular choice for holiday meals, especially during Thanksgiving and Christmas.

A cream horn is a pastry made with flaky or puff pastry, and whipped cream. The horn shape is made by winding overlapping pastry strips around a conical thin sheet metallic mold. After baking, a spoonful of jam or fruit is added and the pastry is then filled with whipped cream. The pastry can also be moistened and sprinkled with sugar before baking for a sweeter, crisp finish. Cream horns are called cannoncini in Italy, kornedákia (Greek: κορνεδάκια) in Greece and Schaumrollen in Austria. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, cream horns are called Lady Locks or clothespin cookies.

Grape pie is a type of fruit pie made from Concord grape and is part of harvest time traditions in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the United States. It is particularly sought after at the Naples Grape Festival, and can be found at various shops around town. Grape pie made with Concord grapes is a regional specialty of Western New York, the Finger Lakes region, Pennsylvania and other areas of the United States where the grape is grown as well as Ontario, Canada. Vineyards that grow the grape, which was developed in the U.S., stretch from Western New York across Pennsylvania and into Ohio and Michigan as well as Washington state. Grape pie is a specialty and tradition of Naples, New York, host of the Naples Grape Festival and home to Angela Cannon-Crothers, author of Grape Pie Season. The traditional recipe, using Concord grapes, is said to taste like wine due to the inclusion of tannins. Variants on the dessert use other grape types and various other ingredients.

Hasty pudding is a pudding or porridge of grains cooked in milk or water. In the United States, it often refers specifically to a version made primarily with ground corn, and it is most known for being mentioned in the lyrics of "Yankee Doodle", a traditional American song of the eighteenth century. Since at least the sixteenth century, a dish called hasty pudding has been found in British cuisine. It is made of wheat flour that has been cooked in boiling milk or water until it reaches the consistency of a thick batter or an oatmeal porridge. It was a staple dish for the English for centuries. The earliest known recipes for hasty pudding date to the 17th century. There are three examples in Robert May's The Accomplisht Cook. The first is made with flour, cream, raisins, currants and butter, the second recipe is for a boiled pudding and the third includes grated bread, eggs and sugar. Hasty pudding was used by Hannah Glasse as a term for batter or oatmeal porridge in The Art of Cookery (1747). It is also mentioned in Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of 1755 as a combination of either milk and flour or oatmeal and water. The recipe is also found in The Compleat Housewife where it is made with grated penny loaf, cream, egg yolks, sack (or orange blossom water) and sugar.

Jos Louis is a Canadian confection consisting of two chocolate cake rounds with a creamy filling within a milk chocolate shell, made by Vachon Inc. It resembles a chocolate version of the May West dessert. It was created in 1932 and named after two of the Vachon sons, Joseph and Louis . However, as the May West was named after the popular American actress Mae West, a misconception exists that the Jos Louis was named after the popular American boxer Joe Louis born in 1914. The Jos Louis is also available in a 30-gram half-moon shape, called the 1/2 Jos Louis, and a bar-shaped version called the Jos Louis bar. The bar contains the normal creamy filling found in the Jos Louis and also has a chocolate filling and weighs 53 grams. The ½ Moon cake is essentially a Jos Louis without the chocolaty coating, but has a smaller portion size of 51 grams. The ½ Moon is available in either chocolate or vanilla. A double-layered variant, the Super Jos Louis, has two layers of creamy filling in the middle. In 2006, Entenmann's began distributing an equivalent of the ½ Moon in the US, with "Enten-Mini's Chocolate Half Rounds".

Pecan pie is a pie of pecan nuts mixed with a filling of eggs, butter and sugar . Variations may include white or brown sugar, cane syrup, sugar syrup, molasses, maple syrup, or honey. It is commonly served at holiday meals in the United States and is considered a specialty of Southern U.S. origin. Most pecan pie recipes include salt and vanilla as flavorings. Pecan pie may be served with whipped cream, vanilla ice cream or hard sauce. Attempts to trace the dish's origin have not found any recipes dated earlier than a pecan custard pie recipe published in Harper's Bazaar in 1886. Pecan pie was made before the invention of corn syrup, and older recipes used darker sugar-based syrup or molasses. The 1929 congressional club cookbook has a recipe for the pie which used only eggs, milk, sugar and pecans. The makers of Karo syrup significantly contributed to popularizing the dish and many of the recipes for variants (caramel, cinnamon, Irish cream, peanut butter, etc.) of the classic pie. The company has claimed that the dish was a 1930s "discovery" of a "new use for corn syrup" by a corporate sales executive's wife. Well-known cookbooks such as Fannie Farmer and The Joy of Cooking did not include this dessert before 1940. Pecan pie came to be closely associated with the culture of the Southern United States in the 1940s and 1950s.

