Recipes From Scotland

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Browse Dishes

Main

Aberdeen angus

Drink

Aberfeldy

Dessert, Sweet

Abernethy biscuits

Sweet caraway biscuits

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Achar

A south asian pickle, also known as avalehikā, pachchadi, achaar (sometimes spelled as aachaar), athaanu, loncha, oorugaai, or aavakaai is a pickled food, native to the indian subcontinent, made from a variety of vegetables and fruits, preserved in brine, vinegar, or edible oils along with various indian spices.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Adobo

Adobo or adobar (spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of cooked food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. the portuguese variant is known as carne de vinha d'alhos. the practice, native to iberia (spanish cuisine and portuguese cuisine), was widely adopted in latin america, as well as spanish and portuguese colonies in africa and asia. in the philippines, the name adobo was given by colonial-era spaniards on the islands to a different indigenous cooking method that also uses vinegar. although similar, this developed independently of spanish influence.

Main

Adobo, Latin American style

Adobo or adobar (spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of cooked food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. the portuguese variant is known as carne de vinha d'alhos. the practice, native to iberia (spanish cuisine and portuguese cuisine), was widely adopted in latin america, as well as spanish and portuguese colonies in africa and asia. in the philippines, the name adobo was given by colonial-era spaniards on the islands to a different indigenous cooking method that also uses vinegar. although similar, this developed independently of spanish influence.

Main

Adobo, Philippines style

Philippine adobo (from spanish adobar: "marinade," "sauce" or "seasoning" / english: tagalog pronunciation: [ɐdobo]) is a popular filipino dish and cooking process in philippine cuisine that involves meat, seafood, or vegetables marinated in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, bay leaves, and black peppercorns, which is browned in oil, and simmered in the marinade. it has occasionally been considered the unofficial national dish in the philippines.

Drink

Advocaat

Advocaat or advocatenborrel is a traditional dutch alcoholic beverage made from eggs, sugar, and brandy. the rich and creamy drink has a smooth, custard-like consistency. the typical alcohol content is generally between 14% and 20% abv. its contents may be a blend of egg yolks, aromatic spirits, sugar or honey, brandy, vanilla, and sometimes cream (or condensed milk). notable makers of advocaat include bols, darna ovo liker, dekuyper (in two varieties), and verpoorten.

Dessert, Sweet

Affogato

An affogato /ˌɑːfəˈɡɑːtəʊ/, /ˌæfəˈɡɑːtəʊ/ or more traditionally known as "affogato al caffe" (italian for "drowned in coffee") is an italian coffee-based dessert. it usually takes the form of a scoop of plain milk-flavored (fior di latte) or vanilla gelato or ice cream topped or "drowned" with a shot of hot espresso. some variations also include a shot of amaretto, bicerin, kahlua, or other liqueur.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Afternoon tea

Tea (in reference to food, rather than the drink) has long been used as an umbrella term for several different meals. english writer isabella beeton, whose books on home economics were widely read in the 19th century, describes meals of various kinds and provides menus for the "old-fashioned tea", the "at-home tea", the "family tea", and the "high tea".teatime is the time at which this meal is usually eaten, which is mid-afternoon to early evening. tea as a meal is associated with the united kingdom, the republic of ireland, and some commonwealth countries. some people in britain refer to their main evening meal as "tea" rather than "dinner" or "supper", but generally, with the exception of in northern england, "tea" refers to a light meal or a snack. a tea break is the term used for a work break in either the morning or afternoon for a cup of tea or other beverage. the most common elements of the tea meal are the drink itself, with cakes or pastries (especially scones), bread and jam, and perhaps sandwiches; these are the pillars of the "traditional afternoon tea" meals offered by expensive london hotels. other types of both drink and food may be offered at home, under the same name, tea.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Aglio e olio

Spaghetti aglio e olio (italian: [spaˈɡetti ˈaʎʎo e ˈɔːljo]; italian for '"spaghetti [with] garlic and oil"') is a traditional italian pasta dish from naples. it is a typical dish of neapolitan cuisine and is widely popular. its popularity can be attributed to it being simple to prepare and the fact that it makes use of inexpensive, readily available ingredients that have long shelf lives in a pantry. the dish was once also known as "vermicelli alla borbonica" or also as "vermicelli con le vongole fujute", when in the white version.the dish is made by first lightly sautéing thinly sliced garlic in olive oil, always with the addition of red pepper flakes (dried chilli – in which case its name is spaghetti aglio, olio e peperoncino). the oil and garlic are then tossed with spaghetti cooked in salted water. finely chopped italian parsley is then commonly added as a garnish. grated parmesan or pecorino cheese can be added, although cheese is not included in most traditional recipes. some recipes recommend to add some of the water from cooking pasta to the olive oil to create a sauce, but other recipes recommend simply pouring the oil onto the drained pasta, which doesn't create a sauce.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Aioli

Aioli, allioli or aïoli ( or ; provençal occitan: alhòli [aˈʎɔli] or aiòli [aˈjɔli]; catalan: allioli [ˌaʎiˈɔli]; spanish: alioli [ˌaliˈoli]) is a cold sauce consisting of an emulsion of garlic, salt, olive oil, and often egg; it is found in the cuisines of the northwest mediterranean, from andalusia to calabria. the names mean "garlic and oil" in catalan, provençal and italian. it is found in the cuisines of the mediterranean coasts of spain (catalonia, the valencian community, the balearic islands, murcia and eastern andalusia), france (provence), italy (sicily and calabria), and malta. some versions of the sauce are closer to a garlic mayonnaise, incorporating egg yolks and lemon juice, whereas other versions are without egg yolk and have more garlic. this gives the sauce a pastier texture, while making it more laborious to make as the emulsion is harder to stabilize. there are many variations, such as adding lemon juice or other seasonings. in france, it may include mustard.like mayonnaise, aioli is an emulsion or suspension of small globules of oil and oil-soluble compounds in water and water-soluble compounds. in spain, purists believe aioli should not include egg, but in france and elsewhere, egg or egg yolk is the usual emulsifier. since about 1990, it has become common in the united states to call all flavored mayonnaises aioli. purists insist that flavored mayonnaise can contain garlic, but true aioli contains garlic and no other seasoning (except salt).

