Side, Snack, Appetizer

Achard

A south asian pickle, also known as avalehikā, pachchadi, achaar (sometimes spelled as aachaar), athaanu, loncha, oorugaai, or aavakaai is a pickled food, native to the indian subcontinent, made from a variety of vegetables and fruits, preserved in brine, vinegar, or edible oils along with various indian spices.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Avocado salad

The avocado (persea americana) is a tree originating in the americas which is likely native to the highland regions of south-central mexico to guatemala. it is classified as a member of the flowering plant family lauraceae. the fruit of the plant, also called an avocado (or avocado pear or alligator pear), is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. avocado trees are partially self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain predictable fruit quality and quantity.avocados are cultivated in tropical and mediterranean climates of many countries, with mexico as the leading producer of avocados in 2019, supplying 32% of the world total. avocado production is one of the most environmentally intensive fruits, using 70 litres (18 us gallons; 15 imperial gallons) of water per avocado, and over 400 grams of co2 emissions. in major production regions like chile, mexico and california, the water demands for avocado puts pressure on overall water resources. avocado production is also connected to other concerns, including environmental justice and human rights concerns, deforestation and connections of mexican avocados with organized crime. climate change is expected to cause significant changes in the suitable growing zones for avocados, and put additional pressure due to heat waves and drought.the fruit of domestic varieties has a buttery flesh when ripe. depending on the variety, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin when ripe, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. commercially, the fruits are picked while immature, and ripened after harvesting. the high fat and smooth texture of avocados make it a useful and diverse food in different cuisines, and is traditionally important in mexican foods. the high nutritional value and concentration of fat, make avocados a commonly used food in vegetarian foods and generally is thought nutritious and healthy.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Baguette

A baguette (; french: [baɡɛt] (listen)) is a long, thin type of bread of french origin that is commonly made from basic lean dough (the dough, though not the shape, is defined by french law). it is distinguishable by its length and crisp crust. a baguette has a diameter of about 5 to 6 centimetres (2–2+1⁄2 inches) and a usual length of about 65 cm (26 in), although a baguette can be up to 1 m (39 in) long. in november 2018, documentation surrounding the "craftsmanship and culture" on making this bread was added to the french ministry of culture's national inventory of intangible cultural heritage. in may 2021, france submitted the baguette for unesco heritage status.

Main

Bami

Mie goreng (indonesian: mie goreng or mi goreng; meaning "fried noodles"), also known as bakmi goreng, is an indonesian style of stir-fried noodle dish. it is made with thin yellow noodles stir fried in cooking oil with garlic, onion or shallots, fried prawn, chicken, beef, or sliced bakso (meatballs), chili, chinese cabbage, cabbages, tomatoes, egg, and other vegetables. ubiquitous in indonesia, it is sold by food vendors from street-hawkers, warungs, to high-end restaurants.

Main

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Breakfast

Beignet

Beignet ( ben-yay, also us: bayn-yay, ben-yay, french: [bɛɲɛ]; lit. 'bump') is a type of fritter, or deep-fried pastry, typically made from pâte à choux, but may also be made from other types of dough, including yeast dough. it is popular in french, italian and french-american cuisines.

Dessert, Sweet

Beignet

Beignet ( ben-yay, also us: bayn-yay, ben-yay, french: [bɛɲɛ]; lit. 'bump') is a type of fritter, or deep-fried pastry, typically made from pâte à choux, but may also be made from other types of dough, including yeast dough. it is popular in french, italian and french-american cuisines.

Main

Blanquette de veau

Blanquette de veau ([blɑ̃kɛt də vo]) is a french veal ragout in which neither the veal nor the butter is browned in the cooking process. to refrain from browning meat and fat in this way, is to cook them en blanquette. prosper montagne wrote that "blanquette had a very important place in historical cuisine and became a classic of bourgeois cookery. blanquettes are also made with fish (monkfish) and vegetables (chard and celery.)"

Main

Blue prawn

Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (which is a member of the order decapoda), some of which can be eaten.the term "prawn" is used particularly in the united kingdom, ireland, and commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry. shrimp that are present in this category often belong to the suborder dendrobranchiata. in north america, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. the terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. over the years, the way they are used has changed, and in contemporary usage the terms are almost interchangeable.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Boudin blanc

White meat sausage, made with pork, chicken, veal

Main

Bougna

Bougna is a traditional feast dish of the kanak people of new caledonia. the word "bougna" comes from the drehu word "puhnya" meaning "bundle", "pack".bougna often contains taro, yam, sweet potato, banana, and pieces of either chicken, fish, crab, prawns or lobster. the contents are wrapped in banana leaves and are then buried to cook in a ground oven, which uses red-hot rocks heated by fire. after about two hours of cooking, the banana leaves are unearthed and unwrapped, and the contents are eaten.

Main

Boulette

A meatball is ground meat rolled into a ball, sometimes along with other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, minced onion, eggs, butter, and seasoning. meatballs are cooked by frying, baking, steaming, or braising in sauce. there are many types of meatballs using different types of meats and spices. the term is sometimes extended to meatless versions based on vegetables or fish; the latter are also commonly known as fishballs.

Dessert, Sweet

Breadfruit and coconut milk

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Breadfruit and coconut milk

Dessert, Sweet

Bredele

Bredele (also referred to as bredala, bredle or winachtsbredele) are biscuits or small cakes traditionally baked in alsace and moselle, france, especially during the christmas period. many varieties can be found, including new ones, so that assortments can be created. they can include anisbredela (cake with egg white and aniseed) butterbredle, schwowebredle (orange and cinnamon), spritzbredle, small pain d'épices and spice cakes that are made with sugar rather than honey. baking bredeles at christmas is popular in alsace. the tradition is for each family to bake its own, and then offer it as a christmas gift to every person surrounding them. the word comes from low alemannic german, which means christmas cookies.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Brie

Brie (; french: [bʁi]) is a soft cow's-milk cheese named after brie, the french region from which it originated (roughly corresponding to the modern département of seine-et-marne). it is pale in color with a slight grayish tinge under a rind of white mould. the rind is typically eaten, with its flavor depending largely upon the ingredients used and its manufacturing environment. it is similar to camembert, which is native to a different region of france. brie typically contains between 60% and 75% butterfat, slightly higher than camembert."brie" is a style of cheese, and is not in itself a protected name, although some regional bries are protected.