Molten chocolate cake or runny core cake, is a French dessert that consists of a chocolate cake with a liquid chocolate core. It is named for that molten center, and it is also known as mi-cuit au chocolat, chocolat coulant , chocolate lava cake, or simply lava cake. It should not be confused with fondant au chocolat, a recipe that contains little flour, but much chocolate and butter, hence melting on the palate (but not on the plate). French chef Michel Bras said that he invented the cake in 1981, after two years of experimentation, with his original inspiration being a family group warming themselves up after a skiing trip by drinking hot chocolate. French chef and chocolatier Jacques Torres confirms that such a dessert existed in France in the 1980s. French chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten, for his part, said that he invented the dish in New York City in 1987. He recalled pulling a chocolate sponge cake from the oven before it was done and finding that the center was still runny, but warm with both a good taste and texture. He has been credited with popularizing the molten chocolate cake in the United States, where it became an almost de rigueur inclusion on high-end restaurant dessert menus in the 1990s.

Pecan pie treats with a shortbread crust, baked in a casserole dish

A Persian, Persian roll or Pershing is a fried sweet roll or doughnut with a spiral shape similar to a cinnamon bun. It may be covered with a sugar glaze, iced or frosted, or sprinkled with sugar or cinnamon sugar. In Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, it is said to have originated at Bennett's Bakery in Port Arthur, where it is served with a sweet, pink icing made of either raspberries or strawberries. Traditional lore is that the Persian was named for U.S. general John "Blackjack" Pershing but the exact date of its inception and circumstances of its creation are no longer known, giving rise to competing claims and stories. Its recipe remains a secret, with long-running debates on whether the icing contains raspberries or strawberries. Persians are often used as fundraising items to be sold at schools, churches, shopping malls, and other social events. They may be served "toasted" – sliced in half, heated in a frying pan and iced on both sides. Persians are popular in the US states of Wisconsin and Maine.[citation needed] In Camden, Maine, they were historically made with chocolate frosting. In Lehighton, Pennsylvania, they were served with chocolate or vanilla icing with a dollop of cherry–strawberry glaze. Persian buns in Wisconsin can have white or chocolate frosting and then topped with crushed peanuts. A version is also sold as a "Pershing Donut" at Titus Bakery in Lebanon, Indiana.

Pineapple pie is a dessert made with a sweet pineapple filling, often combined with ingredients like sugar, cornstarch, and lemon juice, all encased in a flaky pie crust. It can be baked or made as a no-bake version, typically served chilled or at room temperature.

Cake in which holes are poked and filled with fruit, caramel, coconut, chocolate, condensed milk

Queen Elizabeth cake is a lightly sweet, moist, and low-fat date cake, topped with a brown sugar, butter and broiled coconut mixture. "Queen Elizabeth cake" is named after the Queen of United Kingdom, Elizabeth II, and may have first been made in 1953 for her coronation. Another account holds that it was invented for the 1937 coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. Despite its unsettled origin, the dessert gained national popularity in the 1950s and remains a Canadian staple. Queen Elizabeth cake is a dessert cake prepared with sugar, flour, dates, eggs, and butter, and topped with a sugary icing infused with shredded coconut. The cake is named after Elizabeth II. It is a popular cake in Canada. The coconut topping is prepared by broiling or grilling. The icing is prepared using a caramel base. The dates used are chopped, and give the cake a dark coloration. Chopped walnuts or other types of nuts are sometimes used atop the cake. Queen Elizabeth cake is low in fat compared to other cakes, and has a moist consistency. It is sometimes served accompanied with tea. The cake is common at farmers markets and bake sales. It is sometimes purveyed at pastry shops in Canada. An account of Queen Elizabeth cake's origins is that it was prepared for the coronation of Elizabeth II in 1953. During this time, food rationing still existed in Great Britain, and a cake with few ingredients was in order. Another account is that the cake was invented for the 1937 coronation of King George VI and the Queen Mother Queen Elizabeth.

Raisin cake is a type of cake that is prepared using raisins as a main ingredient. Additional ingredients are sometimes used, such as chocolate and rum. Raisin cake dates back to at least the time of the reign of David, circa 1010–970 BCE. Boiled raisin cake is prepared by boiling various ingredients and then baking the mix in an oven. It dates back to at least the time of the American Civil War . Raisin cake is typically prepared using standard cake ingredients and raisins as a primary ingredient. Whole or chopped raisins can be used. Additional various ingredients are also sometimes used, such as rum, chocolate, and others. The use of rum can serve to plump-up the raisins via the added moisture, and the raisins can be marinated in rum before the cake is prepared. Spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves and pumpkin spice are sometimes used.

