Main

Abalone

Abalone ( (listen) or ; via spanish abulón, from rumsen aulón) is a common name for any of a group of small to very large marine gastropod molluscs in the family haliotidae. other common names are ear shells, sea ears, and, rarely, muttonfish or muttonshells in parts of australia, ormer in the uk, perlemoen in south africa, and the maori name for three species in new zealand is pāua. abalones are marine snails. their taxonomy puts them in the family haliotidae, which contains only one genus, haliotis, which once contained six subgenera. these subgenera have become alternate representations of haliotis. the number of species recognized worldwide ranges between 30 and 130 with over 230 species-level taxa described. the most comprehensive treatment of the family considers 56 species valid, with 18 additional subspecies. the shells of abalones have a low, open spiral structure, and are characterized by several open respiratory pores in a row near the shell's outer edge. the thick inner layer of the shell is composed of nacre (mother-of-pearl), which in many species is highly iridescent, giving rise to a range of strong, changeable colors which make the shells attractive to humans as decorative objects, jewelry, and as a source of colorful mother-of-pearl. the flesh of abalones is widely considered to be a desirable food, and is consumed raw or cooked by a variety of cultures.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Adobo

Adobo or adobar (spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of cooked food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. the portuguese variant is known as carne de vinha d'alhos. the practice, native to iberia (spanish cuisine and portuguese cuisine), was widely adopted in latin america, as well as spanish and portuguese colonies in africa and asia. in the philippines, the name adobo was given by colonial-era spaniards on the islands to a different indigenous cooking method that also uses vinegar. although similar, this developed independently of spanish influence.

Main

Adobo, Latin American style

Adobo or adobar (spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of cooked food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. the portuguese variant is known as carne de vinha d'alhos. the practice, native to iberia (spanish cuisine and portuguese cuisine), was widely adopted in latin america, as well as spanish and portuguese colonies in africa and asia. in the philippines, the name adobo was given by colonial-era spaniards on the islands to a different indigenous cooking method that also uses vinegar. although similar, this developed independently of spanish influence.

Drink

Agua de arroz

Rice water is a suspension of starch obtained by draining boiled rice or by boiling rice until it completely dissolves into the water. it may be used as a weak gruel for invalids. it is especially effective in the treatment of diarrhea such as that arising in cholera or gastroenteritis.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ají

Ají is a spicy sauce that often contains tomatoes, cilantro (coriander), ají pepper, onions, and water.

Main

Ajiaco

Ajiaco (spanish pronunciation: [aˈxjako]) is a soup common to colombia, cuba, and peru. scholars have debated the origin of the dish. the dish is especially popular in the colombian capital, bogotá, being called ajiaco santafereño, where it is typically made with chicken, three varieties of potatoes, and the herb galinsoga parviflora, known locally as guasca or guascas. in cuba, ajiaco is prepared as a stew, while in peru the dish is prepared with a number of regionally specific variations.

Main

Ají de gallina

Ají de gallina is a peruvian chicken stew. the dish is considered a popular peruvian comfort food, and the name translates to "chicken chili" or "hen's chili" in english. ají de gallina is composed of a sofrito base made by sautéing red onion, garlic, and ají amarillo together, and adding shredded poached poultry and stock. the stew is then thickened with bread soaked in milk or evaporated milk, cheese such as parmesan, and ground nuts such as pecans or walnuts. ají amarillo ("yellow chili") is a mildly spicy pepper native to south america, common in many peruvian cuisine dishes. ají de gallina is typically served with boiled potatoes and white rice, and garnished with black olives and hard-boiled egg.

Drink

Alexander

The alexander (or brandy alexander) is a cocktail consisting of cognac, cocoa liqueur (crème de cacao), and cream.

Dessert, Sweet

Alfajor

An alfajor or alajú (spanish pronunciation: [alfaˈxoɾ], plural alfajores) is a traditional confection typically made of flour, honey, and nuts. it is found in argentina, bolivia, chile, colombia, ecuador, paraguay, peru, the philippines, southern brazil, southern france, spain, uruguay, and venezuela. the archetypal alfajor entered iberia during the period of al-andalus. it is produced in the form of a small cylinder and is sold either individually or in boxes containing several pieces.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Anticuchos

Anticuchos (singular anticucho, quechua 'anti kuchu', anti: 'eastern region of the andes' or 'eastern native ethnicities', kuchu: 'cut'; quechua for 'anti-style cuts', 'eastern-style cuts') are popular and inexpensive meat dishes that originated in the andes during the pre-columbian era, specifically in the antisuyu region of the tawantinsuyu (inca empire). the modern dish was adapted during the colonial era between the 16th and 19th centuries and can now be found in peru. anticuchos can be found on street-carts and street food stalls (anticucheras). the meat may be marinated in vinegar and spices (such as cumin, ají pepper and garlic). while anticuchos can be made of any type of meat, the most popular are made of beef heart (anticuchos de corazón). anticuchos usually come with a boiled potato at the end of the skewer. a similar dish, shish kebab, is found in mediterranean cuisine. in peru, anticuchos are linked to the procession of señor de los milagros.

Drink

Arabica coffee

Coffea arabica (), also known as the arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family rubiaceae. it is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated, and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. coffee produced from the (less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated) robusta bean (c. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. arabica coffee originates from ethiopia and was first cultivated in yemen, and documented by the 12th century. coffea arabica is called ‏بُنّ‎ (būnn) in arabic, borrowed from the oromo "buna".