Main

Brochette

Skewered and grilled meat, chicken, pork, goat, beef, fish, scallops, prawns, venison, vegetables

Dessert, Sweet

Bûche de Noël

A yule log or bûche de noël (french pronunciation: ​[byʃ də nɔɛl]) is a traditional christmas cake, often served as a dessert near christmas, especially in france, belgium, switzerland, and several former french colonies such as canada, vietnam, and lebanon. variants are also served in the united states, united kingdom, portugal, and spain. made of sponge cake, to resemble a miniature actual yule log, it is a form of sweet roulade. the cake emerged in the 19th century, probably in france, before spreading to other countries. it is traditionally made from a genoise, generally baked in a large, shallow swiss roll pan, iced, rolled to form a cylinder, and iced again on the outside. the most common combination is basic yellow sponge cake and chocolate buttercream, though many variations that include chocolate cake, ganache, and icings flavored with espresso or liqueurs exist. yule logs are often served with one end cut off and set atop the cake, or protruding from its side to resemble a chopped off branch. a bark-like texture is often produced by dragging a fork through the icing, and powdered sugar sprinkled to resemble snow. other cake decorations may include actual tree branches, fresh berries, and mushrooms made of meringue or marzipan. the name bûche de noël originally referred to the yule log itself, and was transferred to the dessert after the custom had fallen out of popular use. references to it as bûche de noël or, in english, yule log, can be found from at least the edwardian era (for example, f. vine, saleable shop goods (1898 and later).

Main

Bulime

Snails from the isle of pines, for example, cooked in coconut milk, with garlic and butter, in stews, bougna

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Camembert

Camembert (, also uk: , us: , french: [kamɑ̃bɛʁ] (listen)) is a moist, soft, creamy, surface-ripened cow's milk cheese. it was first made in the late 18th century in camembert, normandy, in northwest france. it is sometimes compared in look and taste to brie cheese, albeit with a slightly lower butterfat content than brie's typical 60% and 75% by weight.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cantal

Cantal cheese is an uncooked firm cheese produced in the auvergne region of central france: more particularly in the département of cantal (named after the cantal mountains) as well as in certain adjoining districts. cantal cheese was granted appellation d'origine contrôlée certification in 1956. one of the oldest cheeses in france, cantal dates back to the times of the gauls. it came to prominence when marshal henri de la ferté-senneterre served it at the table of louis xiv of france. senneterre is also responsible for the introduction of saint-nectaire and salers.

Main

Cassoulet

Cassoulet (, also uk: , us: ; french: [kasulɛ]; from occitan caçolet [kasuˈlet] (listen) and cognates with spanish: cazoleta and catalan: cassolet) is a rich, slow-cooked casserole containing meat (typically pork sausages, goose, duck and sometimes mutton), pork skin (couennes) and white beans (haricots blancs), originating in southern france. it is named after its traditional cooking vessel, the casserole, a deep, round, earthenware pot with slanting sides.the dish is said to have originated in the town of castelnaudary, and is particularly popular in the neighboring towns of toulouse and carcassonne. it is associated with the region once known as the province of languedoc. an organization called the grand brotherhood of the cassoulet of castelnaudary (french: la grande confrérie du cassoulet de castelnaudary), has organized competitions and fairs featuring cassoulet every year since 1999.

Main

Cerf

Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family cervidae. the two main groups of deer are the cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the capreolinae, including the reindeer (caribou), white-tailed deer, the roe deer, and the moose. male deer of all species (except the water deer) as well as female reindeer, grow and shed new antlers each year. in this they differ from permanently horned antelope, which are part of a different family (bovidae) within the same order of even-toed ungulates (artiodactyla). the musk deer (moschidae) of asia and chevrotains (tragulidae) of tropical african and asian forests are separate families that are also in the ruminant clade ruminantia; they are not especially closely related to cervidae. deer appear in art from paleolithic cave paintings onwards, and they have played a role in mythology, religion, and literature throughout history, as well as in heraldry, such as red deer that appear in the coat of arms of åland. their economic importance includes the use of their meat as venison, their skins as soft, strong buckskin, and their antlers as handles for knives. deer hunting has been a popular activity since the middle ages and remains a resource for many families today.

Main

Ceviche

Ceviche, also cebiche, seviche, or sebiche (spanish pronunciation: [seˈβitʃe]) is a south american seafood dish originally from what is the modern day country of peru, typically made from fresh raw fish cured in fresh citrus juices, most commonly lemon or lime. it is also spiced with ají, chili peppers or other seasonings and julienned red onions, salt, and coriander are also added. the name originates from the quechuan word siwichi, which means fresh or tender fish.because the dish is eaten raw, and not cooked with heat, it must be prepared fresh and consumed immediately to minimize the risk of food poisoning. ceviche is often eaten as an appetizer; if eaten as a main dish, it is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavors, such as sweet potato, lettuce, maize, avocado, or cooking banana.the dish is popular in the pacific coastal regions of western south america. the origin of ceviche is ancient incan which today corresponds to the modern day country of peru. the technique of macerating raw fish and meat in vinegar, citrus, and spices (escabeche) was brought to the americas from spain and is linked to the muslim heritage in spanish cuisine. however, archeological records suggest that something resembling ceviche may have been in the western south america as early as two thousand years ago. the dominant position lima held through four centuries as the capital of the viceroyalty of peru allowed for popular dishes such as ceviche to be brought to other spanish administrative provinces in the region, and in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chả giò

Chả giò (vietnamese: [ca᷉ː jɔ̂]), or nem rán (see also egg rolls), also known as fried spring roll, is a popular dish in vietnamese cuisine and usually served as an appetizer in europe and north america, where there are large vietnamese diaspora. it is ground meat, usually pork, wrapped in rice paper and deep-fried.

