Main

Ades

Lentil sauce or soup

Main

Alicha wot

Non-spicy stewed vegetables, meat, lentils, may be vegetarian or include meat

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Alitcha birsen

Stewed tomatoes and lentils

Drink

Araki

Anise flavored liqueur

Drink

Asmara

Asmara brewery (formerly, melotti brewery) is a brewery in eritrea, founded in 1938. the brewery was nationalized by the derg during the eritrean war of independence. the brewery operates a football team, which plays in the eritrean premier league. the factory has over 600 employees.

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Bean stew

Stew made with lentils, faba beans

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Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Berbere

Berbere (oromo: barbaree, amharic: በርበሬ bärbäre, tigrinya: በርበረ bärbärä) is a spice mixture whose constituent elements usually include chili peppers, coriander, garlic, ginger, ethiopian holy basil (besobela) seeds, korarima, rue, ajwain or radhuni, nigella, and fenugreek. it is a key ingredient in the cuisines of ethiopia and eritrea. berbere sometimes encompasses herbs and spices that are less well known internationally. these include both cultivated plants and those that grow wild in ethiopia, such as korarima (aframomum corrorima) and long pepper.

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Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Drink

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

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Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (greek: βραχύς, romanized: brachys = short, οὐρά / οura = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. they live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. they first appeared during the jurassic period.

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Doro wot

Spicy stewed chicken, beef, lamb, eggs, vegetables

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Fata

Spicy tomato bread salad with yogurt

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Fish

Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. fish has been an important dietary source of protein and other nutrients throughout human history. the english language does not have a special culinary name for food prepared from fish like with other animals (as with pig vs. pork), or as in other languages (such as spanish pescado vs. pez). in culinary and fishery contexts, fish may include so-called shellfish such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms; more expansively, seafood covers both fish and other marine life used as food.since 1961, the average annual increase in global apparent food fish consumption (3.2 percent) has outpaced population growth (1.6 percent) and exceeded consumption of meat from all terrestrial animals, combined (2.8 percent) and individually (bovine, ovine, porcine, etc.), except poultry (4.9 percent). in per capita terms, food fish consumption has grown from 9.0 kg (19.8 lb) in 1961 to 20.2 kg (45 lb) in 2015, at an average rate of about 1.5 percent per year. the expansion in consumption has been driven not only by increased production, but also by a combination of many other factors, including reduced wastage, better utilization, improved distribution channels and growing consumer demand, linked with population growth, rising disposable incomes and urbanization.europe, japan and the united states of america together accounted for 47 percent of the world's total food fish consumption in 1961, but only about 20 percent in 2015. of the global total of 149 million tonnes in 2015, asia consumed more than two-thirds (106 million tonnes at 24.0 kg per capita). oceania and africa consumed the lowest share. the shift is the result of structural changes in the sector and in particular the growing role of asian countries in fish production, as well as a significant gap between the economic growth rates of the world's more mature fish markets and those of many increasingly important emerging markets around the world, particularly in asia.

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Fit-fit

Fit-fit or fir-fir (ge'ez: ፍትፍት fitfit; ፍርፍር firfir), (oromo: chechebsaa), is an eritrean and ethiopian food typically served as breakfast. fit-fit is served by preparing sauce and shredding injera or kitcha into pieces and mixing the two. it is generally made with shredded flat bread, spiced clarified butter, and the hot spice berbere. there are two main varieties of fit-fit depending on the type of flatbread being used: the sourdough injera and the unleavened kitcha.

Breakfast

Fit-fit

Fit-fit or fir-fir (ge'ez: ፍትፍት fitfit; ፍርፍር firfir), (oromo: chechebsaa), is an eritrean and ethiopian food typically served as breakfast. fit-fit is served by preparing sauce and shredding injera or kitcha into pieces and mixing the two. it is generally made with shredded flat bread, spiced clarified butter, and the hot spice berbere. there are two main varieties of fit-fit depending on the type of flatbread being used: the sourdough injera and the unleavened kitcha.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Frittata

Frittata is an egg-based italian dish similar to an omelette or crustless quiche or scrambled eggs, enriched with additional ingredients such as meats, cheeses, or vegetables. the word frittata is italian and roughly translates to "fried".