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ajvar

Ajvar (pronounced: ; cyrillic script: ajвар, aйвар) is a condiment made principally from sweet bell peppers and eggplants. the relish became a popular side dish throughout yugoslavia after world war ii and is popular in southeast europe. homemade ajvar is made of roasted peppers. depending on the capsaicin content in bell peppers and the amount of added chili peppers, it can be sweet (traditional), piquant (the most common), or very hot. ajvar can be consumed as a bread spread or as a side dish. ajvar has a few variations. one variation contains tomato and eggplant. another is made with green bell peppers and oregano. "homemade leskovac ajvar" and "macedonian ajvar" are registered with the world intellectual property organization in order to protect their brand names.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Alfredo sauce

Fettuccine alfredo (italian pronunciation: [fettut'tʃiːne alˈfreːdo]) or fettuccine al burro ("fettuccine with butter") is an italian pasta dish of fresh fettuccine tossed with butter and parmesan cheese (italian: pasta al burro e parmigiano). as the cheese melts, it emulsifies the liquids to form a smooth and rich cheese sauce coating the pasta. the dish is named after alfredo di lelio, who featured the dish at his restaurant in rome in the early to mid-20th century; the "ceremony" of preparing it tableside was an integral part of the dish.the dish became widespread and eventually spread to the united states, where it remains popular. the recipe has evolved, and its commercialized version—with heavy cream and other ingredients—is now ubiquitous. in the u.s., it is often served as a main course, sometimes garnished with chicken or other ingredients. in italy, meanwhile, fettuccine al burro is generally considered home cooking, and the pasta dish or the sauce named "alfredo" are unknown and generally scoffed at by italian writers.

Drink

Allanwater Brewhouse

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Allioli

Aioli, allioli or aïoli ( or ; provençal occitan: alhòli [aˈʎɔli] or aiòli [aˈjɔli]; catalan: allioli [ˌaʎiˈɔli]; spanish: alioli [ˌaliˈoli]) is a cold sauce consisting of an emulsion of garlic, salt, olive oil, and often egg; it is found in the cuisines of the northwest mediterranean, from andalusia to calabria. the names mean "garlic and oil" in catalan, provençal and italian. it is found in the cuisines of the mediterranean coasts of spain (catalonia, the valencian community, the balearic islands, murcia and eastern andalusia), france (provence), italy (sicily and calabria), and malta. some versions of the sauce are closer to a garlic mayonnaise, incorporating egg yolks and lemon juice, whereas other versions are without egg yolk and have more garlic. this gives the sauce a pastier texture, while making it more laborious to make as the emulsion is harder to stabilize. there are many variations, such as adding lemon juice or other seasonings. in france, it may include mustard.like mayonnaise, aioli is an emulsion or suspension of small globules of oil and oil-soluble compounds in water and water-soluble compounds. in spain, purists believe aioli should not include egg, but in france and elsewhere, egg or egg yolk is the usual emulsifier. since about 1990, it has become common in the united states to call all flavored mayonnaises aioli. purists insist that flavored mayonnaise can contain garlic, but true aioli contains garlic and no other seasoning (except salt).

Main

Aloo gobi

Aloo gobi (pronounced [aːlu ɡɔːbʱi]) is a vegetarian dish from the indian subcontinent made with potatoes (aloo), cauliflower (gob(h)i), and indian spices. it is popular in indian cuisine. it is yellowish in colour due to the use of turmeric, and occasionally contains kalonji and curry leaves. other common ingredients include garlic, ginger, onion, coriander stalks, tomato, peas, black pepper, asafoetida and cumin. there are a number of variations and similar dishes.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Aloo tikki

Aloo tikki, also known as aloo ki tikkia, aloo ki tikki, and alu tikki, is a snack originating from the indian subcontinent; in indian, pakistani, and bangladeshi preparation, it is made of boiled potatoes, peas, and various curry spices. "aloo" means potato, and "tikki" means a small cutlet or croquette in hindi-urdu and marathi. it is served hot along with a side of saunth, tamarind, and coriander-mint sauce, and sometimes dahi (yogurt) or chickpeas. the snack is a vegetarian alternative and an indian equivalent of the hash brown.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Amatriciana sauce

Sugo all'amatriciana (italian pronunciation: [ˈsuːɡo allamatriˈtʃaːna]), or alla matriciana (in romanesco dialect), also known as salsa all'amatriciana, is a traditional italian pasta sauce based on guanciale (cured pork cheek), pecorino romano cheese, tomato, and, in some variations, onion. originating from the town of amatrice (in the mountainous province of rieti of lazio region), the amatriciana is one of the best known pasta sauces in present-day roman and italian cuisine. the italian government has named it a traditional agro-alimentary product of lazio and amatriciana tradizionale is registered as a traditional speciality guaranteed in the eu and the uk.