Drink

Champagne

Champagne (, french: [ʃɑ̃paɲ]) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the champagne wine region of france under the rules of the appellation, that demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation. the grapes pinot noir, pinot meunier, and chardonnay are used to produce almost all champagne, but small amounts of pinot blanc, pinot gris (called fromenteau in champagne), arbane, and petit meslier are vinified as well. champagne became associated with royalty in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. the leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their champagnes with nobility and royalty through advertising and packaging, which led to its popularity among the emerging middle class.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chèvre

Goat cheese, or chèvre ( or ; from french fromage de chèvre 'goat cheese'), is cheese made from goat's milk. goats were among the first animals to be domesticated for producing food. goat cheese is made around the world with a variety of recipes, giving many different styles of cheese, from fresh and soft to aged and hard.

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Dessert, Sweet

Chocolate

Chocolate is a food product made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels, that is available as a liquid, solid or paste, on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. cacao has been consumed in some form since at least the olmec civilization (19th-11th century bce), and the majority of mesoamerican people ─ including the maya and aztecs ─ made chocolate beverages.the seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste and must be fermented to develop the flavor. after fermentation, the seeds are dried, cleaned, and roasted. the shell is removed to produce cocoa nibs, which are then ground to cocoa mass, unadulterated chocolate in rough form. once the cocoa mass is liquefied by heating, it is called chocolate liquor. the liquor may also be cooled and processed into its two components: cocoa solids and cocoa butter. baking chocolate, also called bitter chocolate, contains cocoa solids and cocoa butter in varying proportions, without any added sugar. powdered baking cocoa, which contains more fiber than cocoa butter, can be processed with alkali to produce dutch cocoa. much of the chocolate consumed today is in the form of sweet chocolate, a combination of cocoa solids, cocoa butter or added vegetable oils, and sugar. milk chocolate is sweet chocolate that additionally contains milk powder or condensed milk. white chocolate contains cocoa butter, sugar, and milk, but no cocoa solids. chocolate is one of the most popular food types and flavors in the world, and many foodstuffs involving chocolate exist, particularly desserts, including cakes, pudding, mousse, chocolate brownies, and chocolate chip cookies. many candies are filled with or coated with sweetened chocolate. chocolate bars, either made of solid chocolate or other ingredients coated in chocolate, are eaten as snacks. gifts of chocolate molded into different shapes (such as eggs, hearts, coins) are traditional on certain western holidays, including christmas, easter, valentine's day, and hanukkah. chocolate is also used in cold and hot beverages, such as chocolate milk and hot chocolate, and in some alcoholic drinks, such as creme de cacao. although cocoa originated in the americas, west african countries, particularly côte d'ivoire and ghana, are the leading producers of cocoa in the 21st century, accounting for some 60% of the world cocoa supply. with some two million children involved in the farming of cocoa in west africa, child slavery and trafficking associated with the cocoa trade remain major concerns. a 2018 report argued that international attempts to improve conditions for children were doomed to failure because of persistent poverty, absence of schools, increasing world cocoa demand, more intensive farming of cocoa, and continued exploitation of child labor.

Main

Choucroute garnie

Choucroute garnie (french for dressed sauerkraut) is an alsatian recipe for preparing sauerkraut with sausages and other salted meats and charcuterie, and often potatoes. although sauerkraut/cabbage is a traditionally german and eastern european dish, when alsace and lorraine became part of france following the westphalia peace treaties in 1648, it brought this dish to the attention of french chefs and it has since been widely adopted in france.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chou farci

Cabbage rolls

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chouquette

Choux pastry, or pâte à choux (french: [pɑ.t‿a ʃu]), is a delicate pastry dough used in many pastries. basic ingredients usually only include butter, water, flour and eggs (auxiliary ingredients and flavorings are also added). instead of a raising agent, choux pastry employs its high moisture content to create steam, as the water in the dough evaporates when baked, puffing the pastry. the pastry is used in many european cuisines, including french cuisine and spanish cuisine, and is the basis of many notable desserts, including profiteroles, éclairs and churros.

Dessert, Sweet

Clafoutis

Clafoutis (french pronunciation: ​[klafuti]; occitan: clafotís [klafuˈtis] or [kʎafuˈtiː]), sometimes spelled clafouti in anglophone countries, is a baked french dessert of fruit, traditionally black cherries, arranged in a buttered dish and covered with a thick flan-like batter. the clafoutis is dusted with powdered sugar and served lukewarm, sometimes with cream. a traditional limousin clafoutis contains not only the flesh of the cherries used, but also the nut-like kernels in the stones. cherry kernels contain benzaldehyde, the compound responsible for the dominant flavour in almond extract. they also contain a small amount of amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside - a compound potentially capable of releasing cyanide if consumed, but non-toxic in small quantities.

