Breakfast

Bacon

Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. it is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich (blt)), or as a flavouring or accent (as in bacon bits in a salad). bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat. the word is derived from the proto-germanic *bakkon, meaning "back meat". meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". such use is common in areas with significant jewish and muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Baked beans

Baked beans is a dish traditionally containing white beans that are parboiled and then, in the us, baked in sauce at low temperature for a lengthy period. in the united kingdom, the dish is sometimes baked, but usually stewed in sauce. canned baked beans are not baked, but are cooked through a steam process.baked beans originate in native american cuisine, and are made from beans indigenous to the americas. the dish was adopted and adapted by english colonists in new england in the 17th century and, through cookbooks published in the 19th century, spread to other regions of the united states and into canada. today, in the new england region of the united states, a variety of indigenous legumes are used in restaurants or in the home, such as jacob's cattle, soldier beans, yellow-eyed beans, and navy beans (also known as native beans).originally, native americans sweetened baked beans with maple syrup, a tradition some recipes still follow, but some english colonists used brown sugar beginning in the 17th century. in the 18th century, the convention of using american-made molasses as a sweetening agent became increasingly popular to avoid british taxes on sugar. boston baked beans use a sauce prepared with molasses and salt pork, a dish whose popularity has given boston the nickname "beantown".today, baked beans are served throughout the united states alongside barbecue foods and at picnics. beans in a brown sugar, sugar, or corn syrup sauce (with or without tomatoes) are widely available throughout the united states. bush brothers are the largest producer. after the american revolutionary war, independence day celebrations often included baked beans.canned baked beans are used as a convenience food; most are made from haricot beans (aka navy beans) in sauce. they may be eaten hot or cold, and straight from the can, as they are fully cooked. h. j. heinz began producing canned baked beans in 1886. in the early 20th century, canned baked beans gained international popularity, particularly in the united kingdom, where they have become a common part of an english full breakfast.

Drink

Beer

Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. it is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. during the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer. most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent. other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops. in commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the code of hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "the hymn to ninkasi", a prayer to the mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. the brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. the strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (abv), although it may vary between 0.5% and 20%, with some breweries creating examples of 40% abv and above.beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as a rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling, pub quizzes and pub games. when beer is distilled, the resulting liquor is a form of whisky.

Dessert, Sweet

Biscuits

A biscuit is a flour-based baked and shaped food product. in most countries biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. they are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. they can also be savoury, similar to crackers. biscuit may also refer to hard flour-based baked animal feed, as with dog biscuit. in most of north america, nearly all hard sweet biscuits are called "cookies", while the term "biscuit" is used for a soft, leavened quick bread similar to a scone - see biscuit (bread). types of biscuit include sandwich biscuits, digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, chocolate-coated marshmallow treats, anzac biscuits, biscotti, and speculaas.

Main

Bonito

Bonitos are a tribe of medium-sized, ray-finned predatory fish in the family scombridae – a family it shares with the mackerel, tuna, and spanish mackerel tribes, and also the butterfly kingfish. also called the tribe sardini, it consists of eight species across four genera; three of those four genera are monotypic, having a single species each. bonitos closely resemble the skipjack tuna.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Main

Canned fish

Canned or tinned fish are food fish which have been processed, sealed in an airtight container such as a sealed tin can, and subjected to heat. canning is a method of preserving food, and provides a typical shelf life ranging from one to five years. fish have low acidity levels at which microbes can flourish. from a public safety point of view, foods with low acidity (ph greater than 4.6) need sterilization at high temperatures (116–130°c). achieving temperatures above the boiling point requires pressurized cooking. after sterilization, the containing can prevents microorganisms from entering and proliferating inside. other than sterilization, no other method is dependable as a preservative. for example, the microorganism clostridium botulinum (which causes botulism) can only be eliminated at temperatures above the boiling point. preservation techniques are needed to prevent fish spoilage and lengthen shelf life. they are designed to inhibit the activity of spoilage bacteria and the metabolic changes leading to a loss of fish quality. spoilage bacteria are the specific bacteria that produce the unpleasant odours and flavours associated with spoiled fish.

