63 Dishes

Drink

Aam panna

Aam panna or aam jhora(aam jhora ) is an indian drink renowned for its cooling properties. it is made from unripe mangoes and is yellow to light green in color, and is consumed to fight against the intense indian summer heat. mint leaves are often added to the drink, enhancing its green color. raw mango is a rich source of pectin, which gradually diminishes after the formation of the stone. unripe mango is sour in taste because of the presence of oxalic, citric and malic acids. aam panna or aam jhora, which is prepared using raw mangoes, cumin, and an assortment of other spices, quenches thirst and prevents the excessive loss of sodium chloride and iron during summer due to excessive sweating. the drink is mainly consumed in north india and is considered beneficial in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. it is also a good source of vitamin b1 and b2, niacin, and vitamin c. in indian culture, it is regarded as a tonic believed to increase resistance against tuberculosis, anemia, cholera and dysentery.

Drink

Bru coffee

Drink

Buttermilk

Buttermilk is a fermented dairy drink. traditionally, it was the liquid left behind after churning butter out of cultured cream. as most modern butter is not made with cultured cream but uncultured sweet cream, most modern buttermilk is cultured separately. it is common in warm climates where unrefrigerated fresh milk sours quickly.buttermilk can be drunk straight, and it can also be used in cooking. in making soda bread, the acid in buttermilk reacts with the raising agent, sodium bicarbonate, to produce carbon dioxide which acts as the leavening agent. buttermilk is also used in marination, especially of chicken and pork.

Drink

Chaas

Chaas (gu:છાશ chhash, hi:छाछ chhachh) is a curd-based drink popular across the indian subcontinent. in rajasthani it is called ghol, in odia it is called ghol/chaash, moru in tamil and malayalam, taak in marathi, majjiga in telugu, majjige in kannada, ale (pronounced a-lay) in tulu and laban in bengali. in indian english, it is often referred to as buttermilk.

Drink

Coconut sarbath

Drink

Cognac

Cognac ( kon-yak, also us: kohn-, kawn-, french: [kɔɲak] (listen)) is a variety of brandy named after the commune of cognac, france. it is produced in the surrounding wine-growing region in the departments of charente and charente-maritime. cognac production falls under french appellation d'origine contrôlée (aoc) designation, with production methods and naming required to meet certain legal requirements. among the specified grapes, ugni blanc, known locally as saint-émilion, is most widely used. the brandy must be twice distilled in copper pot stills and aged at least two years in french oak barrels from limousin or tronçais. cognac matures in the same way as whiskies and wines barrel-age, and most cognacs spend considerably longer "on the wood" than the minimum legal requirement.

Drink

Doodh

Tea that is boiled with milk and sugar

Drink

Eggnog

Eggnog (), historically also known as a milk punch or an egg milk punch when alcoholic beverages are added, is a rich, chilled, sweetened, dairy-based beverage. it is traditionally made with milk, cream, sugar, egg yolks, and whipped egg whites (which gives it a frothy texture, and its name). distilled spirits such as brandy, rum, whisky or bourbon are often a key ingredient. throughout canada, the united states and some european countries, eggnog is traditionally consumed over the christmas season, from late october until the end of the holiday season. a variety called ponche crema has been made and consumed in venezuela and trinidad since the 1900s, also as part of the christmas season. during that time, commercially prepared eggnog is sold in grocery stores in these countries. eggnog is also homemade using milk, eggs, sugar, and flavorings, and served with cinnamon or nutmeg. while eggnog is often served chilled, in some cases it is warmed, particularly on cold days (similar to the way mulled wine is served warm). eggnog or eggnog flavoring may also be used in other drinks, such as coffee (e.g., an "eggnog latte" espresso drink) and tea, or to dessert foods such as egg-custard puddings.

Drink

Falooda

A falooda is a mughlai indian version of a cold dessert made with noodles. it has origins in the persian dish faloodeh, variants of which are found across west, central, and south asia. traditionally it is made by mixing rose syrup, vermicelli, and sweet basil seeds with milk, often served with ice cream. the vermicelli used for preparing falooda is made from wheat, arrowroot, cornstarch, or sago.

Drink

Fruit juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.