Drink

Fruit juice

Banana, mango, papaya

Main

Ful medames

Ful medames (arabic: فول مدمس, fūl mudammas ipa: [fuːl mudammas]; other spellings include ful mudammas and foule mudammes), or simply fūl, is a stew of cooked fava beans served with olive oil, cumin, and optionally with chopped parsley, garlic, onion, lemon juice, chili pepper, and other vegetable, herb, and spice ingredients. ful medames is traditionally made in and served out of a large metal jug. it is notably a staple food in egypt and is considered a national dish, especially in the northern cities of cairo and gizah. ful medames is also a common part of the cuisines of many arab, middle eastern, and north african cuisines.

Breakfast

Ful medames

Ful medames (arabic: فول مدمس, fūl mudammas ipa: [fuːl mudammas]; other spellings include ful mudammas and foule mudammes), or simply fūl, is a stew of cooked fava beans served with olive oil, cumin, and optionally with chopped parsley, garlic, onion, lemon juice, chili pepper, and other vegetable, herb, and spice ingredients. ful medames is traditionally made in and served out of a large metal jug. it is notably a staple food in egypt and is considered a national dish, especially in the northern cities of cairo and gizah. ful medames is also a common part of the cuisines of many arab, middle eastern, and north african cuisines.

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Genfo

Genfo (amharic: ገንፎ, gänəfo), ga’at (tigrinya: ጛኣት, ga'atə), or marca (oromiffa: marqaa) is a stiff porridge-like substance that is normally formed into a round shape with a hole in the middle for the dipping sauce, a mixture of butter and red peppers, or pulses such as sunflower, seed, nut (carthamus tinctorius) and flax (linum usitatissimum).genfo shares many similarities with the arab asida. genfo is made with barley or wheat flour and to cook it the flour and water are combined and stirred continuously with a wooden spoon. genfo is presented in a large mound with a hole in the center, filled with a mixture of niter kibbeh and berbere. the porridge may be eaten with the hands or with a utensil.

Breakfast

Genfo

Genfo (amharic: ገንፎ, gänəfo), ga’at (tigrinya: ጛኣት, ga'atə), or marca (oromiffa: marqaa) is a stiff porridge-like substance that is normally formed into a round shape with a hole in the middle for the dipping sauce, a mixture of butter and red peppers, or pulses such as sunflower, seed, nut (carthamus tinctorius) and flax (linum usitatissimum).genfo shares many similarities with the arab asida. genfo is made with barley or wheat flour and to cook it the flour and water are combined and stirred continuously with a wooden spoon. genfo is presented in a large mound with a hole in the center, filled with a mixture of niter kibbeh and berbere. the porridge may be eaten with the hands or with a utensil.

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Goat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (capra aegagrus hircus). the common name for goat meat is simply "goat", though meat from adult goats is referred to as chevon, while that from young goats can be called capretto (it.), cabrito (sp. and por.) or kid. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, mutton commonly means goat meat. in south asia, where mutton curry is popular, "mutton" is used for both goat and lamb meat. the culinary name "chevon", a blend of chèvre 'goat' and mouton 'sheep', was coined in 1922 and selected by a trade association; it was adopted by the united states department of agriculture in 1928.: 19  according to market research, consumers in the united states prefer "chevon" to "goat" "cabrito", a word of spanish and portuguese origin, refers specifically to the meat of a young, milk-fed goat. it is also known as chivo.

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Gored gored

Gored gored (amharic: ጎረድ ጎረድ; amharic pronunciation: [ɡorəd ɡorəd]) is a raw beef dish eaten in ethiopia and eritrea. whereas kitfo is minced beef marinated in spices and clarified butter, gored gored is cubed and left unmarinated. like kitfo, it is widely popular and considered a national dish. it is often served with mitmita (a powdered seasoning mix) and awazi (a type of mustard and chilli sauce).