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arepa

Arepa (spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾepa]) is a type of food made of ground maize dough, eaten in the northern region of south america since pre-columbian times, and notable primarily in the cuisine of colombia and venezuela, but also present in the cuisines of bolivia and other countries.it is commonly eaten in those countries and can be served with accompaniments such as cheese, cuajada (fresh cheese), various meats, chicken, avocado, or diablito (deviled ham spread). it can also be split to make sandwiches. sizes, maize types, and added ingredients vary its preparation. it is similar to the mexican gordita, the salvadoran pupusa, the ecuadorian tortilla de maíz and the panamanian tortilla or changa.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arrollado huaso

Pork roll, serve with aji, avocado

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arroz

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Main

Arroz a la valenciana

Arroz a la valenciana (valencian-style rice; in valencian, arròs a la valenciana) or valencian rice is a name for a multitude of rice dishes from diverse cuisines of the world, which originate from the rice-cooking tradition of the valencian community, in eastern spain. the paella is one of the recipes derived from a generic method to cook rice developed in the old kingdom of valencia, method also applied to the modern variants of arroz a la valenciana. the method of preparing valencian rice has been practiced since colonial era and is found in argentine, colombian, cuban, nicaraguan, portuguese, uruguayan and venezuelan cuisines. it is even found in filipino cuisine, where it is referred to as arosbalensiyana. on the other hand, valencian paella, did not emerge until the late 19th century, among the peasants of the horta of valencia. in spain, when a paella has other ingredients that are not "properly valencian" it receives the informal, popular, and derogatory name of arroz con cosas ('rice with stuff').although there is a wide variety of arroz a la valenciana recipes, they all share a few commonalities. for example, typically, the rice is dry (without broth) and colored by various spices (originally saffron). additionally it is common to include vegetables, meats and seafood.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arroz con fideos

Rice with noodles

Dessert, Sweet

Arroz con leche

Rice pudding is a dish made from rice mixed with water or milk and other ingredients such as cinnamon, vanilla and raisins. variants are used for either desserts or dinners. when used as a dessert, it is commonly combined with a sweetener such as sugar. such desserts are found on many continents, especially asia where rice is a staple. some variants are thickened only with the rice starch; others include eggs, making them a kind of custard.

Main

Arroz con pollo

Arroz con pollo (spanish for rice with chicken) is a traditional dish of latin america, closely related to paella. in the dominican republic it is alternately called locrio de pollo, and in saint martin it is called lokri or locreo.there is some debate as to whether it originated in spain or puerto rico. many puerto ricans note that arroz con pollo cannot be made without beer and annatto oil, and saffron is no substitute. beer and annatto are rarely used in spanish cooking and never in arroz con pollo there. annatto is frequently used in puerto rican cooking especially in rice dishes like arroz con gandules (rice with pork and pigeon peas) and arroz con maiz (rice with corn and sausage). beer is used in many puerto rican dishes like pollo guisado (braised stewed chicken) and asopao de pollo (chicken rice stew). many puerto rican rice dishes are generously seasoned with sofrito, a sauce commonly used in arroz con pollo. food writer elisabeth lambert ortiz, pointing out the international aspects of the dish, notes the origin of arroz con pollo in the spanish forms of pilaf, already reflecting international influences: chicken was brought from india and rice from asia; saffron (used for the yellow colour in spain, instead of annatto) was introduced by phoenician traders; tomatoes and peppers (also known as sofrito) are natives of the americas.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arroz con queso

Rice cooked with cheese

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arroz de verduras

Vegetable rice, rice mixed with vegetables

Main

Arroz frito

Fried rice is a dish of cooked rice that has been stir-fried in a wok or a frying pan and is usually mixed with other ingredients such as eggs, vegetables, seafood, or meat. it is often eaten by itself or as an accompaniment to another dish. fried rice is a popular component of east asian, southeast asian and certain south asian cuisines, as well as a staple national dish of indonesia. as a homemade dish, fried rice is typically made with ingredients left over from other dishes, leading to countless variations. [1] first developed during the sui dynasty in china and as such all fried rice dishes can trace their origins to chinese fried rice.many varieties of fried rice have their own specific list of ingredients. in greater china, common varieties include yangzhou fried rice and hokkien fried rice. japanese chāhan is considered a japanese chinese dish, having derived from chinese fried rice dishes. korean bokkeum-bap in general is not of korean chinese origin, although there is a korean chinese variety of bokkeum-bap. in southeast asia, similarly constructed indonesian, malaysian, and singaporean nasi goreng and thai khao phat are popular dishes. in the west, most restaurants catering to vegetarians have invented their own varieties of fried rice, including egg fried rice. fried rice is also seen on the menus of american restaurants offering cuisines with no native tradition of the dish. additionally, the cuisine of some latin american countries includes variations on fried rice, including ecuadorian chaulafan, peruvian arroz chaufa, cuban arroz frito, and puerto rican arroz mamposteao. fried rice is a common street food in asia. in some asian countries, small restaurants, street vendors and traveling hawkers specialize in serving fried rice. in indonesian cities it is common to find fried rice street hawkers moving through the streets with their food cart and stationing it in busy streets or residential areas. many southeast asian street food stands offer fried rice with a selection of optional garnishes and side dishes.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arroz graneado

Fried rice with garlic

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Arroz verde

Rice cooked with cilantro, spinach, chicken stock, spices

Main

Asado al palo

Lamb cooked over hot coals using a rack

Main

Asado Chileno

Asado (spanish: [aˈsaðo]) is the technique and the social event of having or attending a barbecue in various south american countries, especially argentina, chile, paraguay and uruguay where it is also a traditional event. an asado usually consists of beef, pork, chicken, chorizo, and morcilla which are cooked on a grill, called a parrilla, or an open fire. generally the meats are accompanied by red wine and salads. this meat is prepared by a person who is the assigned asador or parrillero.

Main

Asado de tira

Grilled short ribs, typically beef or lamb

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Au jus

Au jus (french: [o ʒy]) is a french culinary term meaning "with juice". it refers to meat dishes prepared or served together with a light broth or gravy, made from the fluids secreted by the meat as it is cooked. in french cuisine, cooking au jus is a natural way to enhance the flavour of dishes, mainly chicken, veal, and lamb. in american cuisine, the term is mostly used to refer to a light sauce for beef recipes, which may be served with the food or placed on the side for dipping.