A sandwich cookie , also known as a sandwich biscuit (UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa), is a type of cookie made from two cookies with a filling between them. Typically the hard, thin cookies known as biscuits outside North America are used, though some sandwich cookies use softer or thicker cookies. Many types of fillings are used, such as cream, ganache, buttercream, chocolate, cream cheese, jam, peanut butter, lemon curd, or ice cream. Though they can be homemade, sandwich cookies are typically mass-produced and sold commercially. The sandwich biscuit market in Europe alone is worth over €1.6 billion a year, with Germany a consistently large consumer. Round sandwich biscuit varieties are more popular throughout Europe than squares, while the square varieties are more popular in Southern Europe than in the rest of the continent.

Spice cookies are a type of cookie that typically includes a blend of warm spices like cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, and cloves, giving them a rich flavor. They can vary in texture, often being soft and chewy, and are popular during the fall and winter months, especially around the holidays.

Spice cake made with a can of tomato soup

Apple cider is the name used in the United States and Canada for an unfiltered, unsweetened, non-alcoholic beverage made from apples. Though typically referred to simply as "cider" in North America, it is not to be confused with the alcoholic beverage known as cider in other places, which is called "hard cider" in the US. Outside of the United States and Canada, it is commonly referred to as cloudy apple juice to distinguish it from clearer, filtered apple juice and hard cider. Fresh liquid cider is extracted from the whole apple itself, including the apple core, trimmings from apples, and oddly sized or shaped “imperfect” apples, or apple culls. Fresh cider is opaque due to fine apple particles in suspension and generally tangier than commercially cooked and filtered apple juice, but this depends somewhat on the variety of apples used. Cider is sometimes pasteurized or exposed to UV light to kill bacteria and extend its shelf life, but traditional raw untreated cider is still common. Some companies have begun adding preservatives and boiling cider, so that it can be shelf stable and stored without refrigeration. In either form, apple cider is seasonally produced in autumn. It is traditionally served on Halloween, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Eve, sometimes heated and mulled. Although the term "cider" is used for the fermented alcoholic drink in much of the world, it often refers to fresh "apple cider" in North America; hard cider is used there instead when referring to the alcoholic drink. In much of the U.S. and Canada, the fresh variety is often referred to as "apple cider" with "cider" alone referring to the alcoholic variety.

Espresso with hot chocolate and topped with whipped cream, cinnamon and orange peel

A cocktail made with coffee, rum, amaretto and spices, may be made hot or cold, contains alcohol

Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques. The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises. Although the term "microbrewery" was originally used in relation to the size of breweries, it gradually came to reflect an alternative attitude and approach to brewing flexibility, adaptability, experimentation and customer service. The term and trend spread from the UK to the US in the 1980s, and was eventually used as a designation for breweries that produce fewer than 15,000 U.S. beer barrels annually. In 1995, there were 205 microbreweries nationwide. In 2000, that number more than doubled to 420 microbreweries.

Icewine is a type of dessert wine produced from grapes that have been frozen while still on the vine. The sugars and other dissolved solids do not freeze, but the water does, allowing for a more concentrated grape juice to develop. The grapes' must is then pressed from the frozen grapes, resulting in a smaller amount of more concentrated, very sweet juice. With icewines, the freezing happens before the fermentation, not afterwards. Unlike the grapes from which other dessert wines are made, such as Sauternes, Tokaji, or Trockenbeerenauslese, icewine grapes should not be affected by Botrytis cinerea or noble rot, at least not to any great degree. Only healthy grapes keep in good shape until the opportunity arises for an icewine harvest, which in extreme cases can occur after the New Year, on a northern hemisphere calendar. This gives icewine its characteristic refreshing sweetness balanced by high acidity. When the grapes are free of Botrytis, they are said to come in "clean". This results in a very complex and sweet wine. Much icewine is made from the grapes Riesling, Vidal, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon, but there is also icewine made from Shiraz, Merlot, Sangiovese and others. Icewine production is risky (the frost may not come at all before the grapes rot or are otherwise lost) and requires the availability of a large enough labour force to pick the whole crop within a few hours, at a moment's notice, on the first morning that is cold enough. The grapes for icewine must only be harvested when they are frozen naturally and the temperature must be -8 C (20°F) or below when they are picked. This results in relatively small amounts of ice wine being made worldwide, making icewines generally expensive. Icewine production is limited to that minority of the world's wine-growing regions where the necessary cold temperatures can be expected to be reached with some regularity. Canada is the world's largest producer of icewine, producing a greater volume of icewine than all other countries combined with Ontario producing over 90% of Canada's icewine, followed by Germany[citation needed].