Main

Coconut crab

The coconut crab (birgus latro) is a species of terrestrial hermit crab, also known as the robber crab or palm thief. it is the largest terrestrial arthropod in the world, with a weight of up to 4.1 kg (9 lb). it can grow to up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in width from the tip of one leg to the tip of another. it is found on islands across the indian ocean, and parts of the pacific ocean as far east as the gambier islands and pitcairn islands, similar to the distribution of the coconut palm; it has been extirpated from most areas with a significant human population, including mainland australia and madagascar. coconut crabs also live off the coast of africa near zanzibar. the coconut crab is the only species of the genus birgus, and is related to the other terrestrial hermit crabs of the genus coenobita. it shows a number of adaptations to life on land. juvenile coconut crabs use empty gastropod shells for protection like other hermit crabs, but the adults develop a tough exoskeleton on their abdomens and stop carrying a shell. coconut crabs have organs known as branchiostegal lungs, which they use for breathing instead of their vestigial gills. after the juvenile stage, they will drown if immersed in water for too long. they have an acute sense of smell which they use to find potential food sources, and which has developed convergently with that of insects. adult coconut crabs feed primarily on fleshy fruits, nuts, seeds, and the pith of fallen trees, but they will eat carrion and other organic matter opportunistically. anything left unattended on the ground is a potential source of food, which they will investigate and may carry away – thereby getting the alternative name of "robber crab." the species is popularly associated with the coconut palm, yet coconuts are not a significant part of its diet. although it lives in a burrow, the crab has been filmed climbing coconut and pandanus trees. no film shows a crab selectively picking coconut fruit, though they might dislodge ripe fruit that otherwise would fall naturally. climbing is an immediate escape route (if too far from the burrow) to avoid predation by large sea birds (when young) or by humans, or cannibalism (at any age) by bigger, older crabs. mating occurs on dry land, but the females return to the edge of the sea to release their fertilized eggs, and then retreat back up the beach. the larvae that hatch are planktonic for 3–4 weeks, before settling to the sea floor, entering a gastropod shell and returning to dry land. sexual maturity is reached after about 5 years, and the total lifespan may be over 60 years. in the 3–4 weeks that the larvae remain at sea, their chances of reaching another suitable location is enhanced if a floating life support system avails itself to them. examples of the systems that provide such opportunities include floating logs and rafts of marine or terrestrial vegetation. similarly, floating coconuts can be a very significant part of the crab's dispersal options. fossils of this crab date back to the miocene.

Drink

Coconut water

Coconut water (also coconut juice) is the clear liquid inside coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). in early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. as growth continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. the liquid inside young coconuts is often preferred to the liquid of a ripened coconut. coconut water from young green coconuts is also known specifically as buko juice in philippine english.

Drink

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Breakfast

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Main

Confit de canard

Duck confit (french: confit de canard [kɔ̃.fi d(ə) ka.naʁ]) is a french dish made with whole duck. in gascony, according to the families perpetuating the tradition of duck confit, all the pieces of duck are used to produce the meal. each part can have a specific destination in traditional cooking, the neck being used for example in an invigorating soup, the garbure. duck confit is considered one of the finest french dishes.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Coulis

Sweet or savory sauce made with puréed and strained fruits or vegetables, used with meats, soup, vegetable dishes, desserts

Main

Court-bouillon

Court-bouillon or court bouillon (in louisiana, pronounced coo-bee-yon) is a quickly-cooked broth used for poaching other foods, most commonly fish or seafood. it is also sometimes used for poaching vegetables, eggs, sweetbreads, cockscombs, and delicate meats. it includes seasonings and salt but lacks animal gelatin.

Dessert, Sweet

Crepe

A crêpe or crepe ( (listen) or , french: [kʁɛp] (listen), quebec french: [kʁaɪ̯p] (listen)) is a very thin type of pancake. crêpes originated in brittany, a region in western france, during the 13th century, and are now consumed around the world. crêpes are usually one of two varieties: sweet crêpes (crêpes sucrées) or savoury galettes (crêpes salées). they are often served with a wide variety of fillings such as jam or hazelnut cocoa spread. crêpes can also be flambéed, such as in crêpes suzette.

Main

Crepe

A crêpe or crepe ( (listen) or , french: [kʁɛp] (listen), quebec french: [kʁaɪ̯p] (listen)) is a very thin type of pancake. crêpes originated in brittany, a region in western france, during the 13th century, and are now consumed around the world. crêpes are usually one of two varieties: sweet crêpes (crêpes sucrées) or savoury galettes (crêpes salées). they are often served with a wide variety of fillings such as jam or hazelnut cocoa spread. crêpes can also be flambéed, such as in crêpes suzette.

Main

Crevette

River prawns, commonly pan-fried

Main

Croque madame

Ham and cheese sandwich topped with an egg

Main

Croque monsieur

A croque monsieur (french pronunciation: ​[kʁɔk məsjø]) is a hot sandwich made with ham and cheese. the dish originated in french cafés and bars as a quick snack. the name comes from the french words croque ("bite”) and monsieur ("mister").

Main

Duck à l'orange

Duck à l'orange, orange duck, or canard à l'orange is a french dish in cuisine bourgeoise consisting of a roast duck with a bigarade sauce.another dish called canard à l'orange is braised rather than roasted. in that case, it is cooked until spoon-tender.

Dessert, Sweet

Éclair

An éclair (, ; french pronunciation: ​[e.klɛʁ]) is a pastry made with choux dough filled with a cream and topped with a flavored icing. the dough, which is the same as that used for profiterole, is typically piped into an oblong shape with a pastry bag and baked until it is crisp and hollow inside. once cool, the pastry is filled with custard (crème pâtissière), whipped cream or chiboust cream, then iced with fondant icing. other fillings include pistachio- and rum-flavoured custard, fruit-flavoured fillings, or chestnut purée. the icing is sometimes caramel, in which case the dessert may be called a bâton de jacob. a similar pastry in a round rather than oblong shape is called a religieuse.

Main

Escargot

Escargots à la bourguignonne (escargots de bourgogne), snails with parsley butter

Dessert, Sweet

Financier

A financier (french pronunciation: ​[fi.nɑ̃.sje]) (formerly known as a visitandine (french pronunciation: ​[vi.zi.tɑ̃.din])) is a small french almond cake, flavoured with beurre noisette, usually baked in a small mold. light and moist with a crisp, eggshell-like exterior, the traditional financier also contains egg whites, flour, and powdered sugar. the molds are usually small rectangular loaves similar in size to petits fours.originally made by the visitandine order of nuns in the 17th century, the financier was popularized in the 19th century. the name financier is said to derive from the traditional rectangular mold, which resembles a bar of gold. according to another tradition, the cake became popular in the financial district of paris surrounding the paris stock exchange, as the cake could easily be stored in the pocket for long periods without being damaged.