Drink

Glucon-D

Instant fruit-flavored energy drink

Drink

Horlicks

Horlicks is a sweet malted milk hot drink powder developed by founders james and william horlick. it was first sold as "horlick's infant and invalids food," soon adding "aged and travellers" to their label. in the early 20th century, it was sold as a powdered meal replacement drink mix. it was then marketed as a nutritional supplement and manufactured by glaxosmithkline (consumer healthcare) in the united kingdom, malaysia, australia, new zealand, hong kong, bangladesh, india, sri lanka, and jamaica. it was previously in kenya in the 2010s but was discontinued due to low sales. it is now produced by the anglo-dutch company unilever through its indian division. horlicks in the uk is currently owned by aimia foods. on 3 december 2018, unilever announced they were buying horlicks indian business for us$3.8 billion. the horlicks uk business had already been sold in 2017 to aimia foods, a uk-based subsidiary of cott corporation.in britain, horlicks has been long associated with bedtime; however, it has been marketed as a breakfast drink in india.

Drink

Hot toddy

A hot toddy, also known as hot whiskey in ireland, is typically a mixed drink made of liquor and water with honey (or, in some recipes, sugar), herbs (such as tea) and spices, and served hot. hot toddy recipes vary and are traditionally drunk before retiring for the night, in wet or cold weather or to relieve the symptoms of the cold and flu. in how to drink, victoria moore describes the drink as "the vitamin c for health, the honey to soothe, the alcohol to numb."

Drink

Jal-jeera

Cumin-based drink

Drink

Kefir

Kefir (also spelled as kephir or kefier, russian: кефир; adyghe: къундэпс; karachay-balkar: гыпы) ( kə-feer) is a fermented milk drink similar to a thin yogurt or ayran that is made from kefir grains, a specific type of mesophilic symbiotic culture. the drink originated in the north caucasus, in particular the elbrus region along the upper mountainous sections of circassia, karachay and balkaria from where it came to russia, and from there it spread to europe and the united states, where it is prepared by inoculating the milk of cows, goats, or sheep with kefir grains.the principal human benefit of consuming kefir, rather than the milk that it is produced from, is that adults often lose the ability to digest lactose and therefore may have difficulty or digestive problems absorbing the nutrients and minerals usually present in animal milk; kefir converts milk into a low-lactose beverage that still retains all of milk's nutritional benefits. the dense concentration of certain bacteria and yeast in kefir is also believed to aid digestion in much the same way that yoghurt does.the world's largest kefir producer is russia, followed by poland. kefir is a breakfast, lunch, and dinner drink popular across belarus, estonia, hungary, latvia, lithuania, poland, romania, russia, and ukraine - where it is known as an affordable health drink. it is also known in norway, sweden, and finland, where fermented milk drinks are common, such as surmjølk/surmjölk. kefir is common particularly among russian and estonian minorities) . in south slavic countries kefir is consumed at any time of the day, especially with zelnik/zeljanica, burek and banitsa/gibanica, as well as in cold soups served in the summer.

Drink

Lassi

Lassi (pronounced [ləsːi]) is a regional name for buttermilk, the traditional dahi (yogurt)-based drink in the indian subcontinent. lassi is a blend of yogurt, water, spices and sometimes fruit. salty lassi is similar to doogh, while modern sweet lassi is like milkshakes. lassi may be infused with cannabis in the form of bhang.

Drink

Mango shake

A milkshake (sometimes simply called a shake) is a sweet beverage made by blending milk, ice cream, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate syrup, fruit syrup, or whole fruit into a thick, sweet, cold mixture. it may also be made using a base made from non-dairy products, including plant milks such as almond milk, coconut milk, or soy milk. milkshakes originated in the united states around the turn of the 20th century, and grew in popularity following the introduction of electric blenders in the subsequent two decades. they became a common part of youth popular culture, as ice cream shops were a culturally acceptable meeting place for youth, and milkshakes became symbolic of the innocence of youth.

Drink

Milk

Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. it is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. immune factors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose.the us cdc recommends that children over the age of 12 months should have two servings of dairy milk products a day.as an agricultural product, dairy milk is collected from farm animals. in 2011, dairy farms produced around 730 million tonnes (800 million short tons) of milk from 260 million dairy cows. india is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other milk products. because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy products within india, it could eventually become a net importer of dairy products. new zealand, germany and the netherlands are the largest exporters of milk products.more than six billion people worldwide consume milk and milk products, and between 750 and 900 million people live in dairy-farming households.