Drink

Austral

Breakfast

Avena con leche

Avena is a beverage prepared with stewed oatmeal, milk, water, cinnamon, clove and sugar consumed in latin america and caribbean. other spices such as allspice, vanilla, nutmeg, ginger, and citrus peel are popular. avena means oat in the spanish language. it is somewhat similar to horchata, a sweet nut milk drink from spain. avena is prepared using water and milk brought to a boil. sugar and a small amount of oatmeal are added and cooked. if water is used, some amount of milk may optionally be added at the end of cooking. the oats may then be strained out, blended using a blender, or simply allowed to settle to the bottom of the pitcher. a cinnamon stick is sometimes added to the pitcher.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bacon

Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. it is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich (blt), or as a flavouring or accent (as in bacon bits in a salad). bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat. the word is derived from the proto-germanic *bakkon, meaning "back meat". meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". such use is common in areas with significant jewish and muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Baguette

A baguette (; french: [baɡɛt] (listen)) is a long, thin type of bread of french origin that is commonly made from basic lean dough (the dough, though not the shape, is defined by french law). it is distinguishable by its length and crisp crust. a baguette has a diameter of about 5 to 6 centimetres (2–2+1⁄2 inches) and a usual length of about 65 cm (26 in), although a baguette can be up to 1 m (39 in) long. in november 2018, documentation surrounding the "craftsmanship and culture" on making this bread was added to the french ministry of culture's national inventory of intangible cultural heritage. in may 2021, france submitted the baguette for unesco heritage status.

Main

Barnacle

A barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the subclass cirripedia in the subphylum crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters. barnacles are exclusively marine, and tend to live in shallow and tidal waters, typically in erosive settings. they are sessile (nonmobile) and most are suspension feeders, but those in infraclass rhizocephala are highly specialized parasites on crustaceans. they have four nektonic (active swimming) larval stages. around 1,000 barnacle species are currently known. the name cirripedia is latin, meaning "curl-footed". the study of barnacles is called cirripedology.

Dessert, Sweet

Barquillo

Barquillo is a crispy rolled wafer pastry originating from spain. it is made from basic cookie ingredients of flour, sugar, egg whites and butter rolled out thinly and then shaped into a hollow cylinder or a cone. it was traditionally sold by roadside vendors known as barquilleros that carry a characteristic red roulette tin (the ruleta de barquillero). it was introduced to latin america and the philippines during colonial times. in spain and former spanish colonies, barquillos are commonly regarded as a type of christmas cookie. it is also popular during various fiestas. it spread to neighboring countries and today are extremely popular in east and southeast asian countries.

Main

Barros Luco

Barros luco is a hot sandwich in chile that includes beef and melted cheese in one of several types of bread. the sandwich is named after chilean president ramón barros luco, and was coined in the restaurant of the national congress of chile, where president barros luco always asked for this sandwich. other sources point to confitería torres as the place where the sandwich was created.the president's cousin, senator barros jarpa, asked instead for sandwiches with ham and cheese, as he found the beef hard to eat. these sandwiches became known as barros jarpa.

Drink

Batido

Licuados (also known regionally as batidos) are a latin american handmade blended beverage similar to smoothies, made with milk, fruit, and usually ice. they are also sometimes called "preparados" (meaning "prepared").licuados and other fresh fruit juice drinks are ubiquitous throughout mexico. they are sold by street vendors, and in special licuado shops, restaurants, and fruterias (restaurants specializing in fresh fruit).

Dessert, Sweet

Bavarois de lucuma

Bavarian-style custard with lucuma fruit

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bearnaise Sauce

Béarnaise sauce (; french: [be.aʁ.nɛz]) is a sauce made of clarified butter emulsified in egg yolks and white wine vinegar and flavored with herbs. it is basically the "child" of the hollandaise sauce. the difference is only in the flavoring: béarnaise uses shallot, chervil, peppercorns, and tarragon in a reduction of vinegar and wine, while hollandaise is made of a reduction of lemon juice or white wine vinegar, with white peppercorns and a pinch of cayenne instead of the above seasonings. the sauce's name is related to the province of béarn, france. it is light yellow and opaque, smooth and creamy, and a traditional sauce for steak.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bechamel

Bechamel sauce ( french: [beʃamɛl]) is a sauce traditionally made from a white roux (butter and flour in a 1:1 mixture) and milk. bechamel may also be referred to as besciamella (italy), besamel (greece), or white sauce (u.s.). french, italian and greek bechamel sauce recipes include salt and nutmeg as a seasoning base.bechamel sauce is one of the "mother sauces" of french cuisine.

Drink

Becker

Main

Beef stroganoff

Beef stroganoff or beef stroganov (uk: , us: ; russian: бефстро́ганов, romanized: befstróganov, ipa: [bʲɪfˈstroɡənəf]) is an originally russian dish of sautéed pieces of beef served in a sauce of mustard and smetana (sour cream). from its origins in mid-19th-century russia, it has become popular around the world, with considerable variation from the original recipe. mushrooms are common in many variants.

Dessert, Sweet

Berliner

A berliner is a german doughnut with no central hole, made from sweet yeast dough fried in fat or oil, with a marmalade or jam filling like a jelly doughnut, and usually icing, powdered sugar or conventional sugar on top.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beurre Suzette

A sweet, caramelized orange and butter sauce, made with sugar, tangerine or orange juice and zest, grand marnier or orange curaçao liqueur, served with crêpes suzette

Main

Bife de chorizo

A beef tenderloin (us english), known as an eye fillet in australasia, filet in france, filé mignon in brazil, and fillet in the united kingdom and south africa, is cut from the loin of beef.

Drink

Bilz

Soft drink

Main

Bistec

Bistek (from spanish: bistec, "beefsteak"), also known as bistek tagalog or karne frita, is a filipino dish consisting of thinly-sliced beefsteak braised in soy sauce, calamansi juice, garlic, ground black pepper, and onions cut into rings. it is a common staple in the tagalog and western visayan regions of the philippines. it is eaten over white rice.

Main

Bistec a lo pobre

Pan-fried steak, serve with plantains, potatoes, fries, onions, fried eggs

Dessert, Sweet

Bizcocho

Bizcocho (spanish pronunciation: [biθˈkotʃo] or [bisˈkotʃo]) is the name given in the spanish-speaking world to a wide range of pastries, cakes or cookies. the exact product to which the word bizcocho is applied varies widely depending on the region and country. for instance, in spain bizcocho is exclusively used to refer to sponge cake. in uruguay, most buttery flaky pastry including croissants are termed bizcocho, whilst sponge cake is called bizcochuelo. in chile, the dominican republic and bolivia bizcocho refers to a sweet dough (masa) baked with local ingredients, similar to the bizcocho from spain. in ecuador the dough of a bizcocho can either be sweet or salty. the us state new mexico is unusual in using the diminutive form of the name, bizcochito, as the name for a locally developed and very popular cookie.