Dessert, Sweet

Angel cake

Angel cake is a type of layered sponge cake dessert that originated in the united kingdom, and first became popular in the late 19th century. made with butter, caster sugar, eggs, vanilla extract, self-raising flour, baking powder, and red and yellow food colouring, it consists of two or three layers of sweet sponge cake which are often coloured white, pink and yellow. it is traditionally iced with a thin layer of white icing. to serve, long bars or small rectangular slices are usually cut. the largest recorded angel cake was 1 metre in length and 50 centimetres in width, which was baked in the english town of bakewell.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Anster

Drink

Aperol Spritz

Bittersweet mixed drink made with prosecco, aperol (bitter aperitif) and club soda, garnished with an orange slice

Dessert, Sweet

Apple cake

Apple cakes are cakes in which apples feature as a main flavour and ingredient. such cakes incorporate apples in a variety of forms, including diced, pureed, or stewed, and can include common additions like raisins, nuts, and 'sweet' spices such as cinnamon or nutmeg. they are a common and popular dessert worldwide, thanks to millennia of apple cultivation in asia and europe, and their widespread introduction and propagation throughout the americas during the columbian exchange and colonisation. as a result, apple desserts, including cakes, have a huge number of variations. apples are also used in other cakes to add moisture and sweetness, often as a partial substitute for refined sugar.

Dessert, Sweet

Apple crumble

Apple crisp is a dessert made with a streusel topping. in the us and canada, it is also called apple crumble, a word which refers to a different dessert in the uk, australia, and new zealand.ingredients usually include cooked apples, butter, sugar, flour, cinnamon, and often oats and brown sugar, ginger, and/or nutmeg. one of the most common variants is apple rhubarb crisp, in which the rhubarb provides a tart contrast to the apples. many other kinds of fruit crisps are made. these may substitute other fruits, such as peaches, berries, or pears, for the apples.

Drink

Apple juice

Apple juice is a fruit juice made by the maceration and pressing of an apple. the resulting expelled juice may be further treated by enzymatic and centrifugal clarification to remove the starch and pectin, which holds fine particulate in suspension, and then pasteurized for packaging in glass, metal, or aseptic processing system containers, or further treated by dehydration processes to a concentrate. due to the complex and costly equipment required to extract and clarify juice from apples in large volume, apple juice is normally produced commercially. in the united states, unfiltered fresh apple juice is made by smaller operations in areas of high apple production, in the form of unclarified apple cider. apple juice is one of the most common fruit juices globally, with world production led by china, poland, the united states, and germany.

Dessert, Sweet

Apple pie

An apple pie is a pie in which the principal filling ingredient is apples. the earliest printed recipe is from england. apple pie is often served with whipped cream, ice cream ("apple pie à la mode"), or cheddar cheese. it is generally double-crusted, with pastry both above and below the filling; the upper crust may be solid or latticed (woven of crosswise strips). the bottom crust may be baked separately ("blind") to prevent it from getting soggy. deep-dish apple pie often has a top crust only. tarte tatin is baked with the crust on top, but served with it on the bottom. apple pie is an unofficial symbol of the united states and one of its signature comfort foods.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Applesauce

Apple sauce or applesauce is a purée (not necessarily served as a true sauce) made of apples. it can be made with peeled or unpeeled apples and may be spiced or sweetened. apple sauce is inexpensive and is widely consumed in north america and some parts of europe.a wide range of apple varieties are used to make apple sauce, depending on the preference for sweetness or tartness. formerly, sour apples were used to make savory apple sauce.commercial versions of apple sauce are readily available at supermarkets and other retail outlets.

Dessert, Sweet

Apple sponge

Stewed apples with sponge cake top

Dessert, Sweet

Apple turnover

A turnover is a type of pastry made by placing a filling on a piece of dough, folding the dough over, sealing, and baking it. turnovers can be sweet or savoury and are often made as a sort of portable meal or dessert. they are often eaten for breakfast. it is common for sweet turnovers to have a fruit filling and be made with a puff pastry or shortcrust pastry dough and covered with icing; savoury turnovers generally contain meat and/or vegetables and can be made with any sort of dough, though a kneaded yeast dough seems to be the most common in western cuisines. they are usually baked, but may be fried. savoury turnovers are often sold as convenience foods in supermarkets. savoury turnovers with meat or poultry and identified as a turnover in the united states (for example, "beef turnover" or "cheesy chicken turnover") have to meet a standard of identity or composition and should contain a certain amount of meat or poultry.

Drink

Arabica coffee

Coffea arabica (), also known as the arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family rubiaceae. it is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated, and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. coffee produced from the (less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated) robusta bean (c. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. arabica coffee originates from ethiopia and was first cultivated in yemen, and documented by the 12th century. coffea arabica is called ‏بُنّ‎ (būnn) in arabic, borrowed from the oromo "buna".

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arbroath Smokie

The arbroath smokie is a type of smoked haddock, and is a speciality of the town of arbroath in angus, scotland.

Breakfast

Arbroath toasties

Smoked haddock (finnan haddie) poached in milk with flour, egg and grated cheese, served on toast

Dessert, Sweet

Arctic roll

An arctic roll is a british ice cream cake made of vanilla ice cream wrapped in a thin layer of sponge cake to form a roll, with a layer of raspberry flavoured sauce between the sponge and the ice cream.

Drink

Ardbeg

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arrabbiata sauce

Arrabbiata sauce, or sugo all'arrabbiata in italian (arabbiata in romanesco dialect), is a spicy sauce for pasta made from garlic, tomatoes, and dried red chili peppers cooked in olive oil. the sauce originates from the lazio region, and particularly from the city of rome.