The Raymond Massey is a cocktail made of rye, ginger syrup, and champagne. The drink's namesake is Canadian actor Raymond Massey , and the beverage is predominantly consumed in his hometown of Toronto, Ontario. Ginger syrup can be prepared in advance much as simple syrup, but with the inclusion of ¾ cup of peeled and sliced ginger. When gin is substituted for the whisky and lemon juice for the ginger syrup, the drink is called a French 75.

Rev is a 7% ABV vodka-based cola beverage , infused with guarana. Malt beverage versions are also available in cans instead of plastic bottles. Rev was originally manufactured by FBM Distilleries in Brampton, Ontario, Canada, but is currently also marketed as a malt-based beverage by the Geloso Group and distributed exclusively within Canada under license from Bacardi. The malt version is currently available in 3 flavours in Quebec: Original ("Blue"), Watermelon + Grapefruit ("Red"), and Mulberry ("Purple"). The Mulberry flavour is sold only in Quebec, with all over flavours being available in all other provinces.[citation needed] Rev was introduced in April 2000, as a beverage marketed towards rave and nightclub culture. Rev when combined with Jägermeister makes a drink called a "Rev-Bomb", a variation of a Jägerbomb. The T-Room on the Dalhousie University campus is credited with inventing this combination in 2009. The Rev-Bomb is a "depth charge" or "bomb shot", which refers to cocktails that are made by dropping a shot glass filled with liquor into another drink.

Spruce beer is a beverage flavored with the buds, needles, or essence of spruce trees. Spruce beer can refer to either alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages. A number of flavors are associated with spruce-flavored beverages, ranging from floral, citrus, and fruity, to cola-like flavors to resinous and piney. This diversity in flavor likely comes from the choice of spruce species, the season in which the spruce ingredients are harvested, and the manner of preparation. Using evergreen needles to create beverages was practiced in both Northern Europe and North America. Certain Indigenous peoples of North America used the drink as a cure for scurvy during the winter months when fresh fruits were not available, as the fresh shoots of many spruces and pines are a natural source of vitamin C. It may also have been brewed in Scandinavia prior to European contact with the Americas, but most French and British explorers were ignorant of its use as a treatment for scurvy when they arrived in North America. Jacques Cartier and his explorers were exposed to it as a tea when they arrived in Stadacona in what is now Quebec in 1535. European sailors adopted the practice and subsequently spread it across the world.

Savory pie with, for example, beef, pork, rabbit, potatoes, onions, herbs, common during Christmas

Potato and minced mutton or chicken curry, serve with rice

The Arctic char or Arctic charr is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae, native to alpine lakes, as well as Arctic and subarctic coastal waters in the Holarctic. It spawns in freshwater and its populations can be lacustrine, riverine, or anadromous, where they return from the ocean to their fresh water birth rivers to spawn. No other freshwater fish is found as far north; it is, for instance, the only fish species in Lake Hazen, which extends up to 81°56′N 68°55′W / 81.933°N 68.917°W / 81.933; -68.917 (Lake Hazen (northeast)) on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic. It is one of the rarest fish species in Great Britain and Ireland, found mainly in deep, cold, glacial lakes, and is at risk there from acidification. In other parts of its range, such as the Nordic countries, it is much more common, and is fished extensively. In Siberia, it is known as golets (Russian: голец) and it has been introduced in lakes where it sometimes threatens less hardy endemic species, such as the small-mouth char and the long-finned char in Elgygytgyn Lake.

A bison is a large bovine in the genus Bison (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)) within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised. Of the two surviving species, the American bison, B. bison, found only in North America, is the more numerous. Although colloquially referred to as a buffalo in the United States and Canada, it is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the Plains bison, B. b. bison, and the generally more northern wood bison, B. b. athabascae. A third subspecies, the eastern bison (B. b. pennsylvanicus) is no longer considered a valid taxon, being a junior synonym of B. b. bison. Historical references to "woods bison" or "wood bison" from the Eastern United States refer to this synonym animal (and to their eastern woodland habitat), not to B. b. athabascae, which was not found in the region. Its European kind B. bonasus or wisent —also 'zubr' or colloquially 'European buffalo'— is found in Europe and the Caucasus, reintroduced after being extinct in the wild.

Black bean soup is a nutritious and flavorful dish made primarily from black beans, vegetables, and spices. It can be easily prepared using canned beans and is often enjoyed as a vegan, gluten-free meal.

Cedar plank salmon is a cooking method where salmon is grilled or baked on a soaked cedar plank, which imparts a smoky flavor to the fish while keeping it moist. The planks should be soaked for at least 1-2 hours before use, and the salmon is typically seasoned or glazed before cooking.

