Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Ratzinger in Germany in 1927, served as pontiff from 2005 to 2013, becoming the first pope in nearly 600 years to resign, citing declining health. A theological scholar and conservative, he led the Catholic Church during a time of crisis. Known for his intellectual writings, like the "Jesus of Nazareth" series, he emphasized traditional doctrine and the importance of faith in a secularizing world. His papacy bridged continuity from John Paul II, but his reserved demeanor contrasted with his predecessor’s charisma, earning him a quieter legacy.