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Himbasha

Ambasha (amharic: አምባሻ); or himbasha (tigrinya: ሕምባሻ) is an ethiopian and eritrean celebration bread that is slightly sweet. it became popular in ethiopian and eritrean cuisine and is often served at special occasions. it is prepared in a number of varieties depending on region and nationality with the main two being the quintessential ethiopian varient, and the more distinctive eritrean flavoring with raisins. the dough is given a decorative touch before baking. the design varies in detail, but in general, is given the shape of a wheel with indentations to create several spokes (see picture). common additions to the recipe include candied orange, ginger, or ground cardamom seeds, although plain varieties are common as well.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Injera

Injera (amharic: እንጀራ, romanized: ənǧära, [ɨndʒəra]; oromo: biddeena; tigrinya: ጣይታ, romanized: ṭayta) is a sour fermented pancake-like flatbread with a slightly spongy texture, traditionally made of teff flour. in ethiopia, eritrea, and some parts of sudan, injera is the staple. injera is central to the dining process, like bread or rice elsewhere.

Breakfast

Injera

Injera (amharic: እንጀራ, romanized: ənǧära, [ɨndʒəra]; oromo: biddeena; tigrinya: ጣይታ, romanized: ṭayta) is a sour fermented pancake-like flatbread with a slightly spongy texture, traditionally made of teff flour. in ethiopia, eritrea, and some parts of sudan, injera is the staple. injera is central to the dining process, like bread or rice elsewhere.

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Injera

Injera (amharic: እንጀራ, romanized: ənǧära, [ɨndʒəra]; oromo: biddeena; tigrinya: ጣይታ, romanized: ṭayta) is a sour fermented pancake-like flatbread with a slightly spongy texture, traditionally made of teff flour. in ethiopia, eritrea, and some parts of sudan, injera is the staple. injera is central to the dining process, like bread or rice elsewhere.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Kitcha

Kitcha (tigrinya: ቂቻ, kitta amharic: ቂጣ), (oromo: caccabsaa "chachebsa"), is a relatively thin unleavened bread typical of ethiopian and eritrean cuisine. it is generally made with wheat flour, water, and salt. it is cooked in a hot pan free-form until one side is cooked. it is then picked up and cooked on the other side. slight burning on each side is often seen. kitcha will take the shape of the pan in which it is cooked (much like a pancake, though it bears no relation). it is most frequently eaten in a dish called kitcha fit-fit.

Main

Kulwha

Beef or lamb stewed with vegetables, spices, serve with injera, rice

Main

Lamb

Lamb, hogget, and mutton, generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep, ovis aries. a sheep in its first year is a lamb and its meat is also lamb. the meat from sheep in their second year is hogget. older sheep meat is mutton. generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside norway, new zealand, south africa and australia. hogget has become more common in england, particularly in the north (lancashire and yorkshire) often in association with rare breed and organic farming. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, "mutton" often means goat meat. at various times and places, "mutton" or "goat mutton" has occasionally been used to mean goat meat.lamb is the most expensive of the three types and in recent decades sheep meat is increasingly only retailed as "lamb", sometimes stretching the accepted distinctions given above. the stronger-tasting mutton is now hard to find in many areas, despite the efforts of the mutton renaissance campaign in the uk. in australia, the term prime lamb is often used to refer to lambs raised for meat. other languages, for example french, spanish, italian and arabic, make similar or even more detailed distinctions among sheep meats by age and sometimes by sex and diet—for example, lechazo in spanish refers to meat from milk-fed (unweaned) lambs.