Chicken and dumplings is a Southern United States dish that consists of a chicken boiled in water, with the resulting chicken broth being used to cook dumplings by boiling. A dumpling—in this context—is a biscuit dough, which is a mixture of flour, shortening, and liquid . The dumplings are either rolled out flat, dropped, or formed into a ball. It is a popular comfort food dish, commonly found in the Southern and Midwestern United States, that is also attributed to being a French Canadian meal that originated during the Great Depression. Some sources say that chicken and dumplings originated in the Southern United States during the era of the Antebellum South and was considered a mainstay during harsh economic times. One of the earliest versions of the recipe was cornmeal dumplings cooked with turnip greens. Chicken and dumplings as a dish is prepared with a combination of simmered chicken meat, broth produced by simmering the chicken, multiple dumplings, and salt and pepper for seasoning. Sometimes finely chopped vegetables, such as carrots and celery, are added to the broth, and herbs such as dill, parsley, thyme, or chives are added to the dumpling dough. Various commercial preparations of chicken and dumplings are available, including canned and frozen versions of the prepared dish. Frozen raw dumplings, typically very flat strips about 1x4 inches, can be cooked in any broth. The consistency of the prepared dish, whether homemade or purchased, varies from a thin soup to a very thick casserole-like consistency, easily eaten with a fork. Thicker preparations are made by gently simmering the dumplings longer and/or adding flour or another thickening agent directly to the broth. Flour tortillas or canned biscuits, rolled thin on a floured surface, cut into strips, are a quick and easy substitute for homemade dough. Butter may be added to the recipe for added richness. Since chicken meat would become dry and tough if it is boiled long enough to cook the dumplings and thicken the broth, the chicken or parts are removed from the broth before adding the dumplings. While the dumplings are cooking, the meat is separated from the bones. When the dumplings are done and the broth seasoned and thickened, the chicken is returned to the broth. The dish is then ready to be served, but may be kept on low heat so as to not further cook the chicken.[citation needed]

Madras curry is a curry made with a sauce of onions and tomatoes, made spicy hot with chili pepper and a curry powder made from a mixture of other spices. The dish was invented in Anglo-Indian cuisine; the name is unknown in Indian cuisine. Madras curry gets its name from the city of Madras at the time of the British Raj; the name is not used in Indian cuisine. The name and the dish were invented in Anglo-Indian cuisine for a simplified spicy sauce made using curry powder, tomatoes, and onions. The name denotes a generalised hot curry.

Pan-fried fish cakes made with dried cod

Octopus cooked over a flame

Liver and onions is a dish consisting of slices of liver and bulb onions. The liver and the onions are usually sautéed or otherwise cooked together, but sometimes they may be sautéed separately and mixed together afterwards. The liver is often cut in fine slices, but it also may be diced. Liver and onions is widely eaten in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and in Germany,[citation needed] where it is usually eaten along with boiled or mashed potatoes. Beef or veal liver is common in the US; veal or lamb liver are the usual choices in the UK. In the French traditional recipe the liver is fried with butter and bacon. In Catalan cuisine olive oil is used, instead of butter, and fried garlic is added to the mixture. In Italian cuisine, the fegato alla veneziana (lit. 'Venice-style liver') recipe includes a dash of red wine or vinegar and the fegato alla romana ('Rome-style liver') a dash of white wine and is cooked in lard.

Fries topped with lobster, cheese curds and a sauce or gravy

Mushroom stew is a hearty and flavorful dish typically made with a variety of mushrooms, vegetables, and herbs, often simmered in a broth or wine. It's a comforting meal that can be vegetarian or vegan, and is perfect for colder weather.

Stir fried beef and vegetables flavored with mandarin orange peel

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all oysters, are in the superfamily Ostreoidea.

Penne alla vodka is a pasta dish of penne in vodka sauce: a tomato and cream sauce with some vodka, and sometimes small meats and vegetables such as sausage, pancetta or peas. Sometimes other pasta shapes are used. The alcohol is said to intensify and accentuate flavors in the dish, the alcohol would normally cook off as in most cooking and the dish would not necessarily contain any alcohol. It is usually topped with grated Parmesan cheese in amount as desired, as with ground pepper. The recipe became very popular in Italy and in the United States around the 1980s, when it was offered to discothèque customers. The recipe thus became an icon of the fashionable cuisine of the time, which preferred the use of cream in first courses. Penne alla vodka remains popular in Italian-American cuisine.