Drink

Atholl brose

Atholl brose (or athol brose, athole brose) is a scottish drink obtained by mixing oatmeal brose, honey, whisky, and sometimes cream (particularly on festive occasions). atholl brose has also become an alternative name for the dessert cranachan, which uses similar ingredients. according to legend the drink is named after the 1st earl of atholl (of the 8th creation), who suppressed a highland rebellion in 1475 by spiking the rebel leader's well with atholl brose, leading to an inebriated enemy and the rebel leader's capture.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Au jus

Au jus (french: [o ʒy]) is a french culinary term meaning "with juice". it refers to meat dishes prepared or served together with a light broth or gravy, made from the fluids secreted by the meat as it is cooked. in french cuisine, cooking au jus is a natural way to enhance the flavour of dishes, mainly chicken, veal, and lamb. in american cuisine, the term is mostly used to refer to a light sauce for beef recipes, which may be served with the food or placed on the side for dipping.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Avgolemono

Avgolemono (greek: αυγολέμονο or αβγολέμονο) or egg–lemon is a family of sauces and soups made with egg yolk and lemon juice mixed with broth, heated until they thicken. they are found in greek, arab, sephardic jewish, turkish, balkan and jewish-italian cuisine. in sephardic jewish cuisine, it is called agristada or salsa blanco, and in jewish-italian, bagna brusca, brodettato, or brodo brusco. in arabic, it is called tarbiya or beida bi-lemoune 'egg with lemon'; and in turkish terbiye. it is also widely used in balkan cuisine.

Drink

Aviation

The aviation is a classic cocktail made with gin, maraschino liqueur, crème de violette, and lemon juice. some recipes omit the crème de violette. it is served straight up, in a cocktail glass.

Breakfast

Avocado toast

Avocado toast is a type of open sandwich consisting of toast with mashed avocado, and usually salt, black pepper, and sometimes citrus juice. ingredients added to enhance the flavor include olive oil, hummus, red pepper flakes, feta, dukkah and tomato. avocado toast became a food trend of the 2010s. it has appeared on café menus since at least the 1990s. following avocado toast's elevation to trend status, the act of ordering avocado toast at a café was criticised as a symbol of frivolous spending.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ayrshire Dunlop

Dunlop is a mild cheese or 'sweet-milk cheese' from dunlop, east ayrshire, scotland. it resembles a soft cheddar cheese in texture. though it fell out of popularity some time after the end of the second world war, it is now appreciated for its value in various recipes and for eating on its own or with a dram of whisky. a strong link exists with robert burns as related by his family's friend jessie lewars who related that "when he chanced to come home and find no dinner ready, he was never in the least irritated, but would address himself with the greatest cheerfulness to any makeshift set before him. they generally had abundance of good dunlop cheese, sent them by their ayrshire friends. the poet would sit down to bread and cheese, with his book by his side and seem to the casual visitor as happy as a courtier at the feast of kings."

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ayrshire New Potatoes

Potatoes grown in south ayrshire, scotland

Drink

B-52

The b-52 (also b52 or bifi or bifty) cocktail is a layered shot composed of a coffee liqueur (kahlúa), an irish cream (baileys irish cream), and a grand marnier (in later versions replaced with triple sec or cointreau). when prepared properly, the ingredients separate into three distinctly visible layers (due to their relative densities).

Dessert, Sweet

Babka

A babka is a sweet braided bread or cake which originated in the jewish communities of poland, russia and ukraine. it is popular in israel (often referred to as simply a yeast cake: עוגת שמרים) and in the jewish diaspora. it is prepared with a yeast-leavened dough that is rolled out and spread with a filling such as chocolate, cinnamon, fruit, or cheese, then rolled up and braided before baking.

Drink

Bacardi Cocktail

The bacardi cocktail is a cocktail made primarily with bacardi superior. it is served as a "pre-dinner" cocktail.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Back bacon

Back bacon is a cut of bacon that includes the pork loin from the back of the pig. it may also include a portion of the pork belly in the same cut. it is much leaner than side bacon made only from the pork belly. back bacon is derived from the same cut used for pork chops. it is the most common cut of bacon used in british and irish cuisine, where both smoked and unsmoked varieties of bacon are found.

Breakfast

Bacon

Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. it is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich (blt)), or as a flavouring or accent (as in bacon bits in a salad). bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat. the word is derived from the proto-germanic *bakkon, meaning "back meat". meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". such use is common in areas with significant jewish and muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bacon jam

Bacon jam is a bacon-based relish, similar to the austrian starter verhackertes. it is made through a process of slow cooking the bacon, along with onions, vinegar, brown sugar and spices, before mixing in a food processor. bacon jam, like fruit jams, requires a certain level of sugars to be officially labelled 'jam'.

Breakfast

Bacon roll

A bacon roll is either: a bacon wrapped food comprising a roll made of bacon with various fillings inside it a bacon sandwich comprising a roll sandwiching bacon inside it

Main

Bacon sandwich

A bacon sandwich (also known in parts of the united kingdom and new zealand as a bacon butty, bacon bap or bacon sarnie, and in parts of ireland as a rasher sandwich) is a sandwich of cooked bacon between bread that is optionally spread with butter, and may be seasoned with ketchup or brown sauce. it is generally served hot. in some establishments the sandwich will be made from bread toasted on only one side, while other establishments serve it on the same roll as is used for hamburgers. bacon sandwiches are an all-day favourite throughout the united kingdom and the republic of ireland. they are often served in british cafes and delis, and are anecdotally recommended as a hangover cure.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Baguette

A baguette (; french: [baɡɛt] (listen)) is a long, thin type of bread of french origin that is commonly made from basic lean dough (the dough, though not the shape, is defined by french law). it is distinguishable by its length and crisp crust. a baguette has a diameter of about 5 to 6 centimetres (2–2+1⁄2 inches) and a usual length of about 65 cm (26 in), although a baguette can be up to 1 m (39 in) long. in november 2018, documentation surrounding the "craftsmanship and culture" on making this bread was added to the french ministry of culture's national inventory of intangible cultural heritage. in may 2021, france submitted the baguette for unesco heritage status.