Main

Fish

Raw, grilled, wrapped in banana leaves and baked, skewered, fried

Dessert, Sweet

Flan

Custard dessert topped with a layer of caramel sauce, variations include coconut, chestnut, chocolate

Dessert, Sweet

Floating island

A floating island or île flottante is a dessert consisting of meringue floating on crème anglaise (a vanilla custard). the meringue is prepared from whipped egg whites, sugar, and vanilla extract and baked in a bain-marie. the crème anglaise is prepared with the egg yolks, vanilla, and hot milk, briefly cooked.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Foie gras

Foie gras (english: (listen), french: [fwa ɡʁɑ]; french for 'fat liver') is a specialty food product made of the liver of a duck or goose. according to french law, foie gras is defined as the liver of a duck or goose fattened by gavage (force feeding). foie gras is a popular and well-known delicacy in french cuisine. its flavour is described as rich, buttery, and delicate, unlike that of an ordinary duck or goose liver. foie gras is sold whole or is prepared into mousse, parfait, or pâté, and may also be served as an accompaniment to another food item, such as steak. french law states that "foie gras belongs to the protected cultural and gastronomical heritage of france."the technique of gavage dates as far back as 2500 bc, when the ancient egyptians began keeping birds for food and deliberately fattened the birds through force-feeding. today, france is by far the largest producer and consumer of foie gras, though there are producers and markets worldwide, particularly in other european nations, the united states, and china.gavage-based foie gras production is controversial, due mainly to the animal welfare concerns about force-feeding, intensive housing and husbandry, and enlarging the liver to 10 times its usual volume. a number of countries and jurisdictions have laws against force-feeding, as well as the production, import, or sale of foie gras.

Dessert, Sweet

Fondant au chocolat

Molten chocolate cake is a popular dessert that combines the elements of a chocolate cake and a soufflé. its name derives from the dessert's liquid chocolate center, and it is also known as chocolate moelleux (from french for "soft"), chocolate lava cake, or simply lava cake. it should not be confused with chocolate fondant, a recipe that contains little flour, but much chocolate and butter, hence melting on the palate (but not on the plate). it is a type of self-saucing pudding.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fourme d'Ambert

Fourme d'ambert is a semi-hard french blue cheese. one of france's oldest cheeses, it dates from as far back as roman times. it is made from raw cow's milk from the auvergne region of france, with a distinct, narrow cylindrical shape.the semi-hard cheese is inoculated with penicillium roqueforti spores and aged for at least 28 days. almost identical to fourme de montbrison, the two were protected by the same aoc from 1972 until 2002 when each was recognized as its own cheese with slight differences in manufacture. a likeness of the cheese can be found sculpted above the entrance to a medieval chapel in la chaulme, puy-de-dôme.although most often produced with pasteurized milk by industry and coopératives, more recently artisanal production has begun using raw milk, and farm or fermier production has now restarted. currently, four farmers produce annually up to 35 tonnes (38.58 tons) of fourme d'ambert fermière aop made with raw milk.

Drink

French wine

French wine is produced all throughout france, in quantities between 50 and 60 million hectolitres per year, or 7–8 billion bottles. france is one of the largest wine producers in the world, along with italian, spanish, and american wine-producing regions. french wine traces its history to the 6th century bc, with many of france's regions dating their wine-making history to roman times. the wines produced range from expensive wines sold internationally to modest wines usually only seen within france such as the margnat wines were during the post war period. two concepts central to the better french wines are the notion of terroir, which links the style of the wines to the locations where the grapes are grown and the wine is made, and the appellation d'origine contrôlée (aoc) system, replaced by the appellation d'origine protégée (aop) system in 2012. appellation rules closely define which grape varieties and winemaking practices are approved for classification in each of france's several hundred geographically defined appellations, which can cover regions, villages or vineyards. france is the source of many grape varieties (such as cabernet sauvignon, chardonnay, pinot noir, sauvignon blanc, syrah) that are now planted throughout the world, as well as wine-making practices and styles of wine that have been adopted in other producing countries. although some producers have benefited in recent years from rising prices and increased demand for some of the prestige wines from burgundy and bordeaux, the french wine industry has seen a decline in domestic consumption and internationally, it has had to compete with many new world wines.

Drink

French wine

French wine is produced all throughout france, in quantities between 50 and 60 million hectolitres per year, or 7–8 billion bottles. france is one of the largest wine producers in the world, along with italian, spanish, and american wine-producing regions. french wine traces its history to the 6th century bc, with many of france's regions dating their wine-making history to roman times. the wines produced range from expensive wines sold internationally to modest wines usually only seen within france such as the margnat wines were during the post war period. two concepts central to the better french wines are the notion of terroir, which links the style of the wines to the locations where the grapes are grown and the wine is made, and the appellation d'origine contrôlée (aoc) system, replaced by the appellation d'origine protégée (aop) system in 2012. appellation rules closely define which grape varieties and winemaking practices are approved for classification in each of france's several hundred geographically defined appellations, which can cover regions, villages or vineyards. france is the source of many grape varieties (such as cabernet sauvignon, chardonnay, pinot noir, sauvignon blanc, syrah) that are now planted throughout the world, as well as wine-making practices and styles of wine that have been adopted in other producing countries. although some producers have benefited in recent years from rising prices and increased demand for some of the prestige wines from burgundy and bordeaux, the french wine industry has seen a decline in domestic consumption and internationally, it has had to compete with many new world wines.

Breakfast

Fresh fruit

In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. edible fruits in particular have long propagated using the movements of humans and animals in a symbiotic relationship that is the means for seed dispersal for the one group and nutrition for the other; in fact, humans and many animals have become dependent on fruits as a source of food. consequently, fruits account for a substantial fraction of the world's agricultural output, and some (such as the apple and the pomegranate) have acquired extensive cultural and symbolic meanings. in common language usage, "fruit" normally means the seed-associated fleshy structures (or produce) of plants that typically are sweet or sour and edible in the raw state, such as apples, bananas, grapes, lemons, oranges, and strawberries. in botanical usage, the term "fruit" also includes many structures that are not commonly called "fruits" in everyday language, such as nuts, bean pods, corn kernels, tomatoes, and wheat grains.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

Avocado, banana, coconut, custard apples, dragon fruit, figs, grapefruit, guava, lemons, limes, lychees, mandarins, mango, oranges, papaya, passionfruit, pineapple, pomegranates, star fruit, strawberries

Breakfast

Fruit juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.

