Main

Arctic char

The arctic char or arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) is a cold-water fish in the family salmonidae, native to alpine lakes and arctic and subarctic coastal waters. its distribution is circumpolar north. it spawns in freshwater and populations can be lacustrine, riverine, or anadromous, where they return from the ocean to their fresh water birth rivers to spawn. no other freshwater fish is found as far north; it is, for instance, the only fish species in lake hazen on ellesmere island in the canadian arctic. it is one of the rarest fish species in great britain and ireland, found mainly in deep, cold, glacial lakes, and is at risk from acidification. in other parts of its range, such as the nordic countries, it is much more common, and is fished extensively. in siberia, it is known as golets (russian: голец) and it has been introduced in lakes where it sometimes threatens less hardy endemic species, such as the small-mouth char and the long-finned char in elgygytgyn lake. the arctic char is closely related to both salmon and lake trout, and has many characteristics of both. the fish is highly variable in colour, depending on the time of year and the environmental conditions of the lake where it lives. the appearance of arctic char differs between populations. the dorsal side of the arctic char is dark in its colour while the ventral varies from red, yellow, and white.arctic char has a distinct size dimorphism, dwarf and giant. dwarf arctic char weigh between 0.2 and 2.3 kg (7 oz and 5 lb 1 oz) and average a length of 8 cm (3 in), while giant arctic char weigh between 2.3 and 4.5 kg (5 lb 1 oz and 9 lb 15 oz) and average 40 cm (16 in) in length. individual fish can weigh 9 kg (20 lb) or more with record-sized fish having been taken by anglers in northern canada, where it is known as iqaluk or tariungmiutaq in inuktitut. generally, whole market-sized fish are between 1 and 2.5 kg (2 lb 3 oz and 5 lb 8 oz). male and female arctic char are the same size.the flesh colour can range from a bright red to a pale pink.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Banana bread

Banana bread is a type of bread made from mashed bananas. it is often a moist, sweet, cake-like quick bread; however there are some banana bread recipes that are yeast raised breads.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bannock

Bannock is a variety of flat quick bread or any large, round article baked or cooked from grain. a bannock is usually cut into sections before serving.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Berries

A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, red currants, white currants and blackcurrants. in britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.in common usage, the term "berry" differs from the scientific or botanical definition of a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp). the botanical definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known or referred to as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, bananas, and chili peppers. fruits commonly considered berries but excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits and mulberries, which are multiple fruits. watermelons and pumpkins are giant berries that fall into the category "pepos". a plant bearing berries is said to be bacciferous or baccate. berries are eaten worldwide and often used in jams, preserves, cakes, or pies. some berries are commercially important. the berry industry varies from country to country as do types of berries cultivated or growing in the wild. some berries such as raspberries and strawberries have been bred for hundreds of years and are distinct from their wild counterparts, while other berries, such as lingonberries and cloudberries, grow almost exclusively in the wild. while many berries are edible, some are poisonous to humans, such as deadly nightshade and pokeweed. others, such as the white mulberry, red mulberry, and elderberry, are poisonous when unripe, but are edible when ripe.

