Main

Abalone

Abalone ( (listen) or ; via spanish abulón, from rumsen aulón) is a common name for any of a group of small to very large marine gastropod molluscs in the family haliotidae. other common names are ear shells, sea ears, and, rarely, muttonfish or muttonshells in parts of australia, ormer in the uk, perlemoen in south africa, and the maori name for three species in new zealand is pāua. abalones are marine snails. their taxonomy puts them in the family haliotidae, which contains only one genus, haliotis, which once contained six subgenera. these subgenera have become alternate representations of haliotis. the number of species recognized worldwide ranges between 30 and 130 with over 230 species-level taxa described. the most comprehensive treatment of the family considers 56 species valid, with 18 additional subspecies. the shells of abalones have a low, open spiral structure, and are characterized by several open respiratory pores in a row near the shell's outer edge. the thick inner layer of the shell is composed of nacre (mother-of-pearl), which in many species is highly iridescent, giving rise to a range of strong, changeable colors which make the shells attractive to humans as decorative objects, jewelry, and as a source of colorful mother-of-pearl. the flesh of abalones is widely considered to be a desirable food, and is consumed raw or cooked by a variety of cultures.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Apple

An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (malus domestica). apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus malus. the tree originated in central asia, where its wild ancestor, malus sieversii, is still found today. apples have been grown for thousands of years in asia and europe and were brought to north america by european colonists. apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including norse, greek, and european christian tradition. apples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. generally, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the size of the resulting tree, allowing for easier harvesting. there are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw, and cider production. trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial, and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. in 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production. worldwide production of apples in 2018 was 86 million tonnes, with china accounting for nearly half of the total.

Dessert, Sweet

Apple cake

Apple cakes are cakes in which apples feature as a main flavour and ingredient. such cakes incorporate apples in a variety of forms, including diced, pureed, or stewed, and can include common additions like raisins, nuts, and 'sweet' spices such as cinnamon or nutmeg. they are a common and popular dessert worldwide, thanks to millennia of apple cultivation in asia and europe, and their widespread introduction and propagation throughout the americas during the columbian exchange and colonisation. as a result, apple desserts, including cakes, have a huge number of variations. apples are also used in other cakes to add moisture and sweetness, often as a partial substitute for refined sugar.

Dessert, Sweet

Apple crisp

Apple crisp is a dessert made with a streusel topping. in the us and canada, it is also called apple crumble, a word which refers to a different dessert in the uk, australia, and new zealand.ingredients usually include cooked apples, butter, sugar, flour, cinnamon, and often oats and brown sugar, ginger, and/or nutmeg. one of the most common variants is apple rhubarb crisp, in which the rhubarb provides a tart contrast to the apples. many other kinds of fruit crisps are made. these may substitute other fruits, such as peaches, berries, or pears, for the apples.

Dessert, Sweet

Apple crumble

Apple crisp is a dessert made with a streusel topping. in the us and canada, it is also called apple crumble, a word which refers to a different dessert in the uk, australia, and new zealand.ingredients usually include cooked apples, butter, sugar, flour, cinnamon, and often oats and brown sugar, ginger, and/or nutmeg. one of the most common variants is apple rhubarb crisp, in which the rhubarb provides a tart contrast to the apples. many other kinds of fruit crisps are made. these may substitute other fruits, such as peaches, berries, or pears, for the apples.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ashgrove Mature cheddar

Breakfast

Bacon and egg pie

The bacon and egg pie is a savoury pie consisting of a crust containing bacon, egg and sometimes onion, mushrooms, bell peppers, peas, tomato, fresh herbs and cheese. it is popular in new zealand. bacon and egg pie may be served with ketchup, which can be combined with worcestershire sauce and drizzled over the filling before the pie is baked and some versions have a rising agent such as baking powder mixed into the egg to make a fluffier filling.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Black truffles

