Drink

Amarula

Amarula is a cream liqueur from south africa. it is made with sugar, cream and the fruit of the african marula tree (sclerocarya birrea) which is also locally called the elephant tree or the marriage tree. it has an alcohol content of 17% by volume (30° proof). it has had some success at international spirit ratings competitions, winning a gold medal at the 2006 san francisco world spirits competition.

Main

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Biltong

Biltong is a form of dried, cured meat that originated in southern african countries (south africa, zimbabwe, malawi, namibia, botswana and zambia). various types of meat are used to produce it, ranging from beef to game meats such as ostrich or kudu. the cut may also vary, either fillets of meat cut into strips following the grain of the muscle, or flat pieces sliced across the grain. it is related to beef jerky in that they are both spiced, dried meats; however, the typical ingredients