Dessert, Sweet

Bizcochuelo

Bizcocho (spanish pronunciation: [biθˈkotʃo] or [bisˈkotʃo]) is the name given in the spanish-speaking world to a wide range of pastries, cakes or cookies. the exact product to which the word bizcocho is applied varies widely depending on the region and country. for instance, in spain bizcocho is exclusively used to refer to sponge cake. in uruguay, most buttery flaky pastry including croissants are termed bizcocho, whilst sponge cake is called bizcochuelo. in chile, the dominican republic and bolivia bizcocho refers to a sweet dough (masa) baked with local ingredients, similar to the bizcocho from spain. in ecuador the dough of a bizcocho can either be sweet or salty. the us state new mexico is unusual in using the diminutive form of the name, bizcochito, as the name for a locally developed and very popular cookie.

Dessert, Sweet

Blancmange

Blancmange (, from french: blanc-manger [blɑ̃mɑ̃ʒe]) is a sweet dessert popular throughout europe commonly made with milk or cream and sugar thickened with rice flour, gelatin, corn starch, or irish moss (a source of carrageenan), and often flavoured with almonds. it is usually set in a mould and served cold. although traditionally white (hence the name, in english literally "white eating"), blancmanges are frequently given alternative colours. some similar desserts are french chef marie-antoine carême's bavarian cream, italian panna cotta, the middle eastern muhallebi, chinese annin tofu, hawai'ian haupia and puerto rican tembleque. the historical blancmange originated at some time during the middle ages and usually consisted of capon or chicken, milk or almond milk, rice, and sugar and was considered to be ideal for the sick. tavuk göğsü is a sweet contemporary turkish pudding made with shredded chicken, similar to the medieval european dish.

Drink

Bloody Mary

A bloody mary is a cocktail containing vodka, tomato juice, and other spices and flavorings including worcestershire sauce, hot sauces, garlic, herbs, horseradish, celery, olives, pickled vegetables, salt, black pepper, lemon juice, lime juice and celery salt. some versions of the drink, such as the "surf 'n turf" bloody mary, include shrimp and bacon as garnishes. in the united states, it is usually consumed in the morning or early afternoon, and is popular as a hangover cure. the bloody mary was invented in the 1920s or 1930s. there are various theories as to the origin of the drink and its name. it has many variants, most notably the red snapper (also called bloody margaret), the virgin mary, the caesar, and the michelada.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bocadito

The bocadillo or bocata, in spain, is a sandwich made with spanish bread, usually a baguette or similar type of bread, cut lengthwise. traditionally seen as a humble food, its low cost has allowed it to evolve over time into an iconic piece of cuisine. in spain, they are often eaten in cafes and tapas bars.some bocadillos are seasoned with sauces like mayonnaise, aioli, ketchup, mustard or tomato sauce. they are usually served with cold beer or red wine, drinks, coffee and a portion of tapas. different types of bocadillos are available in different parts of spain, such as the serranito, almussafes and esgarrat.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bocado de dama

Spiral rolls

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bolognese Sauce

Bolognese sauce (uk: , us: ; known in italian as ragù alla bolognese, pronounced [raˈɡu alla boloɲˈɲeːse, -eːze], ragù bolognese, or simply ragù) is a meat-based sauce in italian cuisine, typical of the city of bologna. it is customarily used to dress tagliatelle al ragù and to prepare lasagne alla bolognese. genuine ragù alla bolognese is a slowly cooked meat-based sauce, and its preparation involves several techniques, including sweating, sautéing and braising. ingredients include a characteristic soffritto of onion, celery and carrot, different types of minced or finely chopped beef, often alongside small amounts of fatty pork. white wine, milk, and a small amount of tomato paste or tomatoes are added, and the dish is then gently simmered at length to produce a thick sauce. outside italy, the phrase "bolognese sauce" is often used to refer to a tomato-based sauce to which minced meat has been added; such sauces typically bear little resemblance to the italian ragù alla bolognese, being more similar in fact to the ragù alla napoletana from the tomato-rich south of the country. although in italy ragù alla bolognese is not used with spaghetti (but rather with flat pasta, like tagliatelle), so-called "spaghetti bolognese" has become a popular dish in many other parts of the world.

Drink

Borgoña

Borgoña (burgundy) is a traditional chilean cocktail made with red wine, chopped strawberries, and sugar. it is associated with the country's springtime fiestas patrias, as well as with summertime and christmas.in 2011, a chilean nutritionist calculated the number of calories in various traditional chilean alcoholic beverages and determined that borgoña—at 250 calories per glass—was the fifth most caloric, after pihuelo, paxarette, chupilca, and cola de mono.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bouquet garni

The bouquet garni (french for "garnished bouquet"; pronounced [bukɛ ɡaʁni]) is a bundle of herbs usually tied with string and mainly used to prepare soup, stock, casseroles and various stews. the bouquet is cooked with the other ingredients and removed prior to consumption. liquid remaining in the bouquet garni can be wrung out into the dish.there is no standard recipe for bouquet garni, but most french recipes include thyme, bay leaf and parsley. it may also include basil, burnet, chervil, rosemary, peppercorns, savory and tarragon. vegetables such as carrot, celery (leaves or leaf stalks), celeriac, leek, onion and parsley root are sometimes included in the bouquet. in provence, dried orange peel may be added.sometimes, the bouquet is not bound with string, and its ingredients are filled into a small sachet, a piece of celery stalk, a net, or a tea strainer instead. traditionally, the aromatics are bound within leek leaves, though a cheesecloth, muslin or coffee filter tied with butcher twine can be used.

Dessert, Sweet

Brazo de reina

A swiss roll with manjar (dulce de leche), strawberry jam or raspberry jam filling

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Brioche

Brioche (, also uk: , us: , french: [bʁijɔʃ]) is a bread of french origin whose high egg and butter content gives it a rich and tender crumb. chef joël robuchon described it as "light and slightly puffy, more or less fine, according to the proportion of butter and eggs." it has a dark, golden, and flaky crust, frequently accentuated by an egg wash applied after proofing. brioche is considered a viennoiserie because it is made in the same basic way as bread, but has the richer aspect of a pastry because of the extra addition of eggs, butter, liquid (milk, water, cream, and, sometimes, brandy) and occasionally sugar. brioche, along with pain au lait and pain aux raisins—which are commonly eaten at breakfast or as a snack—form a leavened subgroup of viennoiserie. brioche is often cooked with fruit or chocolate chips and served on its own, or as the basis of a dessert with many local variations in added ingredients, fillings or toppings.