A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean ascomycete fungus, predominantly one of the many species of the genus tuber. in addition to tuber, many other genera of fungi are classified as truffles including geopora, peziza, choiromyces, leucangium, and over a hundred others. these genera belong to the class pezizomycetes and the pezizales order. several truffle-like basidiomycetes are excluded from pezizales, including rhizopogon and glomus. truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi, so are usually found in close association with tree roots. spore dispersal is accomplished through fungivores, animals that eat fungi. these fungi have significant ecological roles in nutrient cycling and drought tolerance. some of the truffle species are highly prized as food. french gastronome jean anthelme brillat-savarin called truffles "the diamond of the kitchen". edible truffles are used in italian, french and numerous other national haute cuisines. truffles are cultivated and harvested from natural environments.

Dessert, Sweet

Caramel slice

Caramel shortbread, also known as caramel squares, caramel slice, millionaire's shortbread, millionaire's slice, chocolate caramel shortbread, and wellington squares is a biscuit confectionery item composed of a rectangular, triangular or circular shortbread biscuit base topped with caramel and milk chocolate. multiple variations exist which substitute or add ingredients to cater to different tastes, dietary requirements or ingredient availability.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. it comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. during production, milk is usually acidified and the enzymes of either rennet or bacterial enzymes with similar activity are added to cause the casein to coagulate. the solid curds are then separated from the liquid whey and pressed into finished cheese. some cheeses have aromatic molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout. over a thousand types of cheese exist and are produced in various countries. their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and how long they have been aged for. herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents. the yellow to red color of many cheeses is produced by adding annatto. other ingredients may be added to some cheeses, such as black pepper, garlic, chives or cranberries. a cheesemonger, or specialist seller of cheeses, may have expertise with selecting the cheeses, purchasing, receiving, storing and ripening them.for a few cheeses, the milk is curdled by adding acids such as vinegar or lemon juice. most cheeses are acidified to a lesser degree by bacteria, which turn milk sugars into lactic acid, then the addition of rennet completes the curdling. vegetarian alternatives to rennet are available; most are produced by fermentation of the fungus mucor miehei, but others have been extracted from various species of the cynara thistle family. non-vegetarian cheese has a high carbon footprint. cheesemakers near a dairy region may benefit from fresher, lower-priced milk, and lower shipping costs. cheese is valued for its portability, long shelf life, and high content of fat, protein, calcium, and phosphorus. cheese is more compact and has a longer shelf life than milk, although how long a cheese will keep depends on the type of cheese. hard cheeses, such as parmesan, last longer than soft cheeses, such as brie or goat's milk cheese. the long storage life of some cheeses, especially when encased in a protective rind, allows selling when markets are favorable. vacuum packaging of block-shaped cheeses and gas-flushing of plastic bags with mixtures of carbon dioxide and nitrogen are used for storage and mass distribution of cheeses in the 21st century.

Dessert, Sweet

Chocolate tart

Chocolate tart, also known as chocolate cream pie, is a dessert consisting of dark chocolate, cream and eggs, beaten together, poured into a crisp, sweetened pastry shell and baked until firm. it is considered a form of custard tart because it includes an egg-based filling. the dish is similar in composition to chocolate mousse, however, being baked gives the chocolate tart a firmer texture. due to the cost of the ingredients and difficulty of making the pastry, the dish was, until recently (2016), relatively rare except in upscale cafés. it has many variants, and is considered a gourmet dessert. an early 19th century book for "opulent families" featured a chocolate tart recipe that included cinnamon and lemon peel, taken from a 1770 book.in australia the chocolate tart came to national attention after being featured on the first series of masterchef australia in 2009. subsequently, billed as "australia's most famous dessert", a chocolate tart recipe became one of the deciding factors in determining the winner of the series final, although the recipe had been simplified from the original for the show. the dessert has also featured on british tv series the naked chef, in which jamie oliver cooked a chocolate tart for a romantic meal with his girlfriend (and future wife).