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Lasagna

Lasagne (us: , also uk: , italian: [laˈzaɲɲe]; singular lasagna, italian: [laˈzaɲɲa]) are a type of pasta, possibly one of the oldest types, made of very wide, flat sheets. either term can also refer to an italian dish made of stacked layers of lasagne alternating with fillings such as ragù (ground meats and tomato sauce), vegetables, cheeses (which may include ricotta, mozzarella, and parmesan), and seasonings and spices, like italian seasoning, such as garlic, oregano and basil. the dish may be topped with grated cheese, which becomes melted after baking. typically cooked pasta is assembled with the other ingredients and then baked in an oven. the resulting baked pasta is cut into single-serving square portions.

Drink

Mies

Honey alcohol

Main

Mutton

Lamb, hogget, and mutton, generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep, ovis aries. a sheep in its first year is a lamb and its meat is also lamb. the meat from sheep in their second year is hogget. older sheep meat is mutton. generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside norway, new zealand, south africa and australia. hogget has become more common in england, particularly in the north (lancashire and yorkshire) often in association with rare breed and organic farming. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, "mutton" often means goat meat. at various times and places, "mutton" or "goat mutton" has occasionally been used to mean goat meat.lamb is the most expensive of the three types and in recent decades sheep meat is increasingly only retailed as "lamb", sometimes stretching the accepted distinctions given above. the stronger-tasting mutton is now hard to find in many areas, despite the efforts of the mutton renaissance campaign in the uk. in australia, the term prime lamb is often used to refer to lambs raised for meat. other languages, for example french, spanish, italian and arabic, make similar or even more detailed distinctions among sheep meats by age and sometimes by sex and diet—for example, lechazo in spanish refers to meat from milk-fed (unweaned) lambs.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nay tsom

Fasting food

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Niter kibbeh

Niter kibbeh, or niter qibe (amharic: ንጥር ቅቤ niṭer ḳibē), also called tesmi (in tigrinya), is a seasoned, clarified butter used in ethiopian and eritrean cuisine. its preparation is similar to that of ghee, but niter kibbeh is simmered with spices such as besobela (known as ethiopian sacred basil), koseret, fenugreek, cumin, coriander, turmeric, ethiopian cardamom (korarima), cinnamon, or nutmeg before straining, imparting a distinct, spicy aroma. the version using vegetable oil instead of butter is called yeqimem zeyet.

Main

Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. in some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily ostreoidea. some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.

Dessert, Sweet

Panettone

Panettone (, italian: [panetˈtoːne]; milanese: panetton [paneˈtũː]) is an italian type of sweet bread originally from milan, usually prepared and enjoyed for christmas and new year in western, southern, and southeastern europe as well as in south america, eritrea, australia, the united states and canada.it has a cupola shape, which extends from a cylindrical base and is usually about 12–15 cm high for a panettone weighing 1 kg. other bases may be used, such as an octagon, or a frustum with a star section shape more common to pandoro. it is made during a long process that involves curing the dough, which is acidic, similar to sourdough. the proofing process alone takes several days, giving the cake its distinctive fluffy characteristics. it contains candied orange, citron, and lemon zest, as well as raisins, which are added dry and not soaked. many other variations are available such as plain or with chocolate. it is served in wedge shapes, vertically cut, accompanied with sweet hot beverages or a sweet wine, such as asti or moscato d'asti. in some regions of italy, it is served with crema al mascarpone, a cream made by combining eggs, cheese, and alcohol. efforts are underway to obtain protected designation of origin and denominazione di origine controllata status for this product, but these have not yet been successful. former italian agriculture minister paolo de castro was known to be looking at ways to protect genuine italian cakes from growing competition in south america, and exploring whether action could be taken at the world trade organization.