Breakfast

Canned spaghetti

Main

Canned spaghetti

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Main

Chicken curry

Chicken curry or curry chicken is a dish originating from the indian subcontinent. it is common in the indian subcontinent, southeast asia, great britain, and the caribbean. a typical curry from the indian subcontinent consists of chicken stewed in an onion- and tomato-based sauce, flavoured with ginger, garlic, tomato puree, chilli peppers and a variety of spices, often including turmeric, cumin, coriander, cinnamon, and cardamom. outside of south asia, chicken curry is often made with a pre-made spice mixture known as curry powder.

Breakfast

Coconut

The coconut tree (cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus cocos. the term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. the name comes from the old portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. they are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. the coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. the inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking – frying in particular – as well as in soaps and cosmetics. sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. the hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. the coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the western pacific austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. it also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. it has also acquired religious significance in south asian cultures, where it is used in hindu rituals. it forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in hinduism. it also plays a central role in the coconut religion of vietnam. the falling of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.coconuts were first domesticated by the austronesian peoples in island southeast asia and were spread during the neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the pacific islands, and as far west as madagascar and the comoros. they played a critical role in the long sea voyages of austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for austronesian outrigger boats. coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the indian and atlantic oceans by south asian, arab, and european sailors. based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into pacific coconuts and indo-atlantic coconuts, respectively. coconuts were introduced by europeans to the americas only during the colonial era in the columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-columbian introduction of pacific coconuts to panama by austronesian sailors. the evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in asia, south america, or on pacific islands. trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. about 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by indonesia, philippines, and india. the coconut tree is the official state tree of kerala, india.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Coconut, pandanus and coconut cream, cooked in the oven

Drink

Coconut water

Coconut water (also coconut juice) is the clear liquid inside coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). in early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. as growth continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. the liquid inside young coconuts is often preferred to the liquid of a ripened coconut. coconut water from young green coconuts is also known specifically as buko juice in philippine english.

Main

Corned beef

Corned beef, or salt beef in some of the commonwealth of nations, is salt-cured brisket of beef. the term comes from the treatment of the meat with large-grained rock salt, also called "corns" of salt. sometimes, sugar and spices are added to corned beef recipes. corned beef is featured as an ingredient in many cuisines. most recipes include nitrates, which convert the natural myoglobin in beef to nitrosomyoglobin, giving it a pink color. nitrates and nitrites reduce the risk of dangerous botulism during curing by inhibiting the growth of clostridium botulinum bacteria spores, but have been linked to increased cancer risk in mice. beef cured without nitrates or nitrites has a gray color, and is sometimes called "new england corned beef".corned beef was a popular meal throughout numerous wars, including world war i and world war ii, during which fresh meat was rationed. it also remains popular worldwide as an ingredient in a variety of regional dishes and as a common part in modern field rations of various armed forces around the world.

Breakfast

Corn Flakes cereal

Corn flakes, or cornflakes, are a breakfast cereal made from toasting flakes of corn (maize). the cereal, originally made with wheat, was created by will kellogg in 1894 for patients at the battle creek sanitarium where he worked with his brother john kellogg who was the superintendent. the breakfast cereal proved popular among the patients and kellogg subsequently started what became the kellogg company to produce corn flakes for the wider public. a patent for the process was granted in 1896, after a legal battle between the two brothers. with corn flakes becoming popular in the wider community, a previous patient at the sanitarium, c. w. post, started to make rival products. kellogg continued to experiment with various ingredients and different grains. in 1928, he started to manufacture rice krispies, another successful breakfast cereal. there are many generic brands of corn flakes produced by various manufacturers. as well as being used as a breakfast cereal, the crushed flakes can be a substitute for bread crumbs in recipes and can be incorporated into many cooked dishes.

Main

Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (greek: βραχύς, romanized: brachys = short, οὐρά / οura = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. they live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. they first appeared during the jurassic period.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Crisps

A potato chip (often just chip, or crisp in british and irish english) is a thin slice of potato that has been either deep fried, baked, or air fried until crunchy. they are commonly served as a snack, side dish, or appetizer. the basic chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors, and additives. potato chips form a large part of the snack food and convenience food market in western countries. the global potato chip market generated total revenue of us$16.49 billion in 2005. this accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year ($46.1 billion).