Porchetta is a savory, fatty, and moist boneless pork roast of Italian culinary tradition. The carcass is deboned and spitted or roasted traditionally over wood for at least eight hours, fat and skin still on. In some traditions, porchetta is stuffed with liver and wild fennel, although many versions do not involve stuffing. Porchetta is usually heavily salted and can be stuffed with garlic, rosemary, fennel, or other herbs, often wild. Porchetta has been selected by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policy as a prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale (PAT), one of a list of traditional Italian foods held to have cultural relevance. Although popular in the whole country, porchetta originated in central Italy, with Ariccia (in the province of Rome) being the town most closely associated with it. Elsewhere, it is considered a celebratory dish. Across Italy, porchetta is usually sold by pitchmen with their typically white-painted vans, especially during public displays or holidays, and it can be served in a panini. It is a common street food in Rome and Lazio served as a filling for pizza bianca (lit. 'white pizza'). It is also eaten as a meat dish in many households or as part of a picnic.

Rosemary chicken is a dish typically made with chicken breasts seasoned with rosemary, garlic, and other ingredients, then baked until tender and juicy. It can be served with various sides and is known for its flavorful and aromatic qualities.

Broken up samosas with chickpea curry, chutney, yogurt and garnished with cilantro, pomegranate seeds

Scaloppine is a type of Italian dish that comes in many forms. It consists of thinly sliced meat, most often beef, veal, or chicken, that is dredged in wheat flour and sautéed in one of a variety of reduction sauces. The sauce accompanying scaloppine can come in many varieties according to regional gastronomic traditions. Popular variations include tomato-wine reduction; scaloppine al limone or piccata, which denotes a caper-and-lemon sauce; scaloppine ai funghi, a mushroom-wine reduction; and pizzaiola, a pizza-style tomato sauce.

Steamed fish is a classic Chinese dish appreciated for its simplicity and the preservation of the fish's natural flavors. Typically, a whole fresh fish is steamed with ingredients like ginger, scallions, and a drizzle of soy sauce, allowing the subtle taste of the fish to shine through while enhancing it with aromatic flavors.

Hot and sour fish soup with pickled mustard greens

A pot pie or potpie is a type of savory pie, usually a meat pie, covered by a pie crust consisting of flaky pastry. Pot pies may be made with a variety of fillings including poultry, beef, seafood or plant-based meat substitute fillings, and may also differ in the types of crust. In the 16th century, the English gentry revived the custom of serving pies and the tradition soon swept the country.[citation needed] A British food commenter once described them as, "which they bake in pasties, and this venison pasty is a dainty rarely found in any other kingdom." The meat pies made by the English of that era included various meats such as pork, lamb, birds and game. During the reign of Elizabeth I, English cooks made pies using “chicken peepers,” which consisted of chicks stuffed with gooseberries. Soon after the pies spread across Europe, early European American settlers took them to the New World. Pot pie can be prepared in a variety of ways including in a baking dish in an oven, or in a pie iron over a campfire. There are numerous other types of pot pies including taco, coconut curry chicken, and steak and mushroom. The pie shell and crust can be made from scratch or can be fashioned from store-bought pie crust or biscuit dough and includes ingredients such as butter, lard, olive oil, flour, and shortening. Once prepared and served, the pot pie leftovers can be stored in the freezer for later consumption.

Albert's Leap Bel Haven Triple Crème Brie is a luxurious soft cheese from Ontario, known for its creamy texture and mild flavor, making it ideal for cheese platters and gourmet recipes. It has a white, bloomy rind and is often described as velvety with hints of butter and nuts.

Cheese made by Bright Cheese & Butter Mfg.

Canadian blueberry blossom honey is a type of honey produced from the nectar of blueberry blossoms. It is known for its rich, buttery texture and fruity flavor, often described as having notes of jasmine, violet, and citrus.

The potato is a starchy tuberous vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are underground tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae.

Brick cheese is a cheese originating in Wisconsin, United States, made in brick-shaped form due to using actual bricks to form the shape. The color ranges from pale yellow to white with an orange rind. When unaged, this cheese has a sweet, mild flavor and is suitable for melting; after aging it has a stronger smell and a more nutty taste. Brick cheese was originally produced in Wisconsin beginning in 1877. The cheese-making process was derived from white American Cheddar that is cultured at a slightly higher temperature, which results in a marginally higher fat content and a slightly altered protein structure. The resultant "brick cheese" has a slightly softer texture.

Cream cheese is a soft, usually mild-tasting fresh cheese made from milk and cream. Cream cheese is not naturally matured and is meant to be consumed fresh, so it differs from other soft cheeses such as Brie and Neufchâtel. It is more comparable in taste, texture, and production methods to Boursin and mascarpone. Stabilizers such as carob bean gum and carrageenan are often added in industrial production. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration defines cream cheese as containing at least 33% milk fat with a moisture content of not more than 55%, and a pH range of 4.4 to 4.9. Similarly, under Canadian Food and Drug Regulations, cream cheese must contain at least 30% milk fat and a maximum of 55% moisture. In other countries, it is defined differently and may need a considerably higher fat content. Cream cheese originated in the United States in the 1870s.