Main

Caribou

The reindeer (rangifer tarandus), also known as the caribou in north america, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of northern europe, siberia, and north america. this includes both sedentary and migratory populations. it is the only representative of the genus rangifer. herd size varies greatly in different geographic regions. r. tarandus varies in size and colour from the smallest subspecies, the svalbard reindeer, to the largest, the boreal woodland caribou. the north american range of caribou extends from alaska through the yukon, the northwest territories and nunavut into the boreal forest and south through the canadian rockies. the barren-ground caribou, porcupine caribou, and peary caribou live in the tundra, while the shy boreal woodland caribou prefer the boreal forest. the porcupine caribou and the barren-ground caribou form large herds and undertake lengthy seasonal migrations from birthing grounds to summer and winter feeding grounds in the tundra and taiga. the migrations of porcupine caribou herds are among the longest of any mammal. barren-ground caribou are also found in kitaa in greenland, but the larger herds are in alaska, the northwest territories, and nunavut.the taimyr herd of migrating siberian tundra reindeer (r. t. sibiricus) in russia is the largest wild reindeer herd in the world, varying between 400,000 and 1,000,000. what was once the second largest herd is the migratory boreal woodland caribou (r. t. caribou) george river herd in canada, with former variations between 28,000 and 385,000. as of january 2018, there are fewer than 9,000 animals estimated to be left in the george river herd, as reported by the canadian broadcasting corporation. the new york times reported in april 2018 of the disappearance of the only herd of southern mountain woodland caribou in the contiguous united states with an expert calling it "functionally extinct" after the herd's size dwindled to a mere three animals. after the last individual, a female, was translocated to a wildlife rehabilitation centre in canada, the woodland caribou was considered extirpated from the contiguous united states.some subspecies are rare and two have already become extinct: the queen charlotte islands caribou of canada and the east greenland caribou from east greenland. historically, the range of the sedentary boreal woodland caribou covered more than half of canada and into the northern states of the contiguous united states. woodland caribou have disappeared from most of their original southern range and were designated as threatened in 2002 by the committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada (cosewic). environment canada reported in 2011 that there were approximately 34,000 boreal woodland caribou in 51 ranges remaining in canada (environment canada, 2011b). siberian tundra reindeer herds are also in decline, and rangifer tarandus is considered to be vulnerable by the iucn. arctic peoples have depended on caribou for food, clothing, and shelter, such as the caribou inuit, the inland-dwelling inuit of the kivalliq region in northern canada, the caribou clan in the yukon, the iñupiat, the inuvialuit, the hän, the northern tutchone, and the gwichʼin (who followed the porcupine caribou for millennia). hunting wild reindeer and herding of semi-domesticated reindeer are important to several arctic and subarctic peoples such as the duhalar for meat, hides, antlers, milk, and transportation. the sámi people (sápmi) have also depended on reindeer herding and fishing for centuries.: iv : 16 : iv  in sápmi, reindeer are used to pull a pulk, a nordic sled. male ("bulls") and female ("cows") reindeer can grow antlers annually, although the proportion of females that grow antlers varies greatly between population and season. antlers are typically larger on males. in traditional united states christmas legend, santa claus's reindeer pull a sleigh through the night sky to help santa claus deliver gifts to good children on christmas eve.

Main

Char

Salvelinus is a genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called "trout". salvelinus is a member of the subfamily salmoninae within the family salmonidae. the genus has a northern circumpolar distribution, and most of its members are typically cold-water fish that primarily inhabit fresh waters. many species also migrate to the sea. most char may be identified by light-cream, pink, or red spots over a darker body. scales tend to be small, with 115-200 along the lateral line. the pectoral, pelvic, anal, and the lower aspect of caudal fins are trimmed in snow white or cream leading edges. many members of this genus are popular sport fish, and a few, such as lake trout (s. namaycush) and arctic char (s. alpinus) are objects of commercial fisheries and/or aquaculture. occasionally, such fish escape and become invasive species. deepwater char are small species of char living below 80 m in the deep areas of certain lakes. they are highly sensitive to changes in the quality of the water and one species, salvelinus neocomensis, was driven to extinction in the twentieth century.

Main

Chili con carne

Chili con carne (also spelled chilli con carne or chile con carne and shortened to chili or chilli; spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃili kon ˈkaɾne]), meaning "chili with meat", is a spicy stew containing chili peppers (sometimes in the form of chili powder), meat (usually beef), tomatoes and often pinto beans or kidney beans. other seasonings may include garlic, onions, and cumin. the dish originated in northern mexico or southern texas.geographic and personal tastes involve different types of meat and other ingredients. recipes provoke disputes among aficionados, some of whom insist that the word chili applies only to the basic dish, without beans and tomatoes. chili con carne is a common dish for cook-offs, and may be used as a side, garnish, or ingredient in other dishes, such as soups or salsas.

Main

Clam

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. the word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds. clams have two shells of equal size connected by two adductor muscles and have a powerful burrowing foot. they live in both freshwater and marine environments; in salt water they prefer to burrow down into the mud and the turbidity of the water required varies with species and location; the greatest diversity of these is in north america.clams in the culinary sense do not live attached to a substrate (whereas oysters and mussels do) and do not live near the bottom (whereas scallops do). in culinary usage, clams are commonly eaten marine bivalves, as in clam digging and the resulting soup, clam chowder. many edible clams such as palourde clams are ovoid or triangular; however, razor clams have an elongated parallel-sided shell, suggesting an old-fashioned straight razor.some clams have life cycles of only one year, while at least one may be over 500 years old. all clams have two calcareous shells or valves joined near a hinge with a flexible ligament and all are filter feeders.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Eskimo potato

The eskimo potato is a type of edible plant that grows in the northern areas of canada and alaska. the plant's scientific name is variously attributed as either claytonia tuberosa (inuit: oatkuk) or hedysarum alpinum (inuit: mashu). both species have a range in the northern area of north america, have edible roots, and have been documented to have been used as a food source by inuit. due to its nutritional qualities, the eskimo potato is one of many edible foods listed in survival guides, such as the us army's field manual survival, and is used in modern times to subsist in nature. christopher mccandless used the plant as a food source in the alaska wilderness.