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Eggs

Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, a few mammals, and fish, and many of these have been eaten by humans for thousands of years. bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. the most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs. other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail also are eaten. fish eggs are called roe and caviar. egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery. due to their protein content, the united states department of agriculture formerly categorized eggs as meats within the food guide pyramid (now myplate). despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues arising from cholesterol content, salmonella contamination, and allergy to egg proteins. chickens and other egg-laying creatures are kept widely throughout the world and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. in 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. there are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. in 2012, the european union banned battery husbandry of chickens.

Main

Fish

Grilled, cooked in an earth oven, ota ika (ceviche), broiled, dried, sweet and sour

Breakfast

Fish

Grilled, cooked in an earth oven, ota ika (ceviche), broiled, dried, sweet and sour

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fries

French fries (north american english), chips (british english), finger chips (indian english), french-fried potatoes, or simply fries, are batonnet or allumette-cut deep-fried potatoes, disputed origin from belgium and france. they are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them, usually in a deep fryer. pre-cut, blanched, and frozen russet potatoes are widely used, and sometimes baked in a regular or convection oven; air fryers are small convection ovens marketed for frying potatoes. french fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. they are often salted and may be served with ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other local specialities. fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine or chili cheese fries. french fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes. a baked variant, oven fries, uses less or no oil.

Breakfast

Fruit

Apples, bananas, breadfruit, coconut, pandanus (fala), papaya, pineapple (canned)

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

Apples, bananas, breadfruit, coconut, pandanus (fala), papaya, pineapple (canned)

Drink

Fruit juice

Just juice brand

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit salad

Fruit salad is a dish consisting of various kinds of fruit, sometimes served in a liquid, either their own juices or a syrup. in different forms, fruit salad can be served as an appetizer, a side salad. when served as an appetizer, a fruit salad is sometimes known as a fruit cocktail (often connoting a canned product), or fruit cup (when served in a small container). there are many types of fruit salad, ranging from the basic (no nuts, marshmallows, or dressing) to the moderately sweet (waldorf salad) to the sweet (ambrosia salad). another "salad" containing fruit is a jello salad, with its many variations. a fruit cocktail is well-defined in the us to mean a well-distributed mixture of small diced pieces of (from highest percentage to lowest) peaches, pears, pineapple, grapes, and cherry halves. fruit salad may also be canned (with larger pieces of fruit than a cocktail).

Main

Ika mata

ʻota ʻika is a oceanian dish consisting of raw fish marinated in citrus juice and coconut milk. the tongan, tahitian, and samoan variants are essentially identical in that the raw fish is briefly marinated in lemon or lime juice until the surface of the flesh becomes opaque. the fish is then mixed with coconut milk and diced vegetables (most commonly cucumber, tomato, onion, green onion, and spicy peppers). this is the national dish of tonga. the dish is otherwise known as coconut fish in nauru, kokoda in fiji and papua new guinea, oka in samoa, ika mata in the cook islands and new zealand, orao ra in kiribati, and simply poisson cru on the french islands. the word "ota" means "raw" within the polynesian language group, although the more common term for the dish in french polynesia is its french equivalent, "poisson cru" (literally, "raw fish"). any type of seafood can be used to make "ota," the word "ika" means fish ("i'a" in samoan language), but the dish is often prepared with mussels ("ota pipi/maso"), prawns ("ota ulavai"), crab ("ota pa'a/paka"), lobster ("ota ula"), octopus/squid ("ota fe'e/feke"), sea urchin ("ota vana/tuitui"), and eel ("ota pusi"). variants a very similar dish is the kinilaw of the philippines, and its descendant dish, the kelaguen of the marianas islands. the poke of hawaii is also similar though it does not use citrus juices or coconut milk. it is also similar to the latin american ceviche, though the latter is relatively recent and may be a derivative dish, as citruses are not native to the americas.

