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Arabic coffee
Arabic coffee is a version of the brewed coffee of coffea arabica beans. most arab countries throughout the middle east have developed distinct methods for brewing and preparing coffee. cardamom is an often-added spice, but it can alternatively be served plain or with sugar. there are several different styles to brewing the coffee depending on the preference of the drinker. some methods keep the coffee light whereas others can make it dark. arabic coffee is bitter, and typically no sugar is added. it is usually served in a small cup that is adorned with a decorative pattern, known as a finjān. culturally, arabic coffee is served during family gatherings or when receiving guests. arabic coffee is ingrained within middle eastern and arab culture and tradition, and is the most popular form of coffee brewed in the middle east. it originated in the middle east, beginning in yemen and eventually travelling to mecca (hejaz), egypt, the levant, and then, in the mid-16th century, to turkey and from there to europe where coffee eventually became popular as well. arabic coffee is an intangible cultural heritage of arab states confirmed by unesco.
Side, Snack, Appetizer
Baba ghanoush
Baba ghanoush (uk: , us: ; arabic: بابا غنوج, romanized: bābā ġannūj), also spelled baba ganoush or baba ghanouj, is a levantine appetizer consisting of finely chopped roasted eggplant, olive oil, lemon juice, various seasonings, and tahini. the eggplant is traditionally baked or broiled over an open flame before peeling, so that the pulp is soft and has a smoky taste. it is a typical meze ('starter') of the regional cuisine, often served as a side to a main meal and as a dip for pita bread.a very similar dish is mutabbal (arabic: متبل lit. 'spiced'). mutabbal has no vegetables and is sometimes said to be a spicier version of baba ghanoush. mutabbal consists of mashed roasted eggplants, tahini, salt, pepper, garlic, lemon and often yogurt.
Main
Barracuda
A barracuda, or cuda for short, is a large, predatory, ray-finned fish known for its fearsome appearance and ferocious behaviour. the barracuda is a saltwater fish of the genus sphyraena, the only genus in the family sphyraenidae, which was named by constantine samuel rafinesque in 1815. it is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide ranging from the eastern border of the atlantic ocean to the red sea, on its western border the caribbean sea, and in tropical areas of the pacific ocean. barracudas reside near the top of the water and near coral reefs and sea grasses. barracudas are targeted by sport-fishing enthusiasts.
Biryani
Biryani (/bɜːrˈjɑːni/) is a mixed rice dish originating among the royal khansamas of the durbar of old delhi, under the mughal empire, during the late 16th century of the then mughal court. it is made with indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat (chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish) or in some cases without any meat, and sometimes, in addition, eggs and potatoes.biryani is one of the most popular dishes in south asia, as well as among the diaspora from the region. similar dishes are also prepared in other parts of the world such as in iraq, thailand, singapore and malaysia. biryani is the single most-ordered dish on indian online food ordering and delivery services.
Chapati
Chapati (alternatively spelled chapatti, chappati, chapathi, or chappathi; pronounced as iast: capātī, capāṭī, cāpāṭi), also known as roti, rotli, safati, shabaati, phulka, (in east africa) chapo, and (in the maldives) roshi, is an unleavened flatbread originating from the indian subcontinent and staple in india, nepal, bangladesh, pakistan, sri lanka, east africa, arabian peninsula and the caribbean. chapatis are made of whole-wheat flour known as atta, mixed into dough with water, oil (optional), salt (optional) in a mixing utensil called a parat, and are cooked on a tava (flat skillet).it is a common staple in the indian subcontinent as well as amongst expatriates from the indian subcontinent throughout the world. chapatis were also introduced to other parts of the world by immigrants from the indian subcontinent, particularly by indian merchants to central asia, southeast asia, east africa, and the caribbean islands.
Chips mayai
Chipsi mayai (swahili for "chips and eggs"), also known as zege, is the most popular street food found all over tanzania. the dish was invented in the streets of dar es salaam. in its most basic form, chipsi mayai is a simple potato-egg omelette. it is available in all regions of tanzania, from the most remote villages to large towns. food stands both indoors and on streets make them to order. it is the unofficial national dish of the country. it is generally prepared with chips, oil and beaten eggs fried together in a pan. it is often served with kachumbari.
Chorba
Chorba from arabic (شوربه) from the word chareb (شرب, drinked) or shorba is a broad class of stews or rich soups found in national cuisines across the middle east, algeria, central europe, eastern europe, central asia, middle east, balkans and the indian subcontinent. it is often prepared with added ingredients but served alone as a broth or with bread.