Dessert, Sweet

Brownies

A chocolate brownie or simply a brownie is a square or rectangular chocolate baked confection. brownies come in a variety of forms and may be either fudgy or cakey, depending on their density. brownies often, but not always, have a glossy "skin" on their upper crust. they may also include nuts, frosting, cream cheese, chocolate chips, or other ingredients. a variation made with brown sugar and vanilla rather than chocolate in the batter is called a blond brownie or blondie. the brownie was developed in the united states at the end of the 19th century and popularized there during the first half of the 20th century. they are typically eaten by hand, often accompanied by milk, served warm with ice cream (a la mode), topped with whipped cream, or sprinkled with powdered sugar and fudge. in north america, they are common homemade treats and they are also popular in restaurants and coffeehouses.

Dessert, Sweet

Budín de pan

Bread pudding is a bread-based dessert popular in many countries' cuisines. it is made with stale bread and milk or cream, generally containing eggs, a form of fat such as oil, butter or suet and, depending on whether the pudding is sweet or savory, a variety of other ingredients. sweet bread puddings may use sugar, syrup, honey, dried fruit, nuts, as well as spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, or vanilla. the bread is soaked in the liquids, mixed with the other ingredients, and baked. savory puddings may be served as main courses, while sweet puddings are typically eaten as desserts. in other languages, its name is a translation of "bread pudding" or even just "pudding", for example "pudín" or "budín". in the philippines, banana bread pudding is popular. in mexico, there is a similar dish eaten during lent called capirotada. in the united kingdom, a moist version of nelson cake, itself a bread pudding, is nicknamed "wet nelly".

Main

Butifarra

Sandwich with ham (jamón del país), onions, chili peppers on a white bread roll

Drink

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet sauvignon (french: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. it is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from australia and british columbia, canada to lebanon's beqaa valley. cabernet sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in bordeaux wines where it is often blended with merlot and cabernet franc. from france and spain, the grape spread across europe and to the new world where it found new homes in places like california's santa cruz mountains, paso robles, napa valley, new zealand's hawke's bay, south africa's stellenbosch region, australia's margaret river, mclaren vale and coonawarra regions, and chile's maipo valley and colchagua. for most of the 20th century, it was the world's most widely planted premium red wine grape until it was surpassed by merlot in the 1990s. however, by 2015, cabernet sauvignon had once again become the most widely planted wine grape, with a total of 341,000 hectares (3,410 km2) under vine worldwide.despite its prominence in the industry, the grape is a relatively new variety, the product of a chance crossing between cabernet franc and sauvignon blanc during the 17th century in southwestern france. its popularity is often attributed to its ease of cultivation—the grapes have thick skins and the vines are hardy and naturally low yielding, budding late to avoid frost and resistant to viticultural hazards such as rot and insects—and to its consistent presentation of structure and flavours which express the typical character ("typicity") of the variety. familiarity has helped to sell cabernet sauvignon wines to consumers, even when from unfamiliar wine regions. its widespread popularity has also contributed to criticism of the grape as a "colonizer" that takes over wine regions at the expense of indigenous grape varieties.the classic profile of cabernet sauvignon tends to be full-bodied wines with high tannins and noticeable acidity that contributes to the wine's aging potential. in cooler climates, cabernet sauvignon tends to produce wines with blackcurrant notes that can be accompanied by green bell pepper notes, mint and cedar which will all become more pronounced as the wine ages. in more moderate climates the black currant notes are often seen with black cherry and black olive notes while in very hot climates the currant flavors can veer towards the over-ripe and "jammy" side. in parts of australia, particularly the coonawarra wine region of south australia, cabernet sauvignon wines tend to have characteristic eucalyptus or menthol notes.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cachapa

Cachapa is a traditional dish made from maize flour from venezuela. like arepas, they are popular at roadside stands. they can be made like pancakes of fresh corn dough, or wrapped in dry corn leaves and boiled (cachapa de hoja). the most common varieties are made with fresh ground corn mixed into a thick batter and cooked on a budare, like pancakes; the cachapa is slightly thicker and lumpier because of the pieces from corn kernels. cachapas are traditionally eaten with queso de mano (hand[made] cheese), a soft, mozzarella-like cheese, and occasionally with fried pork chicharrón on the side. cachapas can be very elaborate, some including different kinds of cheese, milky cream, or jam. they can be prepared as an appetizer, generally with margarine, or as a full breakfast with hand cheese and fried pork. in costa rica, chorreadas are similar.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cachitos

Cachitos are a venezuelan food similar to the croissant, and are often filled with ham and cheese.the ingredients variate according to the state and the bakery they are made from but the most common ingredients are: wheat flour, butter, eggs, room temperature milk, water, salt, yeast and a pinch of sugar.the origin of the cachitos is unsure. some associate it with the arrival of portuguese and italian bakers in the early twentieth century, while others believe that it came to existence in the kitchen of an italian baker named pietroluchi pancaldi in lusiteña, caracas in 1940. while others believe cachitos is a derivate of the venezuelan christmas dish, pan de jamon. cachitos are a staple in venezuelan cuisine. normally, they are eaten during breakfast hours, but they are also known to be eaten throughout the day. in venezuela, some bakeries have made sure that the scent of fresh cachitos are in the air by the time the country wakes up, but outside of the country it is hard to find such delicacies from the local bakery. they are usually accompanied by natural juices, coffee or malta.

Drink

Café con leche

Café con leche ('coffee with milk') is a coffee beverage common throughout spain and latin america consisting of strong coffee (usually espresso) mixed with scalded milk in approximately equal amounts. the amount of milk can be higher in a café con leche en vaso or a café con leche de desayuno. sugar or sweetener is added to taste. it is similar to the italian caffè latte and the french café au lait.