Drink

Milo

Milo ( my-loh; stylised as milo) is a chocolate-flavoured malted powder product produced by nestlé, typically mixed with milk, hot water, or both, to produce a beverage. it was originally developed in australia by thomas mayne in 1934. most commonly sold as a powder in a green can, often depicting various sporting activities, milo is available as a premixed beverage in some countries and has been subsequently developed into a snack bar, breakfast cereal and protein granola. its composition and taste differ from country to country. milo maintains significant popularity in a diverse range of countries throughout the world, particularly in australasia, asia, and africa.

Drink

Mint masala soda

Drink

Nimbu pani

Lemon juice with sugar and salt

Drink

Piyush

Yogurt and buttermilk flavored with nutmeg and cardamom

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Rice milk

Rice milk is a plant milk made from rice. commercial rice milk is typically manufactured using brown rice and brown rice syrup, and may be sweetened using sugar or sugar substitutes, and flavored by common ingredients, such as vanilla. it is commonly fortified with protein and micronutrients, such as vitamin b12, calcium, iron, or vitamin d.

Drink

Sattu drink

Sattu is a type of flour, mainly used in pakistan and india. it consists of a mixture of ground pulses and cereals. the dry powder is prepared in various ways as a principal or secondary ingredient of dishes. sattu is used in vegetarian cuisine as it can be a source of protein.

Drink

Sharbat

Sharbat (persian: شربت, pronounced [ʃæɾˈbæt]; also transliterated as shorbot, şerbet or sherbet) is an iranian drink also popular in turkey, south asia, caucasus and the balkans. it is prepared from fruits or flower petals. it is a sweet cordial, and usually served chilled. it can be served in concentrated form and eaten with a spoon or diluted with water to create the drink. popular sharbats are made of one or more of the following: basil seeds, rose water, fresh rose petals, sandalwood, bael, hibiscus, lemon, orange, mango, pineapple, falsa (grewia asiatica) and chia seeds. sharbat is common in homes of iran, turkey, bosnia, arab world, afghanistan, pakistan, sri lanka, bangladesh and india, and popularly consumed by muslims when breaking their daily fast during the month of ramadan.a south indian version commonly called sarbbath is popular in kerala, tamil nadu and andhra pradesh, regions wherein a specially made syrup of indian sarsaparilla and lemon is dissolved in milk or soda water. an indonesian, especially javanese, drink called serbat' is commonly found during the month of ramadan. the most popular is made by mixing cold water, simple syrup, and shredded cantaloupe, popularly known as serbat blewah or cantaloupe sherbet.

Drink

Shikanjvi

Shikanjvi is a lemon-based drink originating in the northern part of india. alternative names include shikanji, shikanjbi and shikanjbeen. shikanjvi is distinct from lemonade, and often contains other ingredients such as salt, saffron and cumin.

Drink

Soft drinks

A soft drink (see § terminology for other names) is a drink that usually contains water (often carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural and/or artificial flavoring. the sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, a sugar substitute (in the case of diet drinks), or some combination of these. soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives, and/or other ingredients. soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast with "hard" alcoholic drinks. small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume of the drink in many countries and localities if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic. types of soft drinks include lemon-lime drinks, orange soda, cola, grape soda, ginger ale, and root beer. soft drinks may be served cold, over ice cubes, or at room temperature. they are available in many container formats, including cans, glass bottles, and plastic bottles. containers come in a variety of sizes, ranging from small bottles to large multi-liter containers. soft drinks are widely available at fast food restaurants, movie theaters, convenience stores, casual-dining restaurants, dedicated soda stores, vending machines, and bars from soda fountain machines. within a decade of the invention of carbonated water by joseph priestley in 1767 inventors in britain and in europe had used his concept to produce the drink in greater quantities, with one such inventor, j. j. schweppe, forming schweppes in 1783 and selling the world's first bottled soft drink. soft drink brands founded in the 19th century include r. white's lemonade in 1845, dr pepper in 1885 and coca-cola in 1886. subsequent brands include pepsi, irn-bru, sprite, fanta and 7 up.

Drink

Sugarcane juice

Sugarcane juice is the liquid extracted from pressed sugarcane. it is consumed as a beverage in many places, especially where sugarcane is commercially grown, such as southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, north africa, and latin america. sugarcane juice is obtained by crushing peeled sugar cane in a mill and is one of the main precursors of rum. in the united states where processed sugarcane syrup is used as a sweetener in food and beverage manufacturing, "evaporated cane juice" is considered by the food and drug administration (fda) to be a misleading term for "sugar" on product labels because the fda regards "juice" as a liquid derived from fruits or vegetables; the preferred term is "cane sugar".