Main

Baingan bharta

Baingan bharta (mashed eggplant) is an indian dish prepared by mincing grilled eggplant (baingan) and mixing it with tomato, onion, herbs and spices. grilling the eggplant over charcoal or direct fire infuses the dish with a smoky flavour. mashed eggplant is then mixed with cooked chopped tomato, browned onion, ginger, garlic, cumin, fresh cilantro (coriander leaves), chili pepper, and mustard oil or a neutral vegetable oil. traditionally, the dish is often eaten with flatbread (specifically roti or paratha) and is also served with rice or raita, a yogurt salad. in bihar and uttar pradesh, it is served hot with litti or baati.in india, pakistan and bangladesh, baingan bharta is part of popular cuisine. in india, it is made in various regional styles, with ingredients varying from one region to another.

Breakfast

Baked beans

Baked beans is a dish traditionally containing white beans that are parboiled and then, in the us, baked in sauce at low temperature for a lengthy period. in the united kingdom, the dish is sometimes baked, but usually stewed in sauce. canned baked beans are not baked, but are cooked through a steam process.baked beans originate in native american cuisine, and are made from beans indigenous to the americas. the dish was adopted and adapted by english colonists in new england in the 17th century and, through cookbooks published in the 19th century, spread to other regions of the united states and into canada. today, in the new england region of the united states, a variety of indigenous legumes are used in restaurants or in the home, such as jacob's cattle, soldier beans, yellow-eyed beans, and navy beans (also known as native beans).originally, native americans sweetened baked beans with maple syrup, a tradition some recipes still follow, but some english colonists used brown sugar beginning in the 17th century. in the 18th century, the convention of using american-made molasses as a sweetening agent became increasingly popular to avoid british taxes on sugar. boston baked beans use a sauce prepared with molasses and salt pork, a dish whose popularity has given boston the nickname "beantown".today, baked beans are served throughout the united states alongside barbecue foods and at picnics. beans in a brown sugar, sugar, or corn syrup sauce (with or without tomatoes) are widely available throughout the united states. bush brothers are the largest producer. after the american revolutionary war, independence day celebrations often included baked beans.canned baked beans are used as a convenience food; most are made from haricot beans (aka navy beans) in sauce. they may be eaten hot or cold, and straight from the can, as they are fully cooked. h. j. heinz began producing canned baked beans in 1886. in the early 20th century, canned baked beans gained international popularity, particularly in the united kingdom, where they have become a common part of an english full breakfast.

Main

Baked chicken

Roast chicken is chicken prepared as food by roasting whether in a home kitchen, over a fire, or with a rotisserie (rotary spit). generally, the chicken is roasted with its own fat and juices by circulating the meat during roasting, and therefore, are usually cooked exposed to fire or heat with some type of rotary grill so that the circulation of these fats and juices is as efficient as possible. roast chicken is a dish that appears in a wide variety of cuisines worldwide.

Main

Baked ham

Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking. as a processed meat, the term "ham" includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically formed. ham is made around the world, including a number of regional specialties, such as westphalian ham and some varieties of spanish jamón. in addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical naming protection, such as prosciutto di parma in europe, and smithfield ham in the us.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Baked potato

A baked potato, known in some parts of the united kingdom (though not generally scotland) as a jacket potato, is a preparation of potato. it may be served with fillings, toppings or condiments such as butter, cheese, sour cream, gravy, baked beans, and even ground meat or corned beef. some varieties of potato, such as russet and king edward, are more suitable for baking than others, owing to their size and consistency. despite the popular misconception that potatoes are fattening, baked potatoes can be part of a healthy diet.

Main

Baked salmon

Salmon () is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family salmonidae. other fish in the same family include trout, char, grayling, and whitefish. salmon are native to tributaries of the north atlantic (genus salmo) and pacific ocean (genus oncorhynchus). many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the great lakes of north america and patagonia in south america. salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world.typically, salmon are anadromous: they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce. however, populations of several species are restricted to fresh water throughout their lives. folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn. tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true. a portion of a returning salmon run may stray and spawn in different freshwater systems; the percent of straying depends on the species of salmon. homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory.

Dessert, Sweet

Bakewell tart

A bakewell tart is an english confection consisting of a shortcrust pastry shell beneath layers of jam, frangipane, and a topping of flaked almonds. it is a variant of the bakewell pudding, closely associated with the town of bakewell in derbyshire.

Dessert, Sweet

Balmoral shortbread

Shortbread or shortie is a traditional scottish biscuit usually made from one part white sugar, two parts butter, and three to four parts plain wheat flour. unlike many other biscuits and baked goods, shortbread does not contain any leavening, such as baking powder or baking soda. shortbread is widely associated with christmas and hogmanay festivities in scotland, and some scottish brands are exported around the world.

Main

Balti curry

A balti or bāltī gosht (urdu: بالٹی گوشت, hindi: बाल्टी गोश्त) is a type of curry served in a thin, pressed-steel wok called a "balti bowl". the name may have come from the metal dish in which the curry is cooked, rather than from any specific ingredient or cooking technique. balti curries are cooked quickly using vegetable oil rather than ghee, over high heat in the manner of a stir-fry, and any meat is used off the bone. this combination differs sharply from a traditional one-pot indian curry which is simmered slowly all day. balti sauce is based on garlic and onions, with turmeric and garam masala, among other spices.balti gosht is eaten in north india and some parts of pakistan, as well as other parts of the world, such as great britain. the food seems to have arrived in england in birmingham in 1971; sources suggest that it might have originated from baltistan in northern pakistan, but the exact origin is still unclear.

Breakfast

Banana bread

Banana bread is a type of bread made from mashed bananas. it is often a moist, sweet, cake-like quick bread; however there are some banana bread recipes that are yeast raised breads.

Dessert, Sweet

Banana cake

A banana cake is a cake prepared using banana as a primary ingredient and typical cake ingredients. it can be prepared in various manners, including as a layer cake, as muffins and as cupcakes. steamed banana cake is found in chinese, indonesian and vietnamese cuisine. in the philippines, the term "banana cake" refers to banana bread introduced during the american colonial period of the philippines.