Main

Instant noodles

Instant noodles, or instant ramen, is a type of fast food consisting of noodles sold in a precooked and dried block with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil. the dried noodle block was originally created by flash frying cooked noodles, and this is still the main method used in asian countries; air-dried noodle blocks are favored in western countries. dried noodle blocks are designed to be cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating. ramen, a japanese adaptation of chinese noodle soup, is sometimes used as a descriptor for instant noodle flavors by some japanese manufacturers. it has become synonymous in the united states for all instant noodle products. instant noodles were invented by momofuku ando of nissin foods in japan. they were launched in 1958 under the brand name chikin ramen. in 1971, nissin introduced cup noodles, the first cup noodle product. instant noodles are marketed worldwide under many brand names. the main ingredients in instant noodles are flour, starch, water, salt and/or kansui (a type of alkaline mineral water containing sodium carbonate and usually potassium carbonate), and sometimes a small amount of phosphoric acid. common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar. the flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles, it is often loose in the cup. some instant noodle products are seal-packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.

Main

Irish stew

Irish stew (irish: stobhach/stobhach gaelach) is a stew native to ireland that is traditionally made with root vegetables and lamb or mutton, but also commonly with beef. as in all traditional folk dishes, the exact recipe is not consistent from time to time, or place to place. basic ingredients include lamb, or mutton (mutton is used as it comes from less tender sheep over a year old, is fattier, and has a stronger flavour, and was generally more common in less-affluent times), as well as potatoes, onions, and parsley. it may sometimes also include carrots. irish stew is also made with kid. irish stew is a celebrated irish dish, yet its composition is a matter of dispute. purists maintain that the only acceptable and traditional ingredients are neck mutton chops or kid, potatoes, onions, and water. others would add such items as carrots, turnips and pearl barley; but the purists maintain that they spoil the true flavour of the dish. the ingredients are boiled and simmered slowly for up to two hours. mutton was the dominant ingredient because the economic importance of sheep lay in their wool and milk produce and this ensured that only old or economically non-viable animals ended up in the cooking pot, where they needed hours of slow cooking. irish stew is the product of a culinary tradition that relied almost exclusively on cooking over an open fire. it seems that irish stew was recognised as early as about 1800.irish stew is considered a national dish of ireland.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Jam

Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread. there are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by method of preparation, type of fruit used, and place in a meal. sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savoury foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.

Drink

Kaleva

Fermented coconut milk

Main

Lamb chops

A meat chop is a cut of meat cut perpendicular to the spine, and usually containing a rib or riblet part of a vertebra and served as an individual portion. the most common kinds of meat chops are pork and lamb. a thin boneless chop, or one with only the rib bone, may be called a cutlet, though the difference is not always clear. the term "chop" is not usually used for beef, but a t-bone steak is essentially a loin chop, a rib steak and a rib cutlet.

Main

Lamb flaps

Lamb breast is a cut from the chest that contains ribs, commonly stuffed and roasted

Main

Lamb neck

Braised, smoked, roasted, stewed, curried

Drink

Milk

Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. it is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. immune factors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose.the us cdc recommends that children over the age of 12 months should have two servings of dairy milk products a day.as an agricultural product, dairy milk is collected from farm animals. in 2011, dairy farms produced around 730 million tonnes (800 million short tons) of milk from 260 million dairy cows. india is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other milk products. because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy products within india, it could eventually become a net importer of dairy products. new zealand, germany and the netherlands are the largest exporters of milk products.more than six billion people worldwide consume milk and milk products, and between 750 and 900 million people live in dairy-farming households.