Chutney
A chutney is a spread in the cuisines of the indian subcontinent. chutneys are made in a wide variety of forms, such as a tomato relish, a ground peanut garnish, yogurt or curd, cucumber, spicy coconut, spicy onion or mint dipping sauce. a common variant in anglo-indian cuisine uses a tart fruit such as sharp apples, rhubarb or damson pickle made milder by an equal weight of sugar (usually demerara, turbinado or brown sugar to replace jaggery in some indian sweet chutneys). vinegar was added to the recipe for english-style chutney that traditionally aims to give a long shelf life so that autumn fruit can be preserved for use throughout the year (as are jams, jellies and pickles) or else to be sold as a commercial product. indian pickles use mustard oil as a pickling agent, but anglo-indian style chutney uses malt or cider vinegar which produces a milder product that in western cuisine is often eaten with hard cheese or with cold meats and fowl, typically in cold pub lunches.
Coconut bean soup
Coconut curry
Curry with coconut and meat, chicken, fish, seafood, goat, vegetables, plantains
Coffee
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.
Curry
A curry is a dish with a sauce seasoned with spices, mainly associated with south asian cuisine. in southern india, leaves from the curry tree may be included.there are many varieties of curry. in traditional cuisines, the selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and preference of the chef. such dishes have names that refer to their ingredients, spicing, and cooking methods. outside the indian subcontinent, a curry is a dish from southeast asia which uses coconut milk or spice pastes, commonly eaten over rice. curries may contain fish, meat, poultry, or shellfish, either alone or in combination with vegetables. others are vegetarian. dry curries are cooked using small amounts of liquid, which is allowed to evaporate, leaving the other ingredients coated with the spice mixture. wet curries contain significant amounts of sauce or gravy based on broth, coconut cream or coconut milk, dairy cream or yogurt, or legume purée, sautéed crushed onion, or tomato purée. curry powder, a commercially prepared mixture of spices marketed in the west, was first exported to britain in the 18th century when indian merchants sold a concoction of spices, similar to garam masala, to the british colonial government and army returning to britain.
Dafu
Young coconuts
Date nut bread
Bread made with vanilla, dates, walnuts, hazelnuts
Breakfast
Falafel
Falafel (; arabic: فلافل, [fæˈlæːfɪl] (listen)) is a deep-fried ball or patty-shaped fritter in middle eastern cuisine (especially in levantine and egyptian cuisines) made from ground chickpeas, broad beans, or both. nowadays, falafel is often served in a pita, which acts as a pocket, samoon, or wrapped in a flatbread known as taboon; "falafel" also frequently refers to a wrapped sandwich that is prepared in this way. the falafel balls may be topped with salads, pickled vegetables, hot sauce, and drizzled with tahini-based sauces. falafel balls may also be eaten alone as a snack or served as part of a meze tray (assortment of appetizers). falafel is eaten throughout the middle east and is a common street food. falafel is usually made with fava beans in egypt, and called ta'amiya (except for alexandria) , and with chickpeas in the levant and iraq. it is popular with vegetarians worldwide.
Fish
Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. fish has been an important dietary source of protein and other nutrients throughout human history. the english language does not have a special culinary name for food prepared from fish like with other animals (as with pig vs. pork), or as in other languages (such as spanish pescado vs. pez). in culinary and fishery contexts, fish may include so-called shellfish such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms; more expansively, seafood covers both fish and other marine life used as food.since 1961, the average annual increase in global apparent food fish consumption (3.2 percent) has outpaced population growth (1.6 percent) and exceeded consumption of meat from all terrestrial animals, combined (2.8 percent) and individually (bovine, ovine, porcine, etc.), except poultry (4.9 percent). in per capita terms, food fish consumption has grown from 9.0 kg (19.8 lb) in 1961 to 20.2 kg (45 lb) in 2015, at an average rate of about 1.5 percent per year. the expansion in consumption has been driven not only by increased production, but also by a combination of many other factors, including reduced wastage, better utilization, improved distribution channels and growing consumer demand, linked with population growth, rising disposable incomes and urbanization.europe, japan and the united states of america together accounted for 47 percent of the world's total food fish consumption in 1961, but only about 20 percent in 2015. of the global total of 149 million tonnes in 2015, asia consumed more than two-thirds (106 million tonnes at 24.0 kg per capita). oceania and africa consumed the lowest share. the shift is the result of structural changes in the sector and in particular the growing role of asian countries in fish production, as well as a significant gap between the economic growth rates of the world's more mature fish markets and those of many increasingly important emerging markets around the world, particularly in asia.