Main

Bangers and mash

Bangers and mash, also known as sausages and mash, is a traditional british dish, consisting of sausages served with mashed potatoes. it may consist of one of a variety of flavoured sausages made of pork, lamb, or beef (often specifically cumberland sausage). the dish is usually served with onion gravy, but may also include fried onions and peas. this dish, even when cooked at home, may be thought of as an example of pub grub, meaning it is relatively quick and easy to make in large quantities.in 2009, the dish was listed as britain's most popular comfort food in a survey commissioned by tv channel good food.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bannock

Bannock is a variety of flat quick bread or any large, round article baked or cooked from grain. a bannock is usually cut into sections before serving.

Breakfast

Bannock

Bannock is a variety of flat quick bread or any large, round article baked or cooked from grain. a bannock is usually cut into sections before serving.

Dessert, Sweet

Banoffee pie

Banoffee pie is a british dessert pie made from bananas, cream and a thick caramel sauce (made from boiled condensed milk, or dulce de leche), combined either on a buttery biscuit base or one made from crumbled biscuits and butter. some versions of the recipe also include chocolate, coffee or both. its name, sometimes spelled "banoffi", is a portmanteau combining the words "banana" and "toffee".

Dessert, Sweet

Barley sugar

Barley sugar (or barley sugar candy) is a traditional variety of boiled sweet (hard candy), often yellow or orange in colour, which is usually made with an extract of barley, giving it a characteristic taste and colour. it is usually sold in the shape of twisted sticks. barley sugar is very similar to clear toy candy (which traditionally is made with pure water rather than barley water): 3  and to hard caramel candy in its texture and taste.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Basmati

Basmati, pronounced ['bɑːsmət̪iː], is a variety of long, slender-grained aromatic rice which is traditionally grown in india, pakistan, bangladesh and nepal. as of 2019, india accounted for 65% of the international trade in basmati rice, while pakistan accounted for the remaining 35%. many countries use domestically grown basmati rice crops; however, basmati is geographically exclusive to certain districts of india and pakistan.according to the indian government agency apeda, a rice variety is eligible to be called basmati if it has a minimum average precooked milled rice length of 6.61 mm (0.260 in) and average precooked milled rice breadth of up to 2 mm (0.079 in), among other parameters.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bath bun

The bath bun is a sweet roll made from a milk-based yeast dough with crushed sugar sprinkled on top after baking. variations in ingredients include enclosing a lump of sugar in the bun or adding candied fruit peel, currants, raisins or sultanas. the change from a light, shaped bun to a heavier, often fruited or highly sugared irregular one may date from the great exhibition of 1851 when almost a million were produced and consumed in five and a half months (the "london bath bun").references to bath buns date from 1763, and jane austen wrote in a letter of "disordering my stomach with bath bunns" in 1801. the original 18th-century recipe used a brioche or rich egg and butter dough which was then covered with caraway seeds coated in several layers of sugar, similar to french dragée.the bun's creation is attributed to william oliver in the 18th century. oliver also created the bath oliver dry biscuit after the bun proved too fattening for his rheumatic patients. the bun may also have descended from the 18th-century "bath cake". the buns are still produced in the bath area of england.although this is disputed, the 18th-century '"bath cake" may also have been the forerunner of the sally lunn bun, which also originates from bath.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bath chaps

Salted and smoked cheek and jawbones of a pig

Dessert, Sweet

Bath oliver

A bath oliver is a hard, dry biscuit or cracker made from flour, butter, yeast and milk; often eaten with cheese. it was invented by physician william oliver of bath, somerset around 1750, giving the biscuit its name.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beans on toast

Baked beans is a dish traditionally containing white beans that are parboiled and then, in the us, baked in sauce at low temperature for a lengthy period. in the united kingdom, the dish is sometimes baked, but usually stewed in sauce. canned baked beans are not baked, but are cooked through a steam process.baked beans originate in native american cuisine, and are made from beans indigenous to the americas. the dish was adopted and adapted by english colonists in new england in the 17th century and, through cookbooks published in the 19th century, spread to other regions of the united states and into canada. today, in the new england region of the united states, a variety of indigenous legumes are used in restaurants or in the home, such as jacob's cattle, soldier beans, yellow-eyed beans, and navy beans (also known as native beans).originally, native americans sweetened baked beans with maple syrup, a tradition some recipes still follow, but some english colonists used brown sugar beginning in the 17th century. in the 18th century, the convention of using american-made molasses as a sweetening agent became increasingly popular to avoid british taxes on sugar. boston baked beans use a sauce prepared with molasses and salt pork, a dish whose popularity has given boston the nickname "beantown".today, baked beans are served throughout the united states alongside barbecue foods and at picnics. beans in a brown sugar, sugar, or corn syrup sauce (with or without tomatoes) are widely available throughout the united states. bush brothers are the largest producer. after the american revolutionary war, independence day celebrations often included baked beans.canned baked beans are used as a convenience food; most are made from haricot beans (aka navy beans) in sauce. they may be eaten hot or cold, and straight from the can, as they are fully cooked. h. j. heinz began producing canned baked beans in 1886. in the early 20th century, canned baked beans gained international popularity, particularly in the united kingdom, where they have become a common part of an english full breakfast.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bearnaise Sauce

Béarnaise sauce (; french: [be.aʁ.nɛz]) is a sauce made of clarified butter emulsified in egg yolks and white wine vinegar and flavored with herbs. it is basically the "child" of the hollandaise sauce. the difference is only in the flavoring: béarnaise uses shallot, chervil, peppercorns, and tarragon in a reduction of vinegar and wine, while hollandaise is made of a reduction of lemon juice or white wine vinegar, with white peppercorns and a pinch of cayenne instead of the above seasonings. the sauce's name is related to the province of béarn, france. it is light yellow and opaque, smooth and creamy, and a traditional sauce for steak.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bechamel

Bechamel sauce ( french: [beʃamɛl]) is a sauce traditionally made from a white roux (butter and flour in a 1:1 mixture) and milk. bechamel may also be referred to as besciamella (italy), besamel (greece), or white sauce (u.s.). french, italian and greek bechamel sauce recipes include salt and nutmeg as a seasoning base.bechamel sauce is one of the "mother sauces" of french cuisine.