Dessert, Sweet

Milk biscuits

Main

Ota ika

ʻota ʻika is a oceanian dish consisting of raw fish marinated in citrus juice and coconut milk. the tongan, tahitian, and samoan variants are essentially identical in that the raw fish is briefly marinated in lemon or lime juice until the surface of the flesh becomes opaque. the fish is then mixed with coconut milk and diced vegetables (most commonly cucumber, tomato, onion, green onion, and spicy peppers). this is the national dish of tonga. the dish is otherwise known as coconut fish in nauru, kokoda in fiji and papua new guinea, oka in samoa, ika mata in the cook islands and new zealand, orao ra in kiribati, and simply poisson cru on the french islands. the word "ota" means "raw" within the polynesian language group, although the more common term for the dish in french polynesia is its french equivalent, "poisson cru" (literally, "raw fish"). any type of seafood can be used to make "ota," the word "ika" means fish ("i'a" in samoan language), but the dish is often prepared with mussels ("ota pipi/maso"), prawns ("ota ulavai"), crab ("ota pa'a/paka"), lobster ("ota ula"), octopus/squid ("ota fe'e/feke"), sea urchin ("ota vana/tuitui"), and eel ("ota pusi"). variants a very similar dish is the kinilaw of the philippines, and its descendant dish, the kelaguen of the marianas islands. the poke of hawaii is also similar though it does not use citrus juices or coconut milk. it is also similar to the latin american ceviche, though the latter is relatively recent and may be a derivative dish, as citruses are not native to the americas.

Main

Pasta with tomatoes and eggplant

Main

Pork

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). it is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 bc.pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. ham, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork. charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. pork is the most popular meat in the western world, particularly in central europe. it is also very popular in east and southeast asia (mainland southeast asia, philippines, singapore, east timor, and malaysia). the meat is highly prized in asian cuisines, especially in mainland china, for its fat content and texture. some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably islam and judaism.

Dessert, Sweet

Puleleti

Sweets made with grated coconut and caramelized sugar

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Puta

Fried bread

Breakfast

Puta

Fried bread

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Main

Salt beef

Corned beef, or salt beef in some of the commonwealth of nations, is salt-cured brisket of beef. the term comes from the treatment of the meat with large-grained rock salt, also called "corns" of salt. sometimes, sugar and spices are added to corned beef recipes. corned beef is featured as an ingredient in many cuisines. most recipes include nitrates, which convert the natural myoglobin in beef to nitrosomyoglobin, giving it a pink color. nitrates and nitrites reduce the risk of dangerous botulism during curing by inhibiting the growth of clostridium botulinum bacteria spores, but have been linked to increased cancer risk in mice. beef cured without nitrates or nitrites has a gray color, and is sometimes called "new england corned beef".corned beef was a popular meal throughout numerous wars, including world war i and world war ii, during which fresh meat was rationed. it also remains popular worldwide as an ingredient in a variety of regional dishes and as a common part in modern field rations of various armed forces around the world.

Main

Sausage

A sausage is a type of meat product usually made from ground meat—often pork, beef, or poultry—along with salt, spices and other flavourings. other ingredients, such as grains or breadcrumbs may be included as fillers or extenders. when used as an adjective, the word sausage can refer to the loose sausage meat, which can be formed into patties or stuffed into a skin. when referred to as "a sausage", the product is usually cylindrical and encased in a skin. typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes from synthetic materials. sausages that are sold raw are cooked in many ways, including pan-frying, broiling and barbecuing. some sausages are cooked during processing, and the casing may then be removed. sausage-making is a traditional food preservation technique. sausages may be preserved by curing, drying (often in association with fermentation or culturing, which can contribute to preservation), smoking, or freezing. some cured or smoked sausages can be stored without refrigeration. most fresh sausages must be refrigerated or frozen until they are cooked. sausages are made in a wide range of national and regional varieties, which differ by the types of meats that are used, the flavouring or spicing ingredients (garlic, peppers, wine, etc.), and the manner of preparation. in the 21st century, vegetarian and vegan varieties of sausage which completely substitute plant-based ingredients for meat have become much more widely available and consumed.

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Sea bird eggs

Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment. while seabirds vary greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology, they often exhibit striking convergent evolution, as the same environmental problems and feeding niches have resulted in similar adaptations. the first seabirds evolved in the cretaceous period, and modern seabird families emerged in the paleogene. in general, seabirds live longer, breed later and have fewer young than other birds do, but they invest a great deal of time in their young. most species nest in colonies, which can vary in size from a few dozen birds to millions. many species are famous for undertaking long annual migrations, crossing the equator or circumnavigating the earth in some cases. they feed both at the ocean's surface and below it, and even feed on each other. seabirds can be highly pelagic, coastal, or in some cases spend a part of the year away from the sea entirely. seabirds and humans have a long history together: they have provided food to hunters, guided fishermen to fishing stocks and led sailors to land. many species are currently threatened by human activities, such as from oil spills, getting trapped in nets, and by climate change and severe weather. conservation efforts include the establishment of wildlife refugees and adjustments to fishing techniques.