Fishcake
A fishcake (sometimes written as fish cake) is a culinary dish consisting of filleted fish or other seafood minced or ground, mixed with a starchy ingredient, and fried until golden. asian-style fishcakes usually contain fish with salt, water, flour and egg. they can include a combination of fish paste and surimi. european-style fishcakes are similar to a croquette, consisting of filleted fish or other seafood with potato patty, sometimes coated in breadcrumbs or batter. fishcakes as defined in the oxford dictionary of food and nutrition are chopped or minced fish mixed with potato, egg and flour with seasonings of onions, peppers and sometimes herbs.the fishcake has been seen as a way of using up leftovers that might otherwise be thrown away. in mrs beeton's 19th century publication book of household management, her recipe for fishcakes calls for "leftover fish" and "cold potatoes". more modern recipes have added to the dish, suggesting ingredients such as smoked salmon and vegetables.
Fried cassava
Cassava chips
Fruit
Avocado, bananas, coconut, custard apples, durian, grapes, jackfruit, mandarins, mango, oranges, papaya (pawpaw), passionfruit, pineapple, plantains, watermelon
Fruit juice
Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.
Harees
Harees, jareesh (arabic: هريس), boko boko, or harisa (armenian: հարիսա, romanized: harisa) is a dish of boiled, cracked, or coarsely-ground wheat, mixed with meat and seasoned. its consistency varies between a porridge and a gruel. harees is a popular dish known in arab states of the persian gulf, especially in the month of ramadan.
Dessert, Sweet
Ice cream
Ice cream is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert. it may be made from milk or cream and is flavoured with a sweetener, either sugar or an alternative, and a spice, such as cocoa or vanilla, or with fruit such as strawberries or peaches. it can also be made by whisking a flavored cream base and liquid nitrogen together. food coloring is sometimes added, in addition to stabilizers. the mixture is cooled below the freezing point of water and stirred to incorporate air spaces and to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming. the result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (below 2 °c or 35 °f). it becomes more malleable as its temperature increases. the meaning of the name "ice cream" varies from one country to another. ice cream and gelato, based on cream and milk. frozen yogurt, based on yogurt or kefir. frozen custard, with eggs added to cream and sugar. ice milk. sorbet/slushy, ice pop/popsicle/icicle: water base. examples: frozen cola, frozen lemonade, frozen tea. sherbet, like sorbet but with some milk added.in some countries, such as the united states, "ice cream" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream. products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are sometimes labelled "frozen dairy dessert" instead. in other countries, such as italy and argentina, one word is used for all variants. analogues made from dairy alternatives, such as goat's or sheep's milk, or milk substitutes (e.g., soy, cashew, coconut, almond milk or tofu), are available for those who are lactose intolerant, allergic to dairy protein, or vegan. ice cream may be served in dishes, for eating with a spoon, or licked from edible wafer cones. ice cream may be served with other desserts, such as apple pie, or as an ingredient in ice cream floats, sundaes, milkshakes, ice cream cakes and even baked items, such as baked alaska.
Kachori
Kachori (pronounced [kətʃɔːɽi]) is a spicy deep-fried snack, originating from the indian subcontinent, and common in places with indian diaspora and other south asian diaspora. alternative names for the snack include kachauri, kachodi and katchuri.
Kachumbari
Kachumbari is a fresh tomato and onion salad dish that is popular in the cuisines of the african great lakes region. it is an uncooked salad dish consisting of chopped tomatoes, onions, and chili peppers. variations of kachumbari can be found in kenya, tanzania, rwanda, uganda, burundi and in the southern african countries of malawi and congo.the swahili word kachumbari originated from the indian word cachumber.
Kaimati
Fried dough balls soaked in sugar syrup, serve with tea, coffee
Katlesi
Potato fritters filled with a spiced meat or fish mixture
King mackerel
The king mackerel (scomberomorus cavalla) or kingfish, is a migratory species of mackerel of the western atlantic ocean and gulf of mexico. it is an important species to both the commercial and recreational fishing industries.