Drink

Fruit juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.

Dessert, Sweet

Galette des rois

A king cake, also known as a three kings cake, is a cake associated in many countries with epiphany. its form and ingredients are variable, but in most cases a fève (lit. 'fava bean') such as a figurine, often said to represent the christ child, is hidden inside. after the cake is cut, whoever gets the fève wins a prize. modern fèves can be made of other materials, and can represent various objects and people.

Dessert, Sweet

Gateau

Cake, many different types

Dessert, Sweet

Gateau au yaourt

Yogurt cake

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gaufres

A waffle is a dish made from leavened batter or dough that is cooked between two plates that are patterned to give a characteristic size, shape, and surface impression. there are many variations based on the type of waffle iron and recipe used. waffles are eaten throughout the world, particularly in belgium, which has over a dozen regional varieties. waffles may be made fresh or simply heated after having been commercially cooked and frozen.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gratin

Gratin (french pronunciation: ​[ɡʁatɛ̃]) is a culinary technique in which an ingredient is topped with a browned crust, often using breadcrumbs, grated cheese, egg or butter. gratin is usually prepared in a shallow dish of some kind. a gratin is baked or cooked under an overhead grill or broiler to form a golden crust on top and is often served in its baking dish.a gratin dish is a shallow oven-proof container used to prepare gratins and similar dishes.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gratin dauphinois

Gratin dauphinois is a french dish of sliced potatoes baked in milk or cream, using the gratin technique, from the dauphiné region in south-eastern france. there are many variants of the name of the dish, including pommes de terre dauphinoise, potatoes à la dauphinoise and gratin de pommes à la dauphinoise. it is called potatoes au gratin in american english.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gruyère

Gruyère (uk: , us: , french: [ɡʁɥijɛʁ] (listen); german: greyerzer) is a hard swiss cheese that originated in the cantons of fribourg, vaud, neuchâtel, jura, and berne in switzerland. it is named after the town of gruyères in fribourg. in 2001, gruyère gained the appellation d'origine contrôlée (aoc), which became the appellation d'origine protégée (aop) as of 2013. gruyère is classified as a swiss-type or alpine cheese, and is sweet but slightly salty, with a flavor that varies widely with age. it is often described as creamy and nutty when young, becoming more assertive, earthy, and complex as it matures. when fully aged (five months to a year), it tends to have small cracks that impart a slightly grainy texture. unlike emmental, with which it is often confused, modern gruyère has few if any eyes, although in the 19th century this was not always the case. it is the most popular swiss cheese in switzerland, and in most of europe.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Guava paste

Goiabada ([goja'badɐ]; from goiaba, guava] is a dessert throughout the portuguese-speaking countries of the world, dating back to the colonial days in brazil, where guavas were used as a substitute for the quinces used to make marmelada (quince cheese). an abundance of sugar and slave labour were crucial for its confection, in large cauldrons cooking over a slow fire. it is a conserve made of red guavas and sugar. in rural areas of brazil, it is still commonly made at home for family use or by home industry outlets (traditional recipes) or as processed food. it is a deep slightly bluish red colour, sometimes a very dark hue of red. very similar to goiabada dessert is the closely related colombian bocadillo, also made from guava but with more sugar. it is known as guava paste or guava cheese throughout the english-speaking americas, especially the caribbean and dulce de guayaba, barra de guayaba, pasta de guayaba, bocadillo or guayabate in spanish-speaking americas. it is commercially available, most often packaged in flat metal cans, or as long rectangular blocks in chipboard boxes. it is called perad in goa (india), a former portuguese colony. in brazil, goiabada is often eaten with minas cheese. this combination is referred to as "romeo and juliet." it is also popular spread on toast at breakfast. in portugal, it is used as the filling of the popular bolo de rosas (rose cake) in which a layer of pastry is covered with goiabada, then rolled and cut into pieces that resemble roses. this same cake is called rocambole in brazil, and also uses a layer of pastry covered with goiabada, then rolled and served, as a swiss roll. another popular dessert is the bolo de rolo. goiabada may come in many widely different possible textures, ranging from a thin paste, meant to be eaten with a spoon or spread on bread or cakes, to very hard slabs that can be sliced with a knife only with some difficulty. canned varieties are usually half-way between those extremes, being easily cut into soft slices. the many different kinds of goiabada depend on the type of guava, the proportion of sugar, the amount of water, and the cooking process.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Honey

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance made by honey bees and some other bees. bees produce honey from the sugary secretions of plants (floral nectar) or from secretions of other insects (such as honeydew), by regurgitation, enzymatic activity, and water evaporation. honey bees store honey in wax structures called honeycombs, whereas stingless bees store honey in pots made of wax and resin. the variety of honey produced by honey bees (the genus apis) is the best-known, due to its worldwide commercial production and human consumption. honey is collected from wild bee colonies, or from hives of domesticated bees, a practice known as beekeeping or apiculture (meliponiculture in the case of stingless bees). honey gets its sweetness from the monosaccharides fructose and glucose, and has about the same relative sweetness as sucrose (table sugar). fifteen millilitres (1 us tablespoon) of honey provides around 190 kilojoules (46 kilocalories) of food energy. it has attractive chemical properties for baking and a distinctive flavor when used as a sweetener. most microorganisms do not grow in honey, so sealed honey does not spoil, even after thousands of years. honey use and production have a long and varied history as an ancient activity. several cave paintings in cuevas de la araña in spain depict humans foraging for honey at least 8,000 years ago. large-scale meliponiculture has been practiced by the mayans since pre-columbian times.