Main

Pizza

Pizza (italian: [ˈpittsa], neapolitan: [ˈpittsə]) is a dish of italian origin consisting of a usually round, flat base of leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomatoes, cheese, and often various other ingredients (such as various types of sausage, anchovies, mushrooms, onions, olives, vegetables, meat, ham, etc.), which is then baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven. a small pizza is sometimes called a pizzetta. a person who makes pizza is known as a pizzaiolo. in italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork. in casual settings, however, it is cut into wedges to be eaten while held in the hand. the term pizza was first recorded in the 10th century in a latin manuscript from the southern italian town of gaeta in lazio, on the border with campania. modern pizza was invented in naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular in many countries. it has become one of the most popular foods in the world and a common fast food item in europe, north america and australasia; available at pizzerias (restaurants specializing in pizza), restaurants offering mediterranean cuisine, via pizza delivery, and as street food. various food companies sell ready-baked pizzas, which may be frozen, in grocery stores, to be reheated in a home oven. in 2017, the world pizza market was us$128 billion, and in the us it was $44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias. overall, 13% of the u.s. population aged 2 years and over consumed pizza on any given day.the associazione verace pizza napoletana (lit. true neapolitan pizza association) is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in naples that aims to promote traditional neapolitan pizza. in 2009, upon italy's request, neapolitan pizza was registered with the european union as a traditional speciality guaranteed dish, and in 2017 the art of its making was included on unesco's list of intangible cultural heritage.raffaele esposito is often considered to be the father of modern pizza.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Popcorn

Popcorn (also called popped corn, popcorns or pop-corn) is a variety of corn kernel which expands and puffs up when heated; the same names also refer to the foodstuff produced by the expansion. a popcorn kernel's strong hull contains the seed's hard, starchy shell endosperm with 14–20% moisture, which turns to steam as the kernel is heated. pressure from the steam continues to build until the hull ruptures, allowing the kernel to forcefully expand, to 20 to 50 times its original volume, and then cool.some strains of corn (taxonomized as zea mays) are cultivated specifically as popping corns. the zea mays variety everta, a special kind of flint corn, is the most common of these. popcorn is one of six major types of corn, which includes dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, flour corn, and sweet corn.

Main

Pork

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). it is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 bc.pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. ham, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork. charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. pork is the most popular meat in the western world, particularly in central europe. it is also very popular in east and southeast asia (mainland southeast asia, philippines, singapore, east timor, and malaysia). the meat is highly prized in asian cuisines, especially in mainland china, for its fat content and texture. some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably islam and judaism.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rug'o

Yogurt (uk: ; us: , from turkish: yoğurmak, also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. the bacteria used to make yogurt are known as yogurt cultures. fermentation of sugars in the milk by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and characteristic tart flavor. cow's milk is the milk most commonly used to make yogurt. milk from water buffalo, goats, ewes, mares, camels, and yaks are also used to produce yogurt. the milk used may be homogenized or not. it may be pasteurized or raw. each type of milk produces substantially different results. yogurt is produced using a culture of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus bacteria. in addition, other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are sometimes added during or after culturing yogurt. some countries require yogurt to contain a specific amount of colony-forming units (cfu) of bacteria; in china, for example, the requirement for the number of lactobacillus bacteria is at least 1 million cfu per milliliter.to produce yogurt, milk is first heated, usually to about 85 °c (185 °f), to denature the milk proteins so that they do not form curds. after heating, the milk is allowed to cool to about 45 °c (113 °f). the bacterial culture is mixed in, and a warm temperature of 30–45 °c (86–113 °f) is maintained for 4 to 12 hours to allow fermentation to occur, with the higher temperatures working faster but risking a lumpy texture or whey separation.

Main

Seafood

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in asia. seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. the harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals. some seafoods (i.e. kelp) are used as food for other plants (a fertilizer). in these ways, seafoods are used to produce further food for human consumption. also, products such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are extracted from seafoods. some seafood is fed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets such as cats. a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for nonfood purposes (e.g. leather).

Drink

Shahi

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with "tea" made from the tea plant.