Kofta
Kofta are a family of meatball or meatloaf dishes found in middle eastern, south caucasian, south asian, balkan, and central asian cuisines. in the simplest form, koftas consist of balls of minced meat – usually beef, chicken, pork, lamb or mutton, or a mixture – mixed with spices and sometimes other ingredients. the earliest known recipes are found in early arab cookbooks and call for ground lamb. there are many national and regional variations. there are also vegetable and uncooked versions. shapes vary and include balls, patties, and cylinders. sizes typically vary from that of a golf ball to that of an orange.
Kuku paka
Kuku paka is a chicken dish with a coconut-based curry and is also called “kuku na nazi”. it has arabic, indian and african influences. kuku in swahili means chicken. the dish is particularly popular in the east african coast and among the indian communities living in kenya, tanzania and uganda. paka in swahili means to smear, to spread or to apply.coconut milk or coconut cream and curry spices are the main ingredients of the dish. what sets apart kuku paka from other coconut curries is the flavor from char-grilling the chicken before adding it to the coconut curry base. this gives it a smoky flavor. shrimp or fish are often substituted for chicken in this popular east african dish. see "kuku na nazi".
Lobster
Lobsters are a family (nephropidae, synonym homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. lobsters have long bodies with muscular tails, and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important, and are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.commercially important species include two species of homarus (which look more like the stereotypical lobster) from the northern atlantic ocean, and scampi (which look more like a shrimp, or a "mini lobster") — the northern hemisphere genus nephrops and the southern hemisphere genus metanephrops.
Mackerel
Mackerel is an important food fish that is consumed worldwide. as an oily fish, it is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. the flesh of mackerel spoils quickly, especially in the tropics, and can cause scombroid food poisoning. accordingly, it should be eaten on the day of capture, unless properly refrigerated or cured.
Madafu
Coconut water (also coconut juice) is the clear liquid inside coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). in early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. as growth continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. the liquid inside young coconuts is often preferred to the liquid of a ripened coconut. coconut water from young green coconuts is also known specifically as buko juice in philippine english.
Mandazi
Mandazi (swahili: mandazi, maandazi), is a form of fried bread that originated on the swahili coast. it is also known as bofrot or puff puff in western african countries such as ghana and nigeria. it is one of the principal dishes in the cuisine of the swahili people who inhabit the coastal region of kenya and tanzania. the dish is popular in the region, as it is convenient to make, can be eaten with almost any food or dips or just as a snack by itself, and can be saved and reheated for later consumption.
Mango salsa
Marlin
Marlins are fish from the family istiophoridae, which includes about 10 species. a marlin has an elongated body, a spear-like snout or bill, and a long, rigid dorsal fin which extends forward to form a crest. its common name is thought to derive from its resemblance to a sailor's marlinspike. marlins are among the fastest marine swimmers, reaching ~110 km/h (68 mph) in short bursts. however, greatly exaggerated speeds are often claimed in popular literature, based on unreliable or outdated reports.the larger species include the atlantic blue marlin, makaira nigricans, which can reach 5 m (16 ft) in length and 820 kg (1,810 lb) in weight and the black marlin, istiompax indica, which can reach in excess of 5 m (16 ft) in length and 670 kg (1,480 lb) in weight. they are popular sporting fish in tropical areas. the atlantic blue marlin and the white marlin are endangered owing to overfishing.
Mchicha
Leafy greens similar to spinach, stewed, in peanut sauce
Mchuzi wa kamba
Kamba style prawn curry, curried prawns
Mchuzi wa nazi wa pweza
Octopus curry with coconut milk
Mchuzi wa samaki
Fish curry
Mikate ya ajemi
Ajemi flatbread
Mikate ya bwana
Flatbread
Mikate ya maziwa
Milk bread
Mikate ya pembe
Coconut flatbread
Mishkaki
Marinated meat kebabs, made with beef, chicken, lamb, goat, liver, fish, seafood, octopus
Mkate
Bread, made with wheat, rice, sesame, many different types
Mkate wa pembe
Fried square-shaped coconut doughnut
Mkate wa sinia
Coconut rice cake with cardamom and vanilla
Mkate wa ufuta
Sesame flatbread
Mtori
Mtori is a popular tanzanian stew made of bananas and meat, but it contain other ingredients (e.g. potatoes, milk or cream). the soup originated in the kilimanjaro area of tanzania, specifically the moshi-arusha region. plantains/green bananas are often eaten in this region as the main source of starch. it has since spread to other areas throughout tanzania. a special stick is traditionally used to mash the bananas. mtori is often eaten by maasai women during a three-month period postpartum confinement for nutrition. during this postpartum period, women are given mainly soft foods (laini) to eat like mtori.because it is a thick stew, it can be served as a main course. it can be eaten during breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
Ndizi kaanga
Fried plantains/green bananas, zanzibar
Ndizi na kastad
Bananas in sweet custard, topped with nutmeg and cinnamon, may also be made with oranges or pineapples
Ndizi na nyama
Soup with green bananas and meat or fish
Nyama choma
Grilled meat such as goat, sheep, beef, chicken, serve with mukimo (irio), spicy tomato relish
Octopus
People of some cultures eat octopus. the arms and sometimes other body parts are prepared in various ways, often varying by species and/or geography. octopuses are sometimes eaten or prepared alive, a practice that is controversial due to scientific evidence that octopuses experience pain.
Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. in some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily ostreoidea. some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.
Pilau
Pilaf (us spelling) or pilau (uk spelling) is a rice dish, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth, adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables or meat, and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere.at the time of the abbasid caliphate, such methods of cooking rice at first spread through a vast territory from india to spain, and eventually to a wider world. the spanish paella, and the south asian pilau or pulao, and biryani, evolved from such dishes. pilaf and similar dishes are common to balkan, caribbean, south caucasian, central asian, east african, eastern european, latin american, middle eastern, and south asian cuisines. it is a staple food and a popular dish in afghanistan, albania, armenia, azerbaijan, bangladesh, bulgaria, china (notably in xinjiang), cyprus, georgia, greece (notably in crete), india, iraq (notably in kurdistan), iran, israel, kazakhstan, kenya, kyrgyzstan, mongolia, nepal, (pakistani cuisine) pakistan, romania, russia, serbia, sri lanka, tanzania (notably in zanzibar), tajikistan, turkey, turkmenistan, uganda, and uzbekistan.
Pweza wa nazi
Octopus curry with coconut milk spices, garlic and lime
Rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.
Samaki
Stewed, grilled, dried, curried, fried
Samaki wa kupaka
Grilled fish in coconut sauce
Sambusa
A samosa () is a fried or baked pastry with a savory filling, including ingredients such as spiced potatoes, onions, and peas. it may take different forms, including triangular, cone, or half-moon shapes, depending on the region. samosas are often accompanied by chutney, and have origins in medieval times or earlier. samosas are a popular entrée, appetizer, or snack in the cuisines of south asia, the middle east, central asia, east africa and their diasporas. the english word samosa derives from hindi word 'samosa' (hindi: समोसा), traceable to the middle persian word sanbosag (سنبوسگ) 'triangular pastry'. similar pastries are called sambusak in arabic; medieval arabic recipe books sometimes spell it sambusaj. the spelling samoosa is used in south africa.
Sarapatel
Sarapatel (portuguese pronunciation: [sɐɾɐpɐˈtɛɫ], brazilian portuguese: [sɐɾɐpɐˈtɛw]), or sorpotel, is a dish of portuguese origin now commonly cooked in the coastal konkan region of india, primarily goa, mangalore and east indians of mumbai sarpatel. the former estado da índia portuguesa colony. it is also prepared in northeastern brazil. the word ‘sarapatel’ literally means confusion, referring to the mish-mash of ingredients which include pork meat and offal (which includes heart, liver, tongue and even pork blood sometimes). however, in modern-day version, blood is rarely used as now getting the pure blood is slightly difficult. the meat is first parboiled, then diced and sauteed before being cooked in a spicy and vinegary sauce. the flavourings and spices differ from region to region, for example, some use more vinegar. the size of the pieces also varies, as does cooking technique: some sautee the meat prior to cooking it in the sauce, while others add the diced parboiled meat directly to the sauce. in goa and mangalore, sorpotel is often accompanied by "sanna" - a spongy, white, and slightly sweet steamed rice and coconut bread. however, it can also be enjoyed with bread, on rice, or in a bun as a sandwich.
Seafood
Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in asia. seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. the harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals. some seafoods (i.e. kelp) are used as food for other plants (a fertilizer). in these ways, seafoods are used to produce further food for human consumption. also, products such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are extracted from seafoods. some seafood is fed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets such as cats. a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for nonfood purposes (e.g. leather).
Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. modern sharks are classified within the clade selachimorpha (or selachii) and are the sister group to the rays. however, the term "shark" has also been (incorrectly) used to refer to extinct members of the subclass elasmobranchii, which are technically outside the selachimorpha clade. notable examples of improper classification include cladoselache, and various other members of the chondrichthyes class like the holocephalid eugenedontidans. under this broader definition, the earliest known sharks date back to more than 420 million years ago. acanthodians are often referred to as "spiny sharks"; though they are not part of chondrichthyes proper, they are a paraphyletic assemblage leading to cartilaginous fish as a whole. since then, sharks have diversified into over 500 species. they range in size from the small dwarf lanternshark (etmopterus perryi), a deep sea species that is only 17 centimetres (6.7 in) in length, to the whale shark (rhincodon typus), the largest fish in the world, which reaches approximately 12 metres (40 ft) in length. sharks are found in all seas and are common to depths up to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). they generally do not live in freshwater, although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can be found in both seawater and freshwater. sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protects their skin from damage and parasites in addition to improving their fluid dynamics. they have numerous sets of replaceable teeth.several species are apex predators, which are organisms that are at the top of their food chain. select examples include the tiger shark, blue shark, great white shark, mako shark, thresher shark, and hammerhead shark. sharks are caught by humans for shark meat or shark fin soup. many shark populations are threatened by human activities. since 1970, shark populations have been reduced by 71%, mostly from overfishing.
Shrimp
Shrimp are crustaceans with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly caridea and dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are referred to as "shrimp". more narrow definitions may be restricted to caridea, to smaller species of either group or to only the marine species. under a broader definition, shrimp may be synonymous with prawn, covering stalk-eyed swimming crustaceans with long, narrow muscular tails (abdomens), long whiskers (antennae), and slender legs. any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one. they swim forward by paddling with swimmerets on the underside of their abdomens, although their escape response is typically repeated flicks with the tail driving them backwards very quickly. crabs and lobsters have strong walking legs, whereas shrimp have thin, fragile legs which they use primarily for perching.shrimp are widespread and abundant. there are thousands of species adapted to a wide range of habitats. they can be found feeding near the seafloor on most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes. to escape predators, some species flip off the seafloor and dive into the sediment. they usually live from one to seven years. shrimp are often solitary, though they can form large schools during the spawning season.they play important roles in the food chain and are an important food source for larger animals ranging from fish to whales. the muscular tails of many shrimp are edible to humans, and they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption. commercial shrimp species support an industry worth 50 billion dollars a year, and in 2010 the total commercial production of shrimp was nearly 7 million tonnes. shrimp farming became more prevalent during the 1980s, particularly in china, and by 2007 the harvest from shrimp farms exceeded the capture of wild shrimp. there are significant issues with excessive bycatch when shrimp are captured in the wild, and with pollution damage done to estuaries when they are used to support shrimp farming. many shrimp species are small as the term shrimp suggests, about 2 cm (0.79 in) long, but some shrimp exceed 25 cm (9.8 in). larger shrimp are more likely to be targeted commercially and are often referred to as prawns, particularly in britain.
Snapper
Spice cake
Spice cake is traditionally flavored with a mixture of spices. the cake can be prepared in many varieties. predominant flavorings include spices such as cinnamon, cloves, allspice, ginger, and nutmeg.
Squid
A squid is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder decapodiformes. like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, bilateral symmetry, and a mantle. they are mainly soft-bodied, like octopuses, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like gladius or pen, made of chitin. squid diverged from other cephalopods during the jurassic and occupy a similar role to teleost fish as open water predators of similar size and behaviour. they play an important role in the open water food web. the two long tentacles are used to grab prey and the eight arms to hold and control it. the beak then cuts the food into suitable size chunks for swallowing. squid are rapid swimmers, moving by jet propulsion, and largely locate their prey by sight. they are among the most intelligent of invertebrates, with groups of humboldt squid having been observed hunting cooperatively. they are preyed on by sharks, other fish, sea birds, seals and cetaceans, particularly sperm whales. squid can change colour for camouflage and signalling. some species are bioluminescent, using their light for counter-illumination camouflage, while many species can eject a cloud of ink to distract predators. squid are used for human consumption with commercial fisheries in japan, the mediterranean, the southwestern atlantic, the eastern pacific and elsewhere. they are used in cuisines around the world, often known as "calamari". squid have featured in literature since classical times, especially in tales of giant squid and sea monsters.