Duxelles is a French cuisine term that refers to a mince of mushrooms, onions, herbs (such as thyme or parsley), and black pepper, sautéed in butter and reduced to a paste. Cream is sometimes used, and some recipes add a dash of madeira or sherry. It is a basic preparation used in stuffings and sauces (notably, beef Wellington) or as a garnish. It can also be filled into a pocket of raw pastry and baked as a savory tart. The flavor depends on the mushrooms used. For example, wild porcini mushrooms have a much stronger flavor than white or brown mushrooms.

5-year aged cheddar made by St. Albert Cheese Cooperative

Cheddar cheese made by Gay Lea Foods Co-operative Ivanhoe Cheese

Fiddleheads or fiddlehead greens are the furled fronds from a fledgling fern, harvested for use as a vegetable. Left on the plant, each fiddlehead would unroll into a new frond . As fiddleheads are harvested early in the season, before the frond has opened and reached its full height, they are cut fairly close to the ground. Fiddleheads from brackens contain ptaquiloside, a compound associated with bracken toxicity, and thiaminase. Not all species contain ptaquiloside, such as Diplazium esculentum, a fern with fiddleheads regularly consumed in parts of East Asia, which differs from bracken (Pteridium aquilinum).

A semi-hard Swiss-style washed rind cow's milk cheese from Gunn's Hill Artisan Cheese in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada

Cheese made by Finica Food Specialties

Washed rind cow's milk cheese made by Gunn's Hill Artisan Cheese

Butternut squash , known in Australia and New Zealand as butternut pumpkin or gramma, is a type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the blossom end. When ripening, the flesh turns increasingly deep orange due to its rich content of beta-carotene, a provitamin A compound. Although botanically a fruit (specifically, a berry), butternut squash is used culinarily as a vegetable that can be roasted, sautéed, puréed for soups such as squash soup, or mashed to be used in casseroles, breads, muffins, and pies. It is part of the same squash family as ponca, waltham, pumpkin, and calabaza.

Cheese made by Maple Dale Cheese

Montreal steak seasoning, also known as Montreal steak spice, is a spice mix used to flavour steak and grilled meats. It is based on the dry-rub mix used in preparing Montreal smoked meat, which comes from the Romanian pastramă , introduced to Montreal by Romanian Jewish immigrants.[citation needed] The primary constituents of Montreal steak seasoning include garlic, coriander, black pepper, cayenne pepper flakes, dill seed, and salt. The spice mix recipe varies slightly among restaurants and manufacturers. The Montreal deli Schwartz's is credited with the creation of Montreal steak seasoning. It is rumoured that during the 1940s and 1950s, a Schwartz's broilerman by the name of Morris "The Shadow" Sherman began adding the deli's smoked meat pickling spices to his own rib and liver steaks. Soon the customers began asking for the same. Due to its popularity, it eventually became a norm in Montreal delis and steakhouses.

Mountainoak Farmstead Premium Dutch Aged cheese, particularly their Farmstead GOLD, is a multi-award-winning Gouda known for its slightly sweet and nutty flavor, with hints of butterscotch and caramel. It is aged for 15-18 months, making it a popular choice for cheese boards and various dishes.

Mountainoak Farmstead Premium Dutch Aged cheese, particularly their Farmstead GOLD, is a multi-award-winning Gouda known for its slightly sweet and nutty flavor, with hints of butterscotch and caramel. It is aged for 15-18 months, making it a popular choice for cheese boards and various dishes.

Mountainoak Farmstead Premium Dutch Gouda cheese is a high-quality cheese made in Ontario, known for its rich flavor and creamy texture. It has won multiple awards, including the Grand Champion at various cheese competitions.

Mozzarella ball made by International Cheese

Oaxaca cheese (/wəˈhɑːkə/ wə-HAH-kə), also known as quesillo and queso de hebra, is a white, semihard, low-fat cheese that originated in Mexico. It is similar to unaged Monterey Jack, but with a texture similar to mozzarella or string cheese. It is named after the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico, where it was first made. The string cheese process was brought to Mexico by the Dominican friars that settled in Oaxaca. The cheese is available in several different shapes. The name "quesillo" is the one given by the region where it originated, then it adopted the name of Oaxaca cheese, the only real difference lies in where this dairy product was produced or where it is purchased, but in essence it is the same thing. However, there are those who believe that it would be better to keep the name Oaxaca cheese because this denomination would make this state famous outside the country and, like manchego cheese, gouda cheese or others, the name would be associated with a specific place.