Drink

Tadi

An alcoholic drink made from the flowers of the madhuca longifolia tree

Drink

Thandai

Thandai is an indian cold drink prepared with a mixture of almonds, fennel seeds, watermelon kernels, rose petals, pepper, poppy seeds, cardamom, saffron, milk and sugar. it is native to india and is often associated with the maha shivaratri and holi or holla mahalla festival. it is most commonly consumed in north india. there are variants of thandai and the most common are badam (almond) thandai and bhang (cannabis) thandai.

Drink

Thums Up

Thums up is an indian multinational brand of cola in india. the logo is a red thumbs up. it was introduced in 1977 to offset the withdrawal of the coca-cola company from india. the brand was later bought by coca-cola who re-launched it in order to compete against pepsi. as of february 2012, thums up is the leader in the cola segment in india, commanding approximately 42% market share and an overall 15% market share in the indian aerated waters market. in 2021, the company became a billion-dollar brand in india.

Drink

Kingfisher

Kingfishers or alcedinidae are a family of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order coraciiformes. they have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found in the tropical regions of africa, asia, and oceania but also can be seen in europe. they can be found in deep forests near calm ponds and small rivers. the family contains 114 species and is divided into three subfamilies and 19 genera. all kingfishers have large heads, long, sharp, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. most species have bright plumage with only small differences between the sexes. most species are tropical in distribution, and a slight majority are found only in forests. they consume a wide range of prey usually caught by swooping down from a perch. while kingfishers are usually thought to live near rivers and eat fish, many species live away from water and eat small invertebrates. like other members of their order, they nest in cavities, usually tunnels dug into the natural or artificial banks in the ground. some kingfishers nest in arboreal termite nests. a few species, principally insular forms, are threatened with extinction. in britain, the word "kingfisher" normally refers to the common kingfisher.

Drink

Between the Sheets

The between the sheets is a cocktail consisting of white rum (or other light rum), cognac, triple sec, and lemon juice. when made with gin, instead of rum and cognac, it's called a "maiden's prayer".

Drink

Bloody Mary

A bloody mary is a cocktail containing vodka, tomato juice, and other spices and flavorings including worcestershire sauce, hot sauces, garlic, herbs, horseradish, celery, olives, pickled vegetables, salt, black pepper, lemon juice, lime juice and celery salt. some versions of the drink, such as the "surf 'n turf" bloody mary, include shrimp and bacon as garnishes. in the united states, it is usually consumed in the morning or early afternoon, and is popular as a hangover cure. the bloody mary was invented in the 1920s or 1930s. there are various theories as to the origin of the drink and its name. it has many variants, most notably the red snapper (also called bloody margaret), the virgin mary, the caesar, and the michelada.

Drink

Martini

The martini is a cocktail made with gin and vermouth, and garnished with an olive or a lemon twist. over the years, the martini has become one of the best-known mixed alcoholic beverages. a popular variation, the vodka martini, uses vodka instead of gin for the cocktail's base spirit.

Drink

Arabica coffee

Coffea arabica (), also known as the arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family rubiaceae. it is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated, and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. coffee produced from the (less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated) robusta bean (c. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. arabica coffee originates from ethiopia and was first cultivated in yemen, and documented by the 12th century. coffea arabica is called ‏بُنّ‎ (būnn) in arabic, borrowed from the oromo "buna".

Drink

Black coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Drink

Café con leche

Café con leche ('coffee with milk') is a coffee beverage common throughout spain and latin america consisting of strong coffee (usually espresso) mixed with scalded milk in approximately equal amounts. the amount of milk can be higher in a café con leche en vaso or a café con leche de desayuno. sugar or sweetener is added to taste. it is similar to the italian caffè latte and the french café au lait.