Main

Clam

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. the word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds. clams have two shells of equal size connected by two adductor muscles and have a powerful burrowing foot. they live in both freshwater and marine environments; in salt water they prefer to burrow down into the mud and the turbidity of the water required varies with species and location; the greatest diversity of these is in north america.clams in the culinary sense do not live attached to a substrate (whereas oysters and mussels do) and do not live near the bottom (whereas scallops do). in culinary usage, clams are commonly eaten marine bivalves, as in clam digging and the resulting soup, clam chowder. many edible clams such as palourde clams are ovoid or triangular; however, razor clams have an elongated parallel-sided shell, suggesting an old-fashioned straight razor.some clams have life cycles of only one year, while at least one may be over 500 years old. all clams have two calcareous shells or valves joined near a hinge with a flexible ligament and all are filter feeders.

Main

Crayfish

Spiny lobsters, also known as langustas, langouste, or rock lobsters, are a family (palinuridae) of about 60 species of achelate crustaceans, in the decapoda reptantia. spiny lobsters are also, especially in australia, new zealand, ireland, south africa, and the bahamas, called crayfish, sea crayfish, or crawfish ("kreef" in south africa), terms which elsewhere are reserved for freshwater crayfish.

Main

Fish

Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. fish has been an important dietary source of protein and other nutrients throughout human history. the english language does not have a special culinary name for food prepared from fish like with other animals (as with pig vs. pork), or as in other languages (such as spanish pescado vs. pez). in culinary and fishery contexts, fish may include so-called shellfish such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms; more expansively, seafood covers both fish and other marine life used as food.since 1961, the average annual increase in global apparent food fish consumption (3.2 percent) has outpaced population growth (1.6 percent) and exceeded consumption of meat from all terrestrial animals, combined (2.8 percent) and individually (bovine, ovine, porcine, etc.), except poultry (4.9 percent). in per capita terms, food fish consumption has grown from 9.0 kg (19.8 lb) in 1961 to 20.2 kg (45 lb) in 2015, at an average rate of about 1.5 percent per year. the expansion in consumption has been driven not only by increased production, but also by a combination of many other factors, including reduced wastage, better utilization, improved distribution channels and growing consumer demand, linked with population growth, rising disposable incomes and urbanization.europe, japan and the united states of america together accounted for 47 percent of the world's total food fish consumption in 1961, but only about 20 percent in 2015. of the global total of 149 million tonnes in 2015, asia consumed more than two-thirds (106 million tonnes at 24.0 kg per capita). oceania and africa consumed the lowest share. the shift is the result of structural changes in the sector and in particular the growing role of asian countries in fish production, as well as a significant gap between the economic growth rates of the world's more mature fish markets and those of many increasingly important emerging markets around the world, particularly in asia.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Honey

Leatherwood honey

Dessert, Sweet

Jelly slice

Jelly slice is an australian and new zealand dessert which consists of three layers: a crust, a filling and a topping. the crust is made out of crushed arnott's biscuits, the filling is usually sweetened condensed milk, and the topping is made from aeroplane jelly. jelly slices originated in australia, and are popular desserts especially around christmas and easter time, although they are also eaten throughout the year.despite its popularity in australia and new zealand the dessert is not found around other parts of the world, but other countries have similar style desserts.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Lemonade scones

Scones made with australian/uk lemonade, which is lemon-flavored carbonated soda, similar to sprite or 7-up in the united states, serve with jam and thickened cream

Drink

Milo

Milo ( my-loh; stylised as milo) is a chocolate-flavoured malted powder product produced by nestlé, typically mixed with milk, hot water, or both, to produce a beverage. it was originally developed in australia by thomas mayne in 1934. most commonly sold as a powder in a green can, often depicting various sporting activities, milo is available as a premixed beverage in some countries and has been subsequently developed into a snack bar, breakfast cereal and protein granola. its composition and taste differ from country to country. milo maintains significant popularity in a diverse range of countries throughout the world, particularly in australasia, asia, and africa.