Main

Flipper pie

Flipper pie is a traditional eastern canadian meat pie made from harp seal flippers. it is similar to a pot pie in that the seal flippers are cooked with vegetables in a thick sauce and then covered with pastry. it is specific to the province of newfoundland and labrador and primarily eaten in april and may, during the annual seal hunt. although in the past, seal flippers were usually acquired directly from the boats that were used for the seal hunt (since they were considered a by-product of the seal fur trade), today they are usually purchased in grocery stores. seal meat has been described as tasting like rabbit or dark meat chicken, and fans of its flavour tend to be people who grew up eating it.

Drink

Labrador tea

Labrador tea is a common name for three closely related plant species in the genus rhododendron as well as an herbal tea made from their leaves. all three species are primarily wetland plants in the heath family. the herbal tea has been a favorite beverage among athabaskan first nations and inuit.

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Muktuk

Muktuk (transliterated in various ways, see below) is a traditional food of the peoples of the arctic, consisting of whale skin and blubber. it is most often made from the bowhead whale, although the beluga and the narwhal are also used. it is usually consumed raw, but can also be eaten frozen, cooked, or pickled.

Main

Muskox

The muskox (ovibos moschatus, in latin "musky sheep-ox"), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox, plural muskoxen or musk oxen (in inuktitut: ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ, umingmak; in woods cree: ᒫᖨᒨᐢ, mâthi-môs, ᒫᖨᒧᐢᑐᐢ, mâthi-mostos), is a hoofed mammal of the family bovidae. native to the arctic, it is noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted by males during the seasonal rut, from which its name derives. this musky odor has the effect of attracting females during mating season. its inuktitut name "umingmak" translates to "the bearded one".its woods cree names "mâthi-môs" and "mâthi-mostos" translate to "ugly moose" and "ugly bison", respectively. muskoxen primarily live in greenland and the canadian arctic of the northwest territories and nunavut, with reintroduced populations in the american state of alaska, the canadian territory of yukon, and siberia, and an introduced population in norway, part of which emigrated to sweden, where a small population now lives.

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Mussel

Mussel () is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats. these groups have in common a shell whose outline is elongated and asymmetrical compared with other edible clams, which are often more or less rounded or oval. the word "mussel" is frequently used to mean the bivalves of the marine family mytilidae, most of which live on exposed shores in the intertidal zone, attached by means of their strong byssal threads ("beard") to a firm substrate. a few species (in the genus bathymodiolus) have colonised hydrothermal vents associated with deep ocean ridges. in most marine mussels the shell is longer than it is wide, being wedge-shaped or asymmetrical. the external colour of the shell is often dark blue, blackish, or brown, while the interior is silvery and somewhat nacreous. the common name "mussel" is also used for many freshwater bivalves, including the freshwater pearl mussels. freshwater mussel species inhabit lakes, ponds, rivers, creeks, canals, and they are classified in a different subclass of bivalves, despite some very superficial similarities in appearance. freshwater zebra mussels and their relatives in the family dreissenidae are not related to previously mentioned groups, even though they resemble many mytilus species in shape, and live attached to rocks and other hard surfaces in a similar manner, using a byssus. they are classified with the heterodonta, the taxonomic group which includes most of the bivalves commonly referred to as "clams".

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Ptarmigan

Lagopus is a small genus of birds in the grouse subfamily commonly known as ptarmigans (). the genus contains three living species with numerous described subspecies, all living in tundra or cold upland areas.

Dessert, Sweet

Pumpkin pie

Pumpkin pie is a dessert pie with a spiced, pumpkin-based custard filling. the pumpkin and pumpkin pie are both a symbol of harvest time, and pumpkin pie is generally eaten during the fall and early winter. in the united states and canada it is usually prepared for thanksgiving, christmas, and other occasions when pumpkin is in season. the pie's filling ranges in color from orange to brown and is baked in a single pie shell, usually without a top crust. the pie is generally flavored with a spice mixture known as pumpkin pie spice, which is made using spices such as ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, and allspice. the pie is usually prepared with canned pumpkin, but fresh-cooked pumpkin can be used.