Dessert, Sweet

Ice cream

Ice cream is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert. it may be made from milk or cream and is flavoured with a sweetener, either sugar or an alternative, and a spice, such as cocoa or vanilla, or with fruit such as strawberries or peaches. it can also be made by whisking a flavored cream base and liquid nitrogen together. food coloring is sometimes added, in addition to stabilizers. the mixture is cooled below the freezing point of water and stirred to incorporate air spaces and to prevent detectable ice crystals from forming. the result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (below 2 °c or 35 °f). it becomes more malleable as its temperature increases. the meaning of the name "ice cream" varies from one country to another. ice cream and gelato, based on cream and milk. frozen yogurt, based on yogurt or kefir. frozen custard, with eggs added to cream and sugar. ice milk. sorbet/slushy, ice pop/popsicle/icicle: water base. examples: frozen cola, frozen lemonade, frozen tea. sherbet, like sorbet but with some milk added.in some countries, such as the united states, "ice cream" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients, notably the amount of cream. products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are sometimes labelled "frozen dairy dessert" instead. in other countries, such as italy and argentina, one word is used for all variants. analogues made from dairy alternatives, such as goat's or sheep's milk, or milk substitutes (e.g., soy, cashew, coconut, almond milk or tofu), are available for those who are lactose intolerant, allergic to dairy protein, or vegan. ice cream may be served in dishes, for eating with a spoon, or licked from edible wafer cones. ice cream may be served with other desserts, such as apple pie, or as an ingredient in ice cream floats, sundaes, milkshakes, ice cream cakes and even baked items, such as baked alaska.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Jam

Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar and sometimes acid, often stored in glass jars and used as a condiment or spread. there are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by method of preparation, type of fruit used, and place in a meal. sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert, whereas more savory and acidic preserves made from "vegetable fruits" such as tomato, squash or zucchini, are eaten alongside savoury foods such as cheese, cold meats, and curries.

Drink

Kava

A beverage made from the powdered roots of the kava plant, known for its sedating effects

Main

Langoustes à la créole

Creole lobster

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Livarot

Livarot is a french cheese of the normandy region, originating in the commune of livarot, and protected by an appellation d'origine contrôlée (aoc) since 1975. it is a soft, pungent, washed rind cheese made from normande cow's milk. the normal weight for a round of livarot is 450 g, though it also comes in other weights. it is sold in cylindrical form with the orangish rind wrapped in 3 to 5 rings of dried reedmace (typha latifolia). for this reason, it has been referred to as 'colonel', as the rings of dried bullrush resemble the stripes on a colonel's uniform. sometimes green paper is also used. its orange colour comes from different sources depending on the manufacturer, but is often annatto. the bacterium brevibacterium linens is employed in fermentation. production in 1998 was 1,101 tons, down 12.2% since 1996. only 12% of livarot are made from raw, unpasteurised milk. its period of optimal tasting is spread out from may to september after a refining from 6 to 8 weeks, but it is also excellent from march to december.

Dessert, Sweet

Macaron

A macaron ( mak-ə-ron, french: [makaʁɔ̃] (listen)) or french macaron ( mak-ə-ron) is a sweet meringue-based confection made with egg white, icing sugar, granulated sugar, almond meal, and food colouring. the macaron is traditionally held to have been introduced in france by the italian chef of queen catherine de medici during the renaissance. since the 19th century, a typical parisian-style macaron is presented with a ganache, buttercream or jam filling sandwiched between two such cookies, akin to a sandwich cookie. the confection is characterized by a smooth squared top, a ruffled circumference—referred to as the "crown" or "foot" (or "pied")—and a flat base. it is mildly moist and easily melts in the mouth. macarons can be found in a wide variety of flavours that range from traditional (raspberry, chocolate) to unusual (foie gras, matcha).

Dessert, Sweet

Madeleines

The madeleine (french pronunciation: ​[mad.lɛn], english: or ) or petite madeleine ([pə.tit mad.lɛn]) is a traditional small cake from commercy and liverdun, two communes of the lorraine region in northeastern france. madeleines are very small sponge cakes with a distinctive shell-like shape acquired from being baked in pans with shell-shaped depressions. aside from the traditional moulded pan, commonly found in stores specialising in kitchen equipment and even hardware stores, no special tools are required to make madeleines. madeleine-style cookies are popular in a number of culinary traditions. a génoise cake batter is used. the flavour is similar to, but somewhat lighter than, sponge cake. traditional recipes include very finely ground nuts, usually almonds. a variation uses lemon zest for a pronounced lemony taste. british madeleines also use a génoise sponge but they are baked in dariole moulds. after cooking, these are coated in jam and desiccated coconut, and are usually topped with a glacé cherry.

Main

Mahi-mahi

The mahi-mahi () or common dolphinfish (coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. also widely called dorado (not to be confused with salminus brasiliensis, a fresh water fish) and dolphin, it is one of two members of the family coryphaenidae, the other being the pompano dolphinfish. these fish are most commonly found in the waters around the gulf of mexico, costa rica, hawaii and the indian ocean.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mandarin syrup

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Marmite

Marmite ( mar-myte) is a brand of savoury food spread from the united kingdom, based on yeast extract invented by german scientist justus von liebig. it is made from by-products of beer brewing (see lees (fermentation)) and is currently produced by british company unilever. the product is notable as a vegan source of b vitamins, including supplemental vitamin b12. a traditional use is to spread it very thinly on buttered toast. marmite is a sticky, dark brown paste with a distinctive, salty, powerful flavour and matching heady aroma. this distinctive taste is represented in the marketing slogan: "love it or hate it." such is its prominence in british popular culture that the product's name is often used as a metaphor for something that is an acquired taste or tends to polarise opinion. marmite is commonly used as a flavouring, as it is particularly rich in umami due to its very high levels of glutamate (1960 mg/100g).the image on the jar shows a marmite (french: [maʁmit]), a french term for a large, covered earthenware or metal cooking pot. marmite was originally supplied in earthenware pots but since the 1920s has been sold in glass jars. marmite's distinctive bulbous jars are supplied to unilever by the german glass manufacturer gerresheimer.similar products include the australian vegemite (whose name is derived from that of marmite), the swiss cenovis, the brazilian cenovit, the long-extinct argentinian condibé, and the german vitam-r. marmite in new zealand has been manufactured since 1919 under licence, but with a different recipe; that product is the only one sold as marmite in australasia and the pacific islands, whereas elsewhere in the world the british version predominates.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Merveille

Merveilles are a kind of beignet typical of the atlantic coast of south west france; gascony, bordelais, charentes, périgord as well as the vallée d'aoste and suisse romande. they are also known in new orleans. they are a twisted raised pastry similar to the lyon bugnes, and resembling a pennsylvania fastnacht. merveilles are typically fried in duck fat.