Main

Mt Gnomon pastry

Mt gnomon shredded pork and dover cherries pastry

Main

Ocean trout

The rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is a trout and species of salmonid native to cold-water tributaries of the pacific ocean in asia and north america. the steelhead (sometimes called "steelhead trout") is an anadromous (sea-run) form of the coastal rainbow trout (o. m. irideus) or columbia river redband trout (o. m. gairdneri) that usually returns to fresh water to spawn after living two to three years in the ocean. freshwater forms that have been introduced into the great lakes and migrate into tributaries to spawn are also called steelhead. adult freshwater stream rainbow trout average between 0.5 and 2.5 kilograms (1 and 5 lb), while lake-dwelling and anadromous forms may reach 9 kg (20 lb). coloration varies widely based on subspecies, forms and habitat. adult fish are distinguished by a broad reddish stripe along the lateral line, from gills to the tail, which is most vivid in breeding males. wild-caught and hatchery-reared forms of the species have been transplanted and introduced for food or sport in at least 45 countries and every continent except antarctica. introductions to locations outside their native range in the united states, southern europe, australia, new zealand and south america have damaged native fish species. introduced populations may affect native species by preying on them, out-competing them, transmitting contagious diseases (such as whirling disease), or hybridizing with closely related species and subspecies, thus reducing genetic purity. the rainbow trout is included in the list of the top 100 globally invasive species. other introductions into waters previously devoid of fish or with severely depleted stocks of native fish have created sport fisheries, such as the great lakes and wyoming's firehole river. some local populations of specific subspecies, or in the case of steelhead, distinct population segments, are listed as either threatened or endangered under the endangered species act. the steelhead is the official state fish of washington.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Olive oil

Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives (the fruit of olea europaea; family oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the mediterranean basin, produced by pressing whole olives and extracting the oil. it is commonly used in cooking: for frying foods or as a salad dressing. it can be found in some cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, soaps, and fuels for traditional oil lamps. it also has additional uses in some religions. the olive is one of three core food plants in mediterranean cuisine; the other two are wheat and grapes. olive trees have been grown around the mediterranean since the 8th millennium bc. spain accounts for almost half of global olive oil production; other major producers are portugal, italy, tunisia, greece, morocco and turkey. per capita consumption is highest in greece, followed by italy and spain. the composition of olive oil varies with the cultivar, altitude, time of harvest, and extraction process. it consists mainly of oleic acid (up to 83%), with smaller amounts of other fatty acids including linoleic acid (up to 21%) and palmitic acid (up to 20%). extra virgin olive oil is required to have no more than 0.8% free acidity and is considered to have favorable flavor characteristics.

Main

Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. in some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily ostreoidea. some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.

Breakfast

Pikelet

Small griddle cake

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Roaring Forties Blue cheese

Main

Salmon

Salmon () is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family salmonidae. other fish in the same family include trout, char, grayling, and whitefish. salmon are native to tributaries of the north atlantic (genus salmo) and pacific ocean (genus oncorhynchus). many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the great lakes of north america and patagonia in south america. salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world.typically, salmon are anadromous: they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce. however, populations of several species are restricted to fresh water throughout their lives. folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn. tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true. a portion of a returning salmon run may stray and spawn in different freshwater systems; the percent of straying depends on the species of salmon. homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory.

Drink

Sarsaparilla

Sarsaparilla (uk: , us also ) is a soft drink originally made from the vine smilax ornata (also called 'sarsaparilla') or other species of smilax such as smilax officinalis. in most southeast asian countries, it is known by the common name sarsi, and the trademarks sarsi and sarsae. it is similar in flavour to root beer. in the us, traditional sarsaparilla is not made with the tropical sarsaparilla plant, but instead with birch oil.