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Scallop

Scallop () is a common name that encompasses various species of marine bivalve mollusks (saltwater clams) in the taxonomic family pectinidae, the scallops. however, the common name "scallop" is also sometimes applied to species in other closely related families within the superfamily pectinoidea, which also includes the thorny oysters. scallops are a cosmopolitan family of bivalves which are found in all of the world's oceans, although never in fresh water. they are one of very few groups of bivalves to be primarily "free-living", with many species capable of rapidly swimming short distances and even of migrating some distance across the ocean floor. a small minority of scallop species live cemented to rocky substrates as adults, while others attach themselves to stationary or rooted objects such as sea grass at some point in their lives by means of a filament they secrete called a byssal thread. the majority of species, however, live recumbent on sandy substrates, and when they sense the presence of a predator such as a starfish, they may attempt to escape by swimming swiftly but erratically through the water using jet propulsion created by repeatedly clapping their shells together. scallops have a well-developed nervous system, and unlike most other bivalves all scallops have a ring of numerous simple eyes situated around the edge of their mantles. many species of scallops are highly prized as a food source, and some are farmed as aquaculture. the word "scallop" is also applied to the meat of these bivalves, the adductor muscle, that is sold as seafood. the brightly coloured, symmetric, fan-shaped shells of scallops with their radiating and often fluted ornamentation are valued by shell collectors, and have been used since ancient times as motifs in art, architecture, and design. owing to their widespread distribution, scallop shells are a common sight on beaches and are often brightly coloured, making them a popular object to collect among beachcombers and vacationers. the shells also have a significant place in popular culture, including symbolism.

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Shrimp

Shrimp are crustaceans with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly caridea and dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are referred to as "shrimp". more narrow definitions may be restricted to caridea, to smaller species of either group or to only the marine species. under a broader definition, shrimp may be synonymous with prawn, covering stalk-eyed swimming crustaceans with long, narrow muscular tails (abdomens), long whiskers (antennae), and slender legs. any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one. they swim forward by paddling with swimmerets on the underside of their abdomens, although their escape response is typically repeated flicks with the tail driving them backwards very quickly. crabs and lobsters have strong walking legs, whereas shrimp have thin, fragile legs which they use primarily for perching.shrimp are widespread and abundant. there are thousands of species adapted to a wide range of habitats. they can be found feeding near the seafloor on most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes. to escape predators, some species flip off the seafloor and dive into the sediment. they usually live from one to seven years. shrimp are often solitary, though they can form large schools during the spawning season.they play important roles in the food chain and are an important food source for larger animals ranging from fish to whales. the muscular tails of many shrimp are edible to humans, and they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption. commercial shrimp species support an industry worth 50 billion dollars a year, and in 2010 the total commercial production of shrimp was nearly 7 million tonnes. shrimp farming became more prevalent during the 1980s, particularly in china, and by 2007 the harvest from shrimp farms exceeded the capture of wild shrimp. there are significant issues with excessive bycatch when shrimp are captured in the wild, and with pollution damage done to estuaries when they are used to support shrimp farming. many shrimp species are small as the term shrimp suggests, about 2 cm (0.79 in) long, but some shrimp exceed 25 cm (9.8 in). larger shrimp are more likely to be targeted commercially and are often referred to as prawns, particularly in britain.

Dessert, Sweet

Soapberry cocktail

Similar to cranberry, can have a consistency like ice cream

Main

Turbot

The turbot (scophthalmus maximus) is a relatively large species of flatfish in the family scophthalmidae. it is a demersal fish native to marine or brackish waters of the northeast atlantic, baltic sea and the mediterranean sea. it is an important food fish. turbot in the black sea have often been included in this species, but are now generally regarded as separate, the black sea turbot or kalkan (s. maeoticus). true turbot are not found in the northwest atlantic; the "turbot" of that region, which was involved in the so-called "turbot war" between canada and spain, is the greenland halibut or greenland turbot (reinhardtius hippoglossoides).

Breakfast

Waffles

A waffle is a dish made from leavened batter or dough that is cooked between two plates that are patterned to give a characteristic size, shape, and surface impression. there are many variations based on the type of waffle iron and recipe used. waffles are eaten throughout the world, particularly in belgium, which has over a dozen regional varieties. waffles may be made fresh or simply heated after having been commercially cooked and frozen.