Main

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Main

Beef and ale stew

Main

Beef bourguignon

Beef bourguignon (us: ) or bœuf bourguignon (uk: ; french: [bœf buʁɡiɲɔ̃]), also called beef burgundy, and bœuf à la bourguignonne, is a french beef stew braised in red wine, often red burgundy, and beef stock, typically flavored with carrots, onions, garlic, and a bouquet garni, and garnished with pearl onions, mushrooms, and bacon. a similar dish using a piece of braised beef with the same garnish is pièce de bœuf à la bourguignonne.its name probably refers to the use of wine; it is likely not a regional recipe from burgundy.when made with whole roasts, the meat was often larded.

Main

Beef stew

A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy. ingredients in a stew can include any combination of vegetables and may include meat, especially tougher meats suitable for slow-cooking, such as beef, pork, lamb, poultry, sausages, and seafood. while water can be used as the stew-cooking liquid, stock is also common. a small amount of red wine is sometimes added for flavour. seasoning and flavourings may also be added. stews are typically cooked at a relatively low temperature (simmered, not boiled), allowing flavours to mingle. stewing is suitable for the least tender cuts of meat that become tender and juicy with the slow moist heat method. this makes it popular in low-cost cooking. cuts having a certain amount of marbling and gelatinous connective tissue give moist, juicy stews, while lean meat may easily become dry. stews are thickened by reduction or with flour, either by coating pieces of meat with flour before searing, or by using a roux or beurre manié, a dough consisting of equal parts of fat and flour. thickeners like cornstarch, potato starch, or arrowroot may also be used. stews are similar to soups, and in some cases there may not be a clear distinction between the two. generally, stews have less liquid than soups, are much thicker and require longer cooking over low heat. while soups are almost always served in a bowl, stews may be thick enough to be served on a plate with the gravy as a sauce over the solid ingredients.

Main

Beef stroganoff

Beef stroganoff or beef stroganov (uk: , us: ; russian: бефстро́ганов, romanized: befstróganov, ipa: [bʲɪfˈstroɡənəf]) is an originally russian dish of sautéed pieces of beef served in a sauce of mustard and smetana (sour cream). from its origins in mid-19th-century russia, it has become popular around the world, with considerable variation from the original recipe. mushrooms are common in many variants.

Main

Beef Wellington

Beef wellington is a steak dish of english origin, made out of fillet steak coated with pâté (often pâté de foie gras) and duxelles, wrapped in puff pastry, then baked. some recipes include wrapping the coated meat in a crêpe or parma ham to retain the moisture and prevent it from making the pastry soggy. a whole tenderloin may be wrapped and baked, and then sliced for serving, or the tenderloin may be sliced into individual portions prior to wrapping and baking.

Drink

Bellini

A bellini is a cocktail made with prosecco and peach purée or nectar. it originated in venice, italy.

Drink

Benromach

Benromach is a speyside distillery founded by duncan mccallum and f.w. brickman in 1898 and currently owned and run by gordon and macphail of elgin. it is situated near forres in morayshire and is fed with spring water from the chapelton springs in the romach hills beside forres.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Berbere

Berbere (oromo: barbaree, amharic: በርበሬ bärbäre, tigrinya: በርበረ bärbärä) is a spice mixture whose constituent elements usually include chili peppers, coriander, garlic, ginger, ethiopian holy basil (besobela) seeds, korarima, rue, ajwain or radhuni, nigella, and fenugreek. it is a key ingredient in the cuisines of ethiopia and eritrea. berbere sometimes encompasses herbs and spices that are less well known internationally. these include both cultivated plants and those that grow wild in ethiopia, such as korarima (aframomum corrorima) and long pepper.

Dessert, Sweet

Berliner

A berliner is a german doughnut with no central hole, made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, with a marmalade or jam filling like a jelly doughnut, and usually icing, powdered sugar or conventional sugar on top.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Berries

A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, red currants, white currants and blackcurrants. in britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits.in common usage, the term "berry" differs from the scientific or botanical definition of a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp). the botanical definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known or referred to as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, bananas, and chili peppers. fruits commonly considered berries but excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits and mulberries, which are multiple fruits. watermelons and pumpkins are giant berries that fall into the category "pepos". a plant bearing berries is said to be bacciferous or baccate. berries are eaten worldwide and often used in jams, preserves, cakes, or pies. some berries are commercially important. the berry industry varies from country to country as do types of berries cultivated or growing in the wild. some berries such as raspberries and strawberries have been bred for hundreds of years and are distinct from their wild counterparts, while other berries, such as lingonberries and cloudberries, grow almost exclusively in the wild. while many berries are edible, some are poisonous to humans, such as deadly nightshade and pokeweed. others, such as the white mulberry, red mulberry, and elderberry, are poisonous when unripe, but are edible when ripe.

Drink

Between the Sheets

The between the sheets is a cocktail consisting of white rum (or other light rum), cognac, triple sec, and lemon juice. when made with gin, instead of rum and cognac, it's called a "maiden's prayer".