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Shiro

Shiro (ge'ez: ሽሮ, romanized: šəro), also called shiro wat (amharic: ሽሮ ወጥ, romanized: šəro wäṭ), or tsebhi shiro (tigrinya: ጸብሒ ሽሮ, romanized: ṣäbhi šəro), is a stew served for either lunch or dinner, originated from ethiopia and eritrea. an essential part of eritrean and ethiopian cuisine, its primary ingredient is powdered chickpeas or broad bean meal and often prepared with the addition of minced onions, garlic and, depending upon regional variation, ground ginger or chopped tomatoes and chili-peppers. shiro is served atop injera (leavened flatbread) or kitcha (unleavened flatbread). tegabino shiro is a type of shiro made from heavily spiced legume, chickpea, field pea, or fava bean, oil (or butter), and water. it is brought bubbling to the table in a miniature clay pot or shallow aluminum pan. it is often consumed with dark or sergegna injera.shiro can be cooked and added to shredded injera or taita and eaten with a spoon; this version is called shiro fit-fit. shiro is a vegan food, but there are non-vegan variations that use niter kibbeh (a spiced, clarified butter) or meat (in which case it is called bozena shiro). shiro is a favorite dish during special occasions, including tsom (lent), ramadan and other fasting seasons.

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Shrimp

Shrimp are crustaceans with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly caridea and dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are referred to as "shrimp". more narrow definitions may be restricted to caridea, to smaller species of either group or to only the marine species. under a broader definition, shrimp may be synonymous with prawn, covering stalk-eyed swimming crustaceans with long, narrow muscular tails (abdomens), long whiskers (antennae), and slender legs. any small crustacean which resembles a shrimp tends to be called one. they swim forward by paddling with swimmerets on the underside of their abdomens, although their escape response is typically repeated flicks with the tail driving them backwards very quickly. crabs and lobsters have strong walking legs, whereas shrimp have thin, fragile legs which they use primarily for perching.shrimp are widespread and abundant. there are thousands of species adapted to a wide range of habitats. they can be found feeding near the seafloor on most coasts and estuaries, as well as in rivers and lakes. to escape predators, some species flip off the seafloor and dive into the sediment. they usually live from one to seven years. shrimp are often solitary, though they can form large schools during the spawning season.they play important roles in the food chain and are an important food source for larger animals ranging from fish to whales. the muscular tails of many shrimp are edible to humans, and they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption. commercial shrimp species support an industry worth 50 billion dollars a year, and in 2010 the total commercial production of shrimp was nearly 7 million tonnes. shrimp farming became more prevalent during the 1980s, particularly in china, and by 2007 the harvest from shrimp farms exceeded the capture of wild shrimp. there are significant issues with excessive bycatch when shrimp are captured in the wild, and with pollution damage done to estuaries when they are used to support shrimp farming. many shrimp species are small as the term shrimp suggests, about 2 cm (0.79 in) long, but some shrimp exceed 25 cm (9.8 in). larger shrimp are more likely to be targeted commercially and are often referred to as prawns, particularly in britain.

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Silsi

Spiced tomato and onion stew or sauce, serve with injera

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Spaghetti

Spaghetti (italian: [spaˈɡetti]) is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta. it is a staple food of traditional italian cuisine. like other pasta, spaghetti is made of milled wheat and water and sometimes enriched with vitamins and minerals. italian spaghetti is typically made from durum wheat semolina. usually the pasta is white because refined flour is used, but whole wheat flour may be added. spaghettoni is a thicker form of spaghetti, while capellini is a very thin spaghetti. originally, spaghetti was notably long, but shorter lengths gained in popularity during the latter half of the 20th century and now it is most commonly available in 25–30 cm (10–12 in) lengths. a variety of pasta dishes are based on it and it is frequently served with tomato sauce or meat or vegetables.