Drink

Cafe crema

Caffè crema (italian: "cream coffee") refers to two different coffee drinks: an old name for espresso (1940s and 1950s). a long espresso drink served primarily in germany, switzerland and austria and northern italy (1980s onwards), along the italian/swiss and italian/austrian border. in germany it is generally known as a "café crème" or just "kaffee" and is generally the default type of black coffee served, unless there is a filter machine.as a colorful term it generally means "espresso", while in technical discussions, referring to the long drink, it may more narrowly be referred to as swiss caffè crema. in addition, there is also italian iced crema caffè. variant terms include "crema caffè" and the hyperforeignism "café crema" – "café" is french, while "caffè" and "crema" are italian, thus "café crema" mixes french and italian.

Drink

Cafe irlandes

Spanish-style layered irish coffee, made with a bottom layer of whiskey, a middle layer of coffee and a top layer of cream, contains alcohol

Drink

Caffè macchiato

Caffè macchiato (italian pronunciation: [kafˈfɛ mmakˈkjaːto] (listen)), sometimes called espresso macchiato, is an espresso coffee drink with a small amount of milk, usually foamed. in italian, macchiato means "stained" or "spotted", so the literal translation of caffè macchiato is "stained coffee" or "marked coffee".

Drink

Caffè mocha

A caffè mocha ( or ), also called mocaccino (italian: [mokatˈtʃiːno]), is a chocolate-flavoured warm beverage that is a variant of a café latte (italian: [kafˈfɛ lˈlatte]), commonly served in a glass rather than a mug. other commonly used spellings are mochaccino and also mochachino. the name is derived from the city of mocha, yemen, which was one of the centres of early coffee trade. like latte, the name is commonly shortened to just mocha.

Drink

Caipirinha

Caipirinha (portuguese pronunciation: [kajpiˈɾĩj̃ɐ]) is brazil's national cocktail, made with cachaça (sugarcane hard liquor), sugar, and lime. the drink is prepared by mixing the fruit and the sugar together, then adding the liquor. this can be made in a single large glass to be shared among people, or in a larger jar, from which it is served in individual glasses.

Dessert, Sweet

Cajeta

Dulce de leche (spanish: [ˈdulse ðe ˈletʃe]; portuguese: doce de leite european portuguese: [ˈdosɨ dɨ ˈlɐjtɨ] brazilian portuguese: [ˈdosi dʒi ˈleitʃi]), also known as caramelized milk or milk jam in english, is a confection from latin america prepared by slowly heating sugar and milk over a period of several hours. the resulting substance, which takes on a spreadable, sauce-like consistency, derives its rich flavour and colour from non-enzymatic browning. it is typically used to top or fill other sweet foods. dulce de leche is spanish for "sweet [made] of milk". other regional names in spanish include manjar ("delicacy") and arequipe; in some mesoamerican countries dulce de leche made with goat's milk is called cajeta. in french it sometimes called confiture de lait. it is also known under the name of kajmak in polish cuisine, where it was independently created based on turkish kaymak, a kind of clotted cream. kajmak is most commonly used for wafers or the mazurek pie traditionally eaten on easter.

Dessert, Sweet

Cake pop

A cake pop is a form of cake styled as a lollipop. cake crumbs are mixed with icing or chocolate, and formed into small spheres or cubes in the same way as cake balls, before being given a coating of icing, chocolate or other decorations and attached to lollipop sticks. cake pops can be a way of using up leftover cake or cake crumbs. the cake pop increased in popularity between 2009 and 2011.

Main

Caldillo de congrio

Caldillo de perro (literally "dog soup") is a fish soup of andalusia (southern spain). the name is said to come from "el perro," the nickname of a shipboard cook in el puerto de santa maría. the main ingredients are hake, garlic, olive oil, lemons, and seville oranges. it is customarily served with sour orange juice. it is a common dish in the fishing districts.the fresh fish stock is cut into slices and seasoned with salt. the soup is traditionally cooked in a clay pot. olive oil, garlic, onions, leeks, carrots, and parsley (with mussels occasionally added) are brought to a boil and then gently simmered for approximately 30 minutes. the sliced fish is added at the end and served with sour orange juice and white bread. the soup is served hot and freshly cooked.

Main

Caldo de pata

Sopa de pata is a hearty salvadoran soup made from cow's feet, tripe, yuca (also called cassava or manioc), cabbage leaves, chayotes, sweet corn, plantains, and green beans. it may be seasoned with mexican coriander leaves and flavored to taste with lemon or chile powder.

Main

Caldo de pollo

Chicken soup is a soup made from chicken, simmered in water, usually with various other ingredients. the classic chicken soup consists of a clear chicken broth, often with pieces of chicken or vegetables; common additions are pasta, noodles, dumplings, or grains such as rice and barley. chicken soup has acquired the reputation of a folk remedy for colds and influenza, and in many countries is considered a comfort food.

Dessert, Sweet

Calzones rotos

Ripped underwear, twisted and fried pastries

Main

Camarones al ajillo

Al ajillo is a typical condiment in the cuisines of the spanish-speaking world. the likely origin, through colonization, is the spanish dish gambas al ajillo, prawns cooked in a garlic and hot paprika oil. in mexico, it combines guajillo chili peppers and ajo (garlic). in other latin american countries the dish is similar, but using other chilies, for example the aji panca or aji mirasol in peruvian cooking, dried forms of aji amarillo.