Stewed lentils
Lentil stew with coconut and potatoes
Stewed red beans
Sugarcane juice
Sugarcane juice is the liquid extracted from pressed sugarcane. it is consumed as a beverage in many places, especially where sugarcane is commercially grown, such as southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, north africa, and latin america. sugarcane juice is obtained by crushing peeled sugar cane in a mill and is one of the main precursors of rum. in the united states where processed sugarcane syrup is used as a sweetener in food and beverage manufacturing, "evaporated cane juice" is considered by the food and drug administration (fda) to be a misleading term for "sugar" on product labels because the fda regards "juice" as a liquid derived from fruits or vegetables; the preferred term is "cane sugar".
Tajine
A tajine or tagine is a north african dish, named after the earthenware pot in which it is cooked. it is also called maraq or marqa.
Tamarind juice
Tamarind (tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is probably indigenous to tropical africa. the genus tamarindus is monotypic, meaning that it contains only this species. it belongs to the family fabaceae. the tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. the pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish. the tree's wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. tamarind's tender young leaves are used in indian and filipino cuisine. because tamarind has multiple uses, it is cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical zones.
Tambi
Sweet vermicelli noodles with raisins, coconut milk, cardamom, vanilla, serve with tea
Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.
Tuna
A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe thunnini, a subgrouping of the scombridae (mackerel) family. the thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: 50 cm or 1.6 ft, weight: 1.8 kg or 4 lb) up to the atlantic bluefin tuna (max length: 4.6 m or 15 ft, weight: 684 kg or 1,508 lb), which averages 2 m (6.6 ft) and is believed to live up to 50 years. tuna, opah and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. an active and agile predator, the tuna has a sleek, streamlined body, and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish – the yellowfin tuna, for example, is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph). greatly inflated speeds can be found in early scientific reports and are still widely reported in the popular literature.found in warm seas, the tuna is commercially fished extensively as a food fish, and is popular as a bluewater game fish. as a result of overfishing, some tuna species, such as the southern bluefin tuna, are threatened with extinction.
Ugali
Ugali, or sima, is a type of stiff maize flour porridge made in africa. it is also known as vuswa, bogobe, fufu, gauli, gima, isitshwala, kimnyet, kuon, mieliepap, ngima, nshima, obokima, ovuchima, (o)busuma, oshifima, oruhere, pap, phutu, posho, sadza, ubugali, and umutsima, among other names. sima is sometimes made from other flours, such as millet or sorghum flour, and is sometimes mixed with cassava flour. it is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. in 2017, the dish was added to the unesco representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, one of a few foods in the list.
Uji
Fermented porridge made with cornmeal, millet, sorghum
Urojo
Soup with meat, vegetables, plantain, potatoes, bhaji, cassava, eggs, kachori
Vegetables
Beans (maharage), cassava (manioc), cassava leaves/greens (kisamvu), corn (maize), green peas (njegere), okra (bamia), spinach (mchicha), sweet potatoes, yams
Vileja
A cookie is a baked or cooked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat and sweet. it usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. it may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, nuts, etc. in most english-speaking countries except for the united states, crunchy cookies are called biscuits. many canadians also use this term. chewier biscuits are sometimes called cookies even in the united kingdom. some cookies may also be named by their shape, such as date squares or bars. biscuit or cookie variants include sandwich biscuits, such as custard creams, jammie dodgers, bourbons and oreos, with marshmallow or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. cookies are often served with beverages such as milk, coffee or tea and sometimes "dunked", an approach which releases more flavour from confections by dissolving the sugars, while also softening their texture. factory-made cookies are sold in grocery stores, convenience stores and vending machines. fresh-baked cookies are sold at bakeries and coffeehouses, with the latter ranging from small business-sized establishments to multinational corporations such as starbucks.
Vitumbua
Coconut rice pancakes
Wali na maharage
Rice and beans, often using coconut rice
Wali wa nazi
Coconut rice is a dish prepared by soaking white rice in coconut milk or cooking it with coconut flakes. as both the coconut and the rice-plant are commonly found in the tropics all-around the world, coconut rice too is found in many cultures throughout the world, spanning across the equator from the indian subcontinent, southeast asia, south america, central america, east africa, the caribbean and oceania.
Zanzibar chocolate
A sesame and honey snack
Zanzibar pizza
Thin, pocket-like fried dough filled with meat, fish, beef, chicken, onions, tomatoes, egg, cheese, mayonnaise, chili peppers