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Seafood

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in asia. seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. the harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals. some seafoods (i.e. kelp) are used as food for other plants (a fertilizer). in these ways, seafoods are used to produce further food for human consumption. also, products such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are extracted from seafoods. some seafood is fed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets such as cats. a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for nonfood purposes (e.g. leather).

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Shark

Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. modern sharks are classified within the clade selachimorpha (or selachii) and are the sister group to the rays. however, the term "shark" has also been (incorrectly) used to refer to extinct members of the subclass elasmobranchii, which are technically outside the selachimorpha clade. notable examples of improper classification include cladoselache, and various other members of the chondrichthyes class like the holocephalid eugenedontidans. under this broader definition, the earliest known sharks date back to more than 420 million years ago. acanthodians are often referred to as "spiny sharks"; though they are not part of chondrichthyes proper, they are a paraphyletic assemblage leading to cartilaginous fish as a whole. since then, sharks have diversified into over 500 species. they range in size from the small dwarf lanternshark (etmopterus perryi), a deep sea species that is only 17 centimetres (6.7 in) in length, to the whale shark (rhincodon typus), the largest fish in the world, which reaches approximately 12 metres (40 ft) in length. sharks are found in all seas and are common to depths up to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). they generally do not live in freshwater, although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can be found in both seawater and freshwater. sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protects their skin from damage and parasites in addition to improving their fluid dynamics. they have numerous sets of replaceable teeth.several species are apex predators, which are organisms that are at the top of their food chain. select examples include the tiger shark, blue shark, great white shark, mako shark, thresher shark, and hammerhead shark. sharks are caught by humans for shark meat or shark fin soup. many shark populations are threatened by human activities. since 1970, shark populations have been reduced by 71%, mostly from overfishing.

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Shellfish

Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some are found in freshwater. in addition, a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example cardisoma guanhumi in the caribbean. shellfish are among the most common food allergens.despite the name, shellfish are not fish. most shellfish are low on the food chain and eat a diet composed primarily of phytoplankton and zooplankton. many varieties of shellfish, and crustaceans in particular, are actually closely related to insects and arachnids; crustaceans make up one of the main subphyla of the phylum arthropoda. molluscs include cephalopods (squids, octopuses, cuttlefish) and bivalves (clams, oysters), as well as gastropods (aquatic species such as whelks and winkles; land species such as snails and slugs). molluscs used as a food source by humans include many species of clams, mussels, oysters, winkles, and scallops. some crustaceans that are commonly eaten are shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, crabs and barnacles. echinoderms are not as frequently harvested for food as molluscs and crustaceans; however, sea urchin roe is quite popular in many parts of the world, where the live delicacy is harder to transport.though some shellfish harvesting has been unsustainable, and shrimp farming has been destructive in some parts of the world, shellfish farming can be important to environmental restoration, by developing reefs, filtering water and eating biomass.

Drink

Soft drinks

Note: soft drinks have been banned since 2014

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Spiny lobster

Spiny lobsters, also known as langustas, langouste, or rock lobsters, are a family (palinuridae) of about 60 species of achelate crustaceans, in the decapoda reptantia. spiny lobsters are also, especially in australia, new zealand, ireland, south africa, and the bahamas, called crayfish, sea crayfish, or crawfish ("kreef" in south africa), terms which elsewhere are reserved for freshwater crayfish.