Main

Scallop

Scallop () is a common name that encompasses various species of marine bivalve mollusks (saltwater clams) in the taxonomic family pectinidae, the scallops. however, the common name "scallop" is also sometimes applied to species in other closely related families within the superfamily pectinoidea, which also includes the thorny oysters. scallops are a cosmopolitan family of bivalves which are found in all of the world's oceans, although never in fresh water. they are one of very few groups of bivalves to be primarily "free-living", with many species capable of rapidly swimming short distances and even of migrating some distance across the ocean floor. a small minority of scallop species live cemented to rocky substrates as adults, while others attach themselves to stationary or rooted objects such as sea grass at some point in their lives by means of a filament they secrete called a byssal thread. the majority of species, however, live recumbent on sandy substrates, and when they sense the presence of a predator such as a starfish, they may attempt to escape by swimming swiftly but erratically through the water using jet propulsion created by repeatedly clapping their shells together. scallops have a well-developed nervous system, and unlike most other bivalves all scallops have a ring of numerous simple eyes situated around the edge of their mantles. many species of scallops are highly prized as a food source, and some are farmed as aquaculture. the word "scallop" is also applied to the meat of these bivalves, the adductor muscle, that is sold as seafood. the brightly coloured, symmetric, fan-shaped shells of scallops with their radiating and often fluted ornamentation are valued by shell collectors, and have been used since ancient times as motifs in art, architecture, and design. owing to their widespread distribution, scallop shells are a common sight on beaches and are often brightly coloured, making them a popular object to collect among beachcombers and vacationers. the shells also have a significant place in popular culture, including symbolism.

Main

Scallop pie

Scallops and vegetables in a creamy curry sauce inside a butter pastry shell

Main

Sea urchin

Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class echinoidea. about 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone — from the intertidal seashore down to 5,000 metres (16,000 ft; 2,700 fathoms). the spherical, hard shells (tests) of sea urchins are round and spiny, ranging in diameter from 3 to 10 cm (1 to 4 in). sea urchins move slowly, crawling with tube feet, and also propel themselves with their spines. although algae are the primary diet, sea urchins also eat slow-moving (sessile) animals. in the food chain, the predators who eat sea urchins are the sea otter and the starfish, the wolf eel, the triggerfish, and human beings. adult sea urchins have fivefold symmetry, but their pluteus larvae feature bilateral (mirror) symmetry, indicating that the sea urchin belongs to the bilateria group of animal phyla, which also comprises the chordates and the arthropods, the annelids and the molluscs, and are found in every ocean and in every climate, from the tropics to the polar regions, and inhabit marine benthic (sea bed) habitats, from rocky shores to hadal zone depths. the fossil record of the echinoids dates from the ordovician period, some 450 million years ago; the closest echinoderm relatives of the sea urchin are the sea cucumbers (holothuroidea); both are deuterostomes, a clade that includes the chordates. the animals have been studied since the 19th century as model organisms in developmental biology, as their embryos were easy to observe; this has continued with studies of their genomes because of their unusual fivefold symmetry and relationship to chordates. species such as the slate pencil urchin are popular in aquariums, where they are useful for controlling algae. fossil urchins have been used as protective amulets.

Dessert, Sweet

Vanilla slice

A vanilla slice is a type of pastry. it consists of a thick custard, which is traditionally flavoured with vanilla or chocolate, and which is sandwiched between flaky puff pastry or filo pastry and iced with either vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, raspberry or passion fruit icing.the australian vanilla slice has been described as a uniquely australian food, but comparisons have been drawn to the mille-feuille, which may have originated in france.an annual competition for the best vanilla slice baker is the great australian vanilla slice triumph. judging criteria include "when tasted, should reveal a custard with a creamy smooth texture and a balance of vanilla taste with a crisp, crunchy pastry topped with a smooth and shiny glaze/fondant". although it was originally held in ouyen, victoria, in 2011 the town decided to award the rights to host the great vanilla slice triumph to another town in the sunraysia district – merbein, in northwest victoria.

Drink

Whisky

Whisky or whiskey is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, which are often old sherry casks or may also be made of charred white oak. whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. the typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and ageing in wooden barrels.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Wicked brie