Cheese made by Bright Cheese & Butter Mfg.

Cheese made by Maple Dale Cheese

Peameal bacon is a wet-cured, unsmoked back bacon made from trimmed lean boneless pork loin rolled in cornmeal. It is found mainly in Ontario. Toronto pork packer William Davies, who moved to Canada from England in 1854, is credited with its development. The name "peameal bacon" derives from the historic practice of rolling the cured and trimmed boneless loin in dried and ground yellow peas to extend shelf life. Since the end of World War I, it has been rolled in ground yellow cornmeal. Peameal bacon sandwiches, consisting of cooked peameal bacon on a Kaiser roll and sometimes topped with mustard or other toppings, are often considered a signature dish of Toronto, particularly from Toronto's St. Lawrence Market.

A molded lemon-flavored gelatin salad made with shredded carrot, celery, cabbage, bell peppers, pimiento

Potato bread is a form of bread in which potato flour or potato replaces a portion of the regular wheat flour. It is cooked in a variety of ways, including baking it on a hot griddle or pan, or in an oven. It may be leavened or unleavened, and may have a variety of other ingredients baked into it. The ratio of potato to wheat flour varies significantly from recipe to recipe, with some recipes having a majority of potato, and others having a majority of wheat flour. Some recipes call for mashed potatoes, with others calling for dehydrated potato flakes. It is available as a commercial product in many countries, with similar variations in ingredients, cooking methods, and other variables. Potato bread goes by many regional names, including slims, fadge, potato cake, potato farls, and tatie bread in Ireland. "Potato cake" can actually refer to numerous dishes. Brazilian potato bread is usually a light airy bread, made in small round loaves with potatoes or potato flour mixed with wheat flour, milk, eggs and yeast and then baked. It can also be found with Catupiry filling and is usually consumed as a snack all over the country.

Cheese made by Quality Cheese

Roti is a round flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is commonly consumed in many South Asian, Southeast Asian, Caribbean, and Southeast African countries. It is made from stoneground whole-wheat flour, traditionally known as gehu ka atta, combined into a dough with added water. Its defining characteristic is that it is unleavened. Naan from the Indian subcontinent, by contrast, is a yeast-leavened bread, as is kulcha. Like breads around the world, roti is a staple accompaniment to other foods.

Serve with luganighe sausage

Creamy garlic and herb sauce, used with frites (fries), pitas, kebabs

Suman, or budbud, is an elongated rice cake originating in the Philippines. It is made from glutinous rice cooked in coconut milk, often wrapped in banana leaves, coconut leaves, or buli or buri palm leaves for steaming. It is usually eaten sprinkled with sugar or laden with latik. A widespread variant of suman uses cassava instead of glutinous rice. There are numerous varieties of suman, with almost every town or locality having its speciality. Some are described below:

Dipping sauce found at Swiss Chalet restaurants across Canada, good with rotisserie chicken, fries

Taftan or taftoon is a leavened flour bread from Iran, introduced to Kuwaiti and South Asian cuisines. It is made with refined flour, milk, yoghurt, and eggs and baked in a clay oven. It is sometimes flavoured with saffron and a small amount of cardamom powder, and may be decorated with seeds such as poppy seeds.

Thrills is a Canadian brand of chewing gum. It was originally produced by the O-Pee-Chee company of London, Ontario, Canada which was subsequently bought by Nestlé in the late 1980s. It is known for its purple colour and distinctive flavour. Comparisons of its flavour to soap are so prevalent that recent packaging states "IT STILL TASTES LIKE SOAP!". Thrills once came in a paper envelope or blister pack, but now comes in a cardboard package similar to a Chiclets box. It is now made in Spain for Tootsie Roll Industries. There are ten pieces of gum in each package and each package has the dimensions of 22 x 9.8 x 4.7 cm.

Cheese made by Gunn's Hill Artisan Cheese

Tornado potatoes — also called rotato potato, spring potato, twist potatoes, potato twisters, potato swirl, spiral potato, potato on a stick, tornado fries, or chips on a stick (in Australia) — are a popular street food in South Korea, originally developed by Jeong Eun Suk of Agricultural Hoeori Inc. in 2013. It is a deep fried spiral-cut whole potato on a skewer, similar to a French fry, brushed with various seasonings such as onion, cheese, or honey. Some varieties have spliced sausages in between. In Australia, tornado potatoes are known as "chips on a stick", as "chips" refers to both fries and crisps in Australian English. They are popular at several events, including agricultural shows and carnivals, such as the Sydney Royal Easter Show.

Cheese made by Arla Foods

Cheese made by Arla Foods

Macaroni salad with tuna