Drink

Spirits

Alcohol, note: the sale of spirits has been banned on fakaofo

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Squid

A squid is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder decapodiformes. like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, bilateral symmetry, and a mantle. they are mainly soft-bodied, like octopuses, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like gladius or pen, made of chitin. squid diverged from other cephalopods during the jurassic and occupy a similar role to teleost fish as open water predators of similar size and behaviour. they play an important role in the open water food web. the two long tentacles are used to grab prey and the eight arms to hold and control it. the beak then cuts the food into suitable size chunks for swallowing. squid are rapid swimmers, moving by jet propulsion, and largely locate their prey by sight. they are among the most intelligent of invertebrates, with groups of humboldt squid having been observed hunting cooperatively. they are preyed on by sharks, other fish, sea birds, seals and cetaceans, particularly sperm whales. squid can change colour for camouflage and signalling. some species are bioluminescent, using their light for counter-illumination camouflage, while many species can eject a cloud of ink to distract predators. squid are used for human consumption with commercial fisheries in japan, the mediterranean, the southwestern atlantic, the eastern pacific and elsewhere. they are used in cuisines around the world, often known as "calamari". squid have featured in literature since classical times, especially in tales of giant squid and sea monsters.

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Sweet and sour fish

Sweet and sour is a generic term that encompasses many styles of sauce, cuisine and cooking methods. it is commonly used in east asia and southeast asia, and has been used in england since the middle ages. sweet and sour remains popular in europe and the americas.

Drink

Tang

Tang is an american drink mix brand that was formulated by general foods corporation food scientist william a. mitchell and general foods corporation chemist william bruce james in 1957, and first marketed in powdered form in 1959. the tang brand is currently owned in most countries by mondelēz international, a 2012 north american company spun off from kraft foods. kraft heinz owned tang brand in north america. sales of tang were poor until nasa used it on john glenn's mercury flight in february 1962, and on subsequent gemini missions. since then it has been closely associated with the u.s. human spaceflight program, which created the misconception that tang was invented for the space program.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Taro

Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, a root vegetable most commonly known as taro (), among many other names (see § names and etymology below). it is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. taro corms are a food staple in african, oceanic, and south asian cultures (similar to yams), and taro is believed to have been one of the earliest cultivated plants.

Drink

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

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Tuna

A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe thunnini, a subgrouping of the scombridae (mackerel) family. the thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: 50 cm or 1.6 ft, weight: 1.8 kg or 4 lb) up to the atlantic bluefin tuna (max length: 4.6 m or 15 ft, weight: 684 kg or 1,508 lb), which averages 2 m (6.6 ft) and is believed to live up to 50 years. tuna, opah and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. an active and agile predator, the tuna has a sleek, streamlined body, and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish – the yellowfin tuna, for example, is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph). greatly inflated speeds can be found in early scientific reports and are still widely reported in the popular literature.found in warm seas, the tuna is commercially fished extensively as a food fish, and is popular as a bluewater game fish. as a result of overfishing, some tuna species, such as the southern bluefin tuna, are threatened with extinction.

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Turtle

Turtles are an order of reptiles known as testudines, characterized by a shell developed mainly from their ribs. modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the side-necked turtles and hidden neck turtles, which differ in the way the head retracts. there are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land-dwelling tortoises and freshwater terrapins. they are found on most continents, some islands and, in the case of sea turtles, much of the ocean. like other reptiles, birds, and mammals, they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. genetic evidence typically places them in close relation to crocodilians and birds. turtle shells are made mostly of bone; the upper part is the domed carapace, while the underside is the flatter plastron or belly-plate. its outer surface is covered in scales made of keratin, the material of hair, horns, and claws. the carapace bones develop from ribs that grow sideways and develop into broad flat plates that join up to cover the body. turtles are ectotherms or "cold-blooded", meaning that their internal temperature varies with their direct environment. they are generally opportunistic omnivores and mainly feed on plants and animals with limited movements. many turtles migrate short distances seasonally. sea turtles are the only reptiles that migrate long distances to lay their eggs on a favored beach. turtles have appeared in myths and folktales around the world. some terrestrial and freshwater species are widely kept as pets. turtles have been hunted for their meat, for use in traditional medicine, and for their shells. sea turtles are often killed accidentally as bycatch in fishing nets. turtle habitats around the world are being destroyed. as a result of these pressures, many species are threatened with extinction.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Vegetables

Carrots, garlic, mushrooms (canned), onions, potatoes, sweet potatoes

Drink

Zap

Chocolate drink