Drink

Capital

Drink

Cappuccino

A cappuccino ( (listen); italian pronunciation: [kapputˈtʃiːno]; italian plural: cappuccini) is an espresso-based coffee drink that originated in austria with later development taking place in italy, and is prepared with steamed milk foam (microfoam).variations of the drink involve the use of cream instead of milk, using non-dairy milk substitutes and flavoring with cinnamon or chocolate powder. it is typically smaller in volume than a caffè latte, with a thicker layer of microfoam.the name comes from the capuchin friars, referring to the colour of their habits, and in this context referring to the colour of the beverage when milk is added in small portion to dark, brewed coffee (today mostly espresso). the physical appearance of a modern cappuccino with espresso créma and steamed milk is a result of a long evolution of the drink. the viennese bestowed the name "kapuziner", possibly in the 18th century, on a version that included whipped cream and spices of unknown origin. the italian cappuccino was unknown outside italy until the 1930s, and seems to be born out of viennese-style cafés in trieste and other italian areas in austria-hungary through the kapuziner coffee in the early 20th century. the drink spread from trieste, the main coffee port in central europe, throughout italy, especially after world war i and later worldwide, and can be found at a number of establishments.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Carbonara sauce

A hollandaise-style sauce made with eggs, hard cheese such as pecorino romano, pancetta or guanciale, pepper, commonly served with pasta

Drink

Carménère

The carménère grape is a wine grape variety originally planted in the médoc region of bordeaux, france, where it was used to produce deep red wines and occasionally used for blending purposes in the same manner as petit verdot. a member of the cabernet family of grapes, the name "carménère" originates from the french word for crimson (carmin) which refers to the brilliant crimson colour of the autumn foliage prior to leaf-fall. the grape is also known as grande vidure, a historic bordeaux synonym, although current european union regulations prohibit imports under this name into the european union. along with cabernet sauvignon, cabernet franc, merlot, malbec and petit verdot, carménère is considered one of the original six red grapes of bordeaux.now rarely found in france, the world's largest area planted with this variety is in chile, with more than 8,800 hectares (2009) cultivated in the central valley. as such, chile produces the vast majority of carménère wines available today and as the chilean wine industry grows, more experimentation is being carried out on carménère's potential as a blending grape, especially with cabernet sauvignon. carménère is also grown in italy's eastern veneto and friuli-venezia giulia regions, in argentina, and in smaller quantities in california and walla walla (washington and oregon) in the united states.

Main

Carne mechada

Ropa vieja (spanish pronunciation: [ˈro.pa ˈβje.xa]; "old clothes") is a dish with regional variations in latin america, the philippines, and spain. it normally includes some form of stewed beef and tomatoes with a sofrito base. originating in spain, it is known today as one of the national dishes of cuba. the name ropa vieja probably originates from the fact that it was often prepared using food left over from other meals.the dish's origins appear to have first arisen among the sephardic jews of the iberian peninsula, as a slow-cooked stew that was prepared to be eaten over the course of a traditionally observed shabbat, a kind of cholent called "handrajos" (similar to the spanish word "andrajos"). eventually this dish spread to north africa and to the canary islands of spain.the dish is believed to have been brought to the americas by immigrants from the canary islands and was first reported to have been cooked in cuba in 1857, but today is well known as a cuban national dish.

Dessert, Sweet

Carrot cake

Carrot cake (also known as passion cake) is cake that contains carrots mixed into the batter. most modern carrot cake recipes have a white cream cheese frosting. sometimes nuts such as walnuts or pecans are added into the cake batter, as well as spices such as cinnamon, ginger and ground mixed spice. fruit including pineapple, raisins and shredded coconut can also be used to add a natural sweetness.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Caviar

Caviar (also known as caviare; from persian: خاویار, romanized: khâvyâr, lit. 'egg-bearing') is a food consisting of salt-cured roe of the family acipenseridae. caviar is considered a delicacy and is eaten as a garnish or a spread. traditionally, the term caviar refers only to roe from wild sturgeon in the caspian sea and black sea (beluga, ossetra and sevruga caviars). the term caviar can also describe the roe of other species of sturgeon or other fish such as salmon, steelhead, trout, lumpfish, whitefish, or carp.the roe can be "fresh" (non-pasteurized) or pasteurized, with pasteurization reducing its culinary and economic value.

Main

Cazuela

Cazuela (spanish pronunciation: [kaˈθwela] or spanish pronunciation: [kaˈswela]) is the common name given to a variety of dishes, especially from south america. it receives its name from the cazuela (spanish for cooking pot) - traditionally, an often shallow pot made of unglazed earthenware used for cooking. the ingredients and preparation vary from region to region, but it is usually a mid-thick flavoured stock obtained from cooking several kinds of meats and vegetables mixed together.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cecina

In spanish, cecina [θeˈθina] is meat that has been salted and dried by means of air, sun or smoke. the word comes from the latin siccus (dry), via vulgar latin (caro) *siccīna, "dry (meat)".

Main

Ceviche

Ceviche, also cebiche, seviche, or sebiche (spanish pronunciation: [seˈβitʃe]) is a south american seafood dish originally from what is the modern day country of peru, typically made from fresh raw fish cured in fresh citrus juices, most commonly lemon or lime. it is also spiced with ají, chili peppers or other seasonings and julienned red onions, salt, and coriander are also added. the name originates from the quechuan word siwichi, which means fresh or tender fish.because the dish is eaten raw, and not cooked with heat, it must be prepared fresh and consumed immediately to minimize the risk of food poisoning. ceviche is often eaten as an appetizer; if eaten as a main dish, it is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavors, such as sweet potato, lettuce, maize, avocado, or cooking banana.the dish is popular in the pacific coastal regions of western south america. the origin of ceviche is ancient incan which today corresponds to the modern day country of peru. the technique of macerating raw fish and meat in vinegar, citrus, and spices (escabeche) was brought to the americas from spain and is linked to the muslim heritage in spanish cuisine. however, archeological records suggest that something resembling ceviche may have been in the western south america as early as two thousand years ago. the dominant position lima held through four centuries as the capital of the viceroyalty of peru allowed for popular dishes such as ceviche to be brought to other spanish administrative provinces in the region, and in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ceviche de camaron

Shrimp ceviche

Main

Chacarero

Chacarero is a chilean sandwich made with thinly sliced churrasco-style steak, or lomito-style pork on a round roll with tomatoes, green beans and green chili pepper.it is one of the many varieties of sandwich served in chilean fuentes de soda, or schoperías, restaurants equivalent to the british concept of a greasy spoon, that serve fast food and draught beer.it was considered by time magazine as one of "the 13 most amazing sandwiches the world has to offer".