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beurre blanc

Beurre blanc ("white butter" in french) is a warm emulsified butter sauce made with a reduction of vinegar and/or white wine (normally muscadet) and shallots into which softened whole butter is whisked in off the heat to prevent separation. the small amount of emulsifiers naturally found in butter are used to form an oil-in-water emulsion. although similar to hollandaise in concept, it is considered neither a classic leading nor compound sauce. this sauce originates in loire valley cuisine.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beurre noisette

Beurre noisette (french pronunciation: ​[bœʁ nwazɛt], literally: hazelnut butter, loosely: brown butter) is a type of warm sauce used in french cuisine. it can accompany savoury foods, such as winter vegetables, pasta, fish, omelettes, and chicken. it has become a popular ingredient in other cultures as well, such as in contemporary american italian cuisine or the traditional american chocolate chip cookie. it is widely used in making french pastry. it has a deep yellow, almost brown, colour and a nutty scent and flavour from the heating process.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beurre rouge

Butter sauce with red wine, herbs and shallots

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beurre Suzette

A sweet, caramelized orange and butter sauce, made with sugar, tangerine or orange juice and zest, grand marnier or orange curaçao liqueur, served with crêpes suzette

Main

Bhuna

A curry is a dish with a sauce seasoned with spices, mainly associated with south asian cuisine. in southern india, leaves from the curry tree may be included.there are many varieties of curry. in traditional cuisines, the selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and preference of the chef. such dishes have names that refer to their ingredients, spicing, and cooking methods. outside the indian subcontinent, a curry is a dish from southeast asia which uses coconut milk or spice pastes, commonly eaten over rice. curries may contain fish, meat, poultry, or shellfish, either alone or in combination with vegetables. others are vegetarian. dry curries are cooked using small amounts of liquid, which is allowed to evaporate, leaving the other ingredients coated with the spice mixture. wet curries contain significant amounts of sauce or gravy based on broth, coconut cream or coconut milk, dairy cream or yogurt, or legume purée, sautéed crushed onion, or tomato purée. curry powder, a commercially prepared mixture of spices marketed in the west, was first exported to britain in the 18th century when indian merchants sold a concoction of spices, similar to garam masala, to the british colonial government and army returning to britain.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Big Mac sauce

The big mac is a hamburger sold by the international fast food restaurant chain mcdonald's. it was introduced in the greater pittsburgh area in 1967 and nationwide in 1968. it is one of the company's flagship products and signature dishes. the big mac contains two beef patties, sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, and onions on a three-piece sesame seed bun.

Breakfast

Bircher muesli

Muesli ( mewz-lee) is a cold oatmeal dish based on rolled oats and ingredients such as grains, nuts, seeds and fresh or dried fruits. muesli was traditionally prepared with milk or cream, a squeeze of citrus juice, often with a sweetener such as honey, and soaked overnight. yoghurt or other mammal or plant milk products are now commonly added to packaged and homemade muesli recipes. developed around 1900 by swiss physician maximilian bircher-benner for patients in his hospital, it is now eaten as a standard breakfast dish, like a breakfast cereal, and also in switzerland as a supper called birchermüesli complet – muesli with café complet (milk coffee, accompanied with bread, butter and jam (butterbrot)).in addition to being made raw, muesli can be toasted. muesli can also be processed further by adding sweetener and oil to bind the ingredients together and baked to produce granola.

Main

Bird's nest soup

Edible bird's nests are bird nests created by edible-nest swiftlets, indian swiftlets, and other swiftlets using solidified saliva, which are harvested for human consumption. they are particularly prized in chinese culture due to their rarity, high protein content and rich flavor. edible bird's nests are among the most expensive animal products consumed by humans, with nests being sold at prices up to about $3,000 per pound ($6,600/kg), depending on grading. the type or grading of a bird's nest depends on the type of bird as well as the shape and color of the bird's nest. it is usually white in color, but there also exists a red version that is sometimes called "blood" nest. according to traditional chinese medicine, it promotes good health, especially for the skin. the nests have been used in chinese cuisine for over 400 years, most often as bird's nest soup.

Main

Biryani

Biryani (/bɜːrˈjɑːni/) is a mixed rice dish originating among the royal khansamas of the durbar of old delhi, under the mughal empire, during the late 16th century of the then mughal court. it is made with indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish) or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes.biryani is one of the most popular dishes in south asia, as well as among the diaspora from the region. similar dishes are also prepared in other parts of the world such as in iraq, thailand, singapore and malaysia. biryani is the single most-ordered dish on indian online food ordering and delivery services.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Biscotti

Biscotti (; italian pronunciation: [biˈskɔtti]; english: biscuits), known also as cantucci ([kanˈtuttʃi]), are italian almond biscuits that originated in the tuscan city of prato. they are twice-baked, oblong-shaped, dry, crunchy, and may be dipped in a drink, traditionally vin santo.

Dessert, Sweet

Bizcocho

Bizcocho (spanish pronunciation: [biθˈkotʃo] or [bisˈkotʃo]) is the name given in the spanish-speaking world to a wide range of pastries, cakes or cookies. the exact product to which the word bizcocho is applied varies widely depending on the region and country. for instance, in spain bizcocho is exclusively used to refer to sponge cake. in uruguay, most buttery flaky pastry including croissants are termed bizcocho, whilst sponge cake is called bizcochuelo. in chile, the dominican republic and bolivia bizcocho refers to a sweet dough (masa) baked with local ingredients, similar to the bizcocho from spain. in ecuador the dough of a bizcocho can either be sweet or salty. the us state new mexico is unusual in using the diminutive form of the name, bizcochito, as the name for a locally developed and very popular cookie.

Dessert, Sweet

Black bun

Black bun, sometimes known as scotch bun, is a type of fruit cake completely covered with pastry. it is scottish in origin, originally eaten on twelfth night but now enjoyed at hogmanay. the cake mixture typically contains raisins, currants, almonds, citrus peel, allspice, ginger, cinnamon and black pepper. it had originally been introduced following the return of mary, queen of scots from france, but its original use at twelfth night ended with the scottish reformation. it was subsequently used for first-footing over hogmanay.

Drink

Black coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

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