Breakfast

Merveille

Merveilles are a kind of beignet typical of the atlantic coast of south west france; gascony, bordelais, charentes, périgord as well as the vallée d'aoste and suisse romande. they are also known in new orleans. they are a twisted raised pastry similar to the lyon bugnes, and resembling a pennsylvania fastnacht. merveilles are typically fried in duck fat.

Breakfast

Milk

Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. it is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. immune factors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose.the us cdc recommends that children over the age of 12 months should have two servings of dairy milk products a day.as an agricultural product, dairy milk is collected from farm animals. in 2011, dairy farms produced around 730 million tonnes (800 million short tons) of milk from 260 million dairy cows. india is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other milk products. because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy products within india, it could eventually become a net importer of dairy products. new zealand, germany and the netherlands are the largest exporters of milk products.more than six billion people worldwide consume milk and milk products, and between 750 and 900 million people live in dairy-farming households.

Dessert, Sweet

Moelleux au chocolat

Molten chocolate cake with crème anglaise

Main

Moonfish

Opahs, also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family lampridae (also spelled lamprididae). the family comprises two genera: lampris (from the ancient greek λαμπρός : lamprós, "brilliant" or "clear") and the monotypic megalampris (known only from fossil remains). the extinct family, turkmenidae, from the paleogene of central asia, is closely related, though much smaller. in 2015, lampris guttatus was discovered to have near-whole-body endothermy in which the entire core of the body is maintained at around 5 °c above the surrounding water. this is unique among fish as most fish are entirely cold blooded or are capable of warming only some parts of their bodies.

Main

Moules marinières

Mussels cooked with white wine, onions, herbs, cream

Drink

Number One

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nuts

A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. in general usage and in a culinary sense, a wide variety of dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent). most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary. the general and original usage of the term is less restrictive, and many nuts (in the culinary sense), such as almonds, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, and brazil nuts, are not nuts in a botanical sense. common usage of the term often refers to any hard-walled, edible kernel as a nut. nuts are an energy-dense and nutrient-rich food source.

Main

Octopus

People of some cultures eat octopus. the arms and sometimes other body parts are prepared in various ways, often varying by species and/or geography. octopuses are sometimes eaten or prepared alive, a practice that is controversial due to scientific evidence that octopuses experience pain.

Main

Octopus stew

Main

Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. in some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily ostreoidea. some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pahatr

Young edible fern, used in salads, side dishes

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pain

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Breakfast

Pain

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Breakfast

Pain au chocolat

Pain au chocolat (french pronunciation: [pɛ̃ o ʃɔkɔla] (listen), literally "chocolate bread"), also known as chocolatine (pronounced [ʃɔkɔlatin] (listen)) in the south-west part of france and in canada, or couque au chocolat in belgium, is a type of viennoiserie sweet pastry consisting of a cuboid-shaped piece of yeast-leavened laminated dough, similar in texture to a puff pastry, with one or two pieces of dark chocolate in the center. pain au chocolat is made of the same layered doughs as a croissant. often sold still hot or warm from the oven, they are commonly sold alongside croissants in french bakeries and supermarkets.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pain au levain

Sourdough is a bread made by the fermentation of dough using wild lactobacillaceae and yeast. lactic acid from fermentation imparts a sour taste and improves keeping qualities.

Dessert, Sweet

Pain perdu

French toast is a dish made of sliced bread soaked in beaten eggs, sugar and typically milk, then pan fried. alternative names and variants include "eggy bread", "bombay toast", "gypsy toast", and "poor knights" (of windsor).when french toast is served as a sweet dish, milk, sugar, vanilla or cinnamon are also commonly added before pan-frying, and then it may be topped with sugar (often powdered sugar), butter, fruit, or syrup. when it is a savory dish, it is generally fried with a pinch of salt or pepper, and it can then be served with a sauce such as ketchup or mayonnaise.

Dessert, Sweet

Palmier

A palmier (, from french, short for feuille de palmier 'palm tree leaf'), pig's ear, palm heart, or elephant ear is a french pastry in a palm leaf shape or a butterfly shape, sometimes called palm leaves, cœur de france, french hearts, shoe-soles, or glasses that was invented in the beginning of the 20th century.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pastry

Pastry is baked food made with a dough of flour, water and shortening (solid fats, including butter or lard) that may be savoury or sweetened. sweetened pastries are often described as bakers' confectionery. the word "pastries" suggests many kinds of baked products made from ingredients such as flour, sugar, milk, butter, shortening, baking powder, and eggs. small tarts and other sweet baked products are called pastries. common pastry dishes include pies, tarts, quiches, croissants, and pasties.the french word pâtisserie is also used in english (with or without the accent) for the same foods. originally, the french word pastisserie referred to anything, such as a meat pie, made in dough (paste, later pâte) and not typically a luxurious or sweet product. this meaning still persisted in the nineteenth century, though by then the term more often referred to the sweet and often ornate confections implied today. pastry can also refer to the pastry dough, from which such baked products are made. pastry dough is rolled out thinly and used as a base for baked products. pastry is differentiated from bread by having a higher fat content, which contributes to a flaky or crumbly texture. a good pastry is light and airy and fatty, but firm enough to support the weight of the filling. when making a shortcrust pastry, care must be taken to blend the fat and flour thoroughly before adding any liquid. this ensures that the flour granules are adequately coated with fat and less likely to develop gluten. on the other hand, overmixing results in long gluten strands that toughen the pastry. in other types of pastry such as danish pastry and croissants, the characteristic flaky texture is achieved by repeatedly rolling out a dough similar to that for yeast bread, spreading it with butter, and folding it to produce many thin layers.