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chamoy

Chamoy is a variety of savory sauces and condiments in mexican cuisine made from pickled fruit. chamoy may range from a liquid to a paste consistency, and typically its flavor is salty, sweet, sour, and spiced with chilis.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chancaca

Chancaca is a typical peruvian, bolivian, and chilean warm, sweet sauce made of raw unrefined sugar from sugarcane. it is often flavored with orange peel and cinnamon, and is consumed on sopaipillas or picarones. chancaca is also a synonym for panela, the unrefined sugar used to make chancaca syrup.in colombia, chancacas are a traditional coconut candy.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chancho en piedra

Salsa made with tomatoes, garlic, onions, chili peppers, olive oil

Main

Chanfaina

Tripe, offal and vegetable stew

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chapalele

A chapalele is a chilean dumpling made from boiled potatoes and wheat flour. they are especially prevalent among the cuisine of chiloé.

Drink

Chaqueta

Coffee with aguapanela, a drink made from panela, which is juice extracted from unrefined sugarcane

Drink

Chardonnay

Chardonnay (uk: , us: , french: [ʃaʁdɔnɛ] (listen)) is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine. the variety originated in the burgundy wine region of eastern france, but is now grown wherever wine is produced, from england to new zealand. for new and developing wine regions, growing chardonnay is seen as a 'rite of passage' and an easy entry into the international wine market.the chardonnay grape itself is neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the wine being derived from such influences as terroir and oak. it is vinified in many different styles, from the lean, crisply mineral wines of chablis, france, to new world wines with oak and tropical fruit flavors. in cool climates (such as chablis and the carneros ava of california), chardonnay wine tends to be medium to light body with noticeable acidity and flavors of green plum, apple, and pear. in warmer locations (such as the adelaide hills and mornington peninsula in australia and gisborne and marlborough region of new zealand), the flavors become more citrus, peach, and melon, while in very warm locations (such as the central coast ava of california), more fig and tropical fruit notes such as banana and mango come out. wines that have gone through malolactic fermentation tend to have softer acidity and fruit flavors with buttery mouthfeel and hazelnut notes.chardonnay is an important component of many sparkling wines around the world, including champagne and franciacorta in italy. chardonnay's popularity peaked in the late 1980s, then gave way to a backlash among those wine connoisseurs who saw the grape as a leading negative component of the globalization of wine. nonetheless, it is one of the most widely planted grape varieties, with 210,000 hectares (520,000 acres) worldwide, second only to airén among white wine grapes and fifth among all wine grapes.

Dessert, Sweet

Charlotte Russe cake

A charlotte is a type of dessert or trifle that can be served hot or cold. it is also referred to as an "icebox cake". bread, sponge cake or biscuits/cookies are used to line a mold, which is then filled with a fruit puree or custard. it can also be made using layers of breadcrumbs. the variant charlotte russe uses a mold lined with ladyfingers and filled with bavarian cream. classically, stale bread dipped in butter was used as the lining, but sponge cake or ladyfingers may be used today. the filling may be covered with a thin layer of similarly flavoured gelatin.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Charqui

Jerky is lean trimmed meat that has been cut into strips and dried (dehydrated) to prevent spoilage. normally, this drying includes the addition of salt to prevent bacteria growth before the meat has finished the dehydrating process. the word "jerky" derives from the quechua word ch'arki which means "dried, salted meat". all that is needed to produce basic "jerky" is a low-temperature drying method, and salt to inhibit bacterial growth. modern manufactured jerky is often marinated, prepared with a seasoned spice rub or liquid, or smoked with low heat (usually under 70 °c/160 °f). store-bought jerky commonly includes sweeteners such as brown sugar. jerky is ready-to-eat, needs no additional preparation and can be stored for months without refrigeration. to ensure maximum shelf-life, a proper protein-to-moisture content is required in the final cured product.many products which are sold as jerky consist of highly processed, chopped and formed meat rather than traditional sliced whole-muscle meat. these products may contain more fat, but moisture content, as in the whole-muscle product, must meet a 0.75 to 1 moisture-to protein ratio in the us. chemical preservatives can prevent oxidative spoilage, but the moisture-to-protein ratio prevents microbial spoilage by low water activity. some jerky products are very high in sugar and therefore taste very sweet – unlike biltong, which rarely contains added sugars.

Main

Charquican

Charquicán is the dry meat popular in the incas times used in different dishes around the andean region. charquican in chile is a popularstew . a similar dish eaten in northwest argentina is called charquisillo, a dish made with ch’arki and rice. chilean charquicán is made with charqui or beef, potatoes, pumpkin, white corn, onion and sometimes peas and corn. it was originally made from dried and salted llama meat or beef. the modern chilean version of charquicán is made with minced beef and topped with a fried egg. in peru, fish charqui is used, usually guitarra fish. it is typically consumed during easter. the fish stew is combined with dice potatoes, served with a side of white rice and sometimes chickpeas.

Breakfast

Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. it comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. during production, milk is usually acidified and the enzymes of either rennet or bacterial enzymes with similar activity are added to cause the casein to coagulate. the solid curds are then separated from the liquid whey and pressed into finished cheese. some cheeses have aromatic molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout. over a thousand types of cheese exist and are produced in various countries. their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and how long they have been aged for. herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents. the yellow to red color of many cheeses is produced by adding annatto. other ingredients may be added to some cheeses, such as black pepper, garlic, chives or cranberries. a cheesemonger, or specialist seller of cheeses, may have expertise with selecting the cheeses, purchasing, receiving, storing and ripening them.for a few cheeses, the milk is curdled by adding acids such as vinegar or lemon juice. most cheeses are acidified to a lesser degree by bacteria, which turn milk sugars into lactic acid, then the addition of rennet completes the curdling. vegetarian alternatives to rennet are available; most are produced by fermentation of the fungus mucor miehei, but others have been extracted from various species of the cynara thistle family. non-vegetarian cheese has a high carbon footprint. cheesemakers near a dairy region may benefit from fresher, lower-priced milk, and lower shipping costs. cheese is valued for its portability, long shelf life, and high content of fat, protein, calcium, and phosphorus. cheese is more compact and has a longer shelf life than milk, although how long a cheese will keep depends on the type of cheese. hard cheeses, such as parmesan, last longer than soft cheeses, such as brie or goat's milk cheese. the long storage life of some cheeses, especially when encased in a protective rind, allows selling when markets are favorable. vacuum packaging of block-shaped cheeses and gas-flushing of plastic bags with mixtures of carbon dioxide and nitrogen are used for storage and mass distribution of cheeses in the 21st century.