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Stew

A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy. ingredients in a stew can include any combination of vegetables and may include meat, especially tougher meats suitable for slow-cooking, such as beef, pork, lamb, poultry, sausages, and seafood. while water can be used as the stew-cooking liquid, stock is also common. a small amount of red wine is sometimes added for flavour. seasoning and flavourings may also be added. stews are typically cooked at a relatively low temperature (simmered, not boiled), allowing flavours to mingle. stewing is suitable for the least tender cuts of meat that become tender and juicy with the slow moist heat method. this makes it popular in low-cost cooking. cuts having a certain amount of marbling and gelatinous connective tissue give moist, juicy stews, while lean meat may easily become dry. stews are thickened by reduction or with flour, either by coating pieces of meat with flour before searing, or by using a roux or beurre manié, a dough consisting of equal parts of fat and flour. thickeners like cornstarch, potato starch, or arrowroot may also be used. stews are similar to soups, and in some cases there may not be a clear distinction between the two. generally, stews have less liquid than soups, are much thicker and require longer cooking over low heat. while soups are almost always served in a bowl, stews may be thick enough to be served on a plate with the gravy as a sauce over the solid ingredients.

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Stewed greens

Stewed cassava leaves, kale, malakwang, blackjack, goosefoot, marogo, pigweed, purslane, thistle, sweet potato leaves, malanga, pumpkin leaves, njama njama, spinach

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Stewed meat

A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy. ingredients in a stew can include any combination of vegetables and may include meat, especially tougher meats suitable for slow-cooking, such as beef, pork, lamb, poultry, sausages, and seafood. while water can be used as the stew-cooking liquid, stock is also common. a small amount of red wine is sometimes added for flavour. seasoning and flavourings may also be added. stews are typically cooked at a relatively low temperature (simmered, not boiled), allowing flavours to mingle. stewing is suitable for the least tender cuts of meat that become tender and juicy with the slow moist heat method. this makes it popular in low-cost cooking. cuts having a certain amount of marbling and gelatinous connective tissue give moist, juicy stews, while lean meat may easily become dry. stews are thickened by reduction or with flour, either by coating pieces of meat with flour before searing, or by using a roux or beurre manié, a dough consisting of equal parts of fat and flour. thickeners like cornstarch, potato starch, or arrowroot may also be used. stews are similar to soups, and in some cases there may not be a clear distinction between the two. generally, stews have less liquid than soups, are much thicker and require longer cooking over low heat. while soups are almost always served in a bowl, stews may be thick enough to be served on a plate with the gravy as a sauce over the solid ingredients.

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Stewed vegetables

Drink

Suwa

Siwa (or suwa) (tigrinya: ሰዋ, romanized: säwa), amharic: ጠላ, is a beer originating from tigray. traditionally home-brewed, siwa remains locally popular during social events, after (manual) work, and as an incentive for farmers and labourers. thousands of traditional beer houses (inda siwa) straddle the tigrayan urban and rural landscapes.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Tegelese tesmi

Spiced clarified butter

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Tsebhi birsen

Lentils stewed in a spicy berbere sauce

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Tsebhi dorho

Chicken stewed in a spicy berbere sauce

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Tsebhi sega

Minced meat such as beef or lamb stewed in a spicy berbere sauce

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Tsebhi shiro

Peanuts stewed in a spicy berbere sauce

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Tumtumo

Pureed lentils simmered with berbere, onions and garlic

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Wat

Wat or wot (amharic: ወጥ, ipa: [wətʼ]) or tsebhi (tigrinya: ጸብሒ, ipa: [sʼɐbħi]) is an ethiopian and eritrean stew that may be prepared with chicken, beef, lamb, a variety of vegetables, spice mixtures such as berbere, and niter kibbeh, a seasoned clarified butter.

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Zigni

Zigni (tigrinya: ዝግኒ) or kai wat (amharic: ቀይ ወጥ) is a popular eritrean and ethiopian stew (tsebhi or wat) made from meat, tomatoes, red onions and berbere spices. the meat can be beef, lamb, goat, or chicken and usually placed on a plate of injera, a type of unleavened bread made from teff flour. it can be eaten for lunch or dinner. the dish requires a relatively long amount of time but not a lot of active effort to make. the traditional recipe can take as long as five to six hours to prepare. as such, it is sometimes reserved for special occasions. the berbere spices can make the zigni spicy and give it a red color.it is considered to be the national dish of eritrea.