Drink

Caffè corretto

Caffè corretto (pronounced [kafˈfɛ kkorˈrɛtto]), an italian caffeinated alcoholic drink, consists of a shot of espresso with a small amount of liquor, usually grappa, and sometimes sambuca or brandy. it is also known (outside italy) as an "espresso corretto". it is ordered as "un caffè corretto alla grappa", "… alla sambuca", "… al cognac", or "corretto di spadino", depending on the desired liquor. most italian bartenders prepare a caffè corretto simply adding a few drops of the desired liquor into an espresso shot; however in some cases the liquor is served in a shot alongside the coffee allowing the customer to pour the quantity they desire. a few bartenders also let their regular customers make their drink themselves providing the espresso shot and the bottle of liquor. the italian word corretto corresponds to the english word 'correct' in the sense of 'corrected'. the term is now an italian phraseme.caffè corretto can also be found widely in eritrea, a legacy of the italian colonization of eritrea. asmarino bartenders pour locally produced areki and cognac. in spain, a similar drink is known as carajillo; in portugal it is known as café com cheirinho (coffee with scent); in france pousse-café or café-calva (coffee and calvados); and in sweden, norway, and denmark as kaffekask, karsk, or kaffegök.

Drink

Caffè macchiato

Caffè macchiato (italian pronunciation: [kafˈfɛ mmakˈkjaːto] (listen)), sometimes called espresso macchiato, is an espresso coffee drink with a small amount of milk, usually foamed. in italian, macchiato means "stained" or "spotted", so the literal translation of caffè macchiato is "stained coffee" or "marked coffee".

Drink

Caffè mocha

A caffè mocha ( or ), also called mocaccino (italian: [mokatˈtʃiːno]), is a chocolate-flavoured warm beverage that is a variant of a café latte (italian: [kafˈfɛ lˈlatte]), commonly served in a glass rather than a mug. other commonly used spellings are mochaccino and also mochachino. the name is derived from the city of mocha, yemen, which was one of the centres of early coffee trade. like latte, the name is commonly shortened to just mocha.

Drink

Cappuccino

A cappuccino ( (listen); italian pronunciation: [kapputˈtʃiːno]; italian plural: cappuccini) is an espresso-based coffee drink that originated in austria with later development taking place in italy, and is prepared with steamed milk foam (microfoam).variations of the drink involve the use of cream instead of milk, using non-dairy milk substitutes and flavoring with cinnamon or chocolate powder. it is typically smaller in volume than a caffè latte, with a thicker layer of microfoam.the name comes from the capuchin friars, referring to the colour of their habits, and in this context referring to the colour of the beverage when milk is added in small portion to dark, brewed coffee (today mostly espresso). the physical appearance of a modern cappuccino with espresso créma and steamed milk is a result of a long evolution of the drink. the viennese bestowed the name "kapuziner", possibly in the 18th century, on a version that included whipped cream and spices of unknown origin. the italian cappuccino was unknown outside italy until the 1930s, and seems to be born out of viennese-style cafés in trieste and other italian areas in austria-hungary through the kapuziner coffee in the early 20th century. the drink spread from trieste, the main coffee port in central europe, throughout italy, especially after world war i and later worldwide, and can be found at a number of establishments.

Drink

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Drink

Cold brew coffee

Coffee drinks are made by brewing water with ground coffee beans. the brewing is either done slowly by drip, filter, french press, cafetière or percolator, or done very quickly under pressure by an espresso machine. when put under the pressure of an espresso machine, the coffee is termed espresso while slow-brewed coffees are generally termed brewed coffee. while all coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, some drinks add milk or cream, some are made with steamed milk or non-dairy milks, or add water (like the americano). upon milk additions, coffee's flavor can vary with different syrups or sweeteners, alcoholic liqueurs, and even combinations of coffee with espresso or tea. there are many variations to the basic coffee or espresso bases. with the invention of the gaggia machine, espresso, and espresso with milk such as cappuccino and latte, spread in popularity from italy to the uk in the 1950s. it then came to america, and with the rise in popularity of the italian coffee culture in the 1980s it began to spread worldwide via coffeehouses and coffeehouse chains.the caffeine content in coffee beans may be reduced via one of several decaffeination processes to produce decaffeinated coffee, also known as decaf, which may be served as regular, espresso or instant coffee.

Drink

Cortado

A cortado is a beverage consisting of espresso mixed with a roughly equal amount of warm milk to reduce the acidity. the milk in a cortado is steamed, but not frothy and "texturized" as in many italian coffee drinks. the cortado comes from spain, most likely madrid, where it is commonly served.the word cortado is the past participle of the spanish verb cortar (to cut), in the sense of "dilute", and can refer variously to either coffee or espresso drinks throughout spanish and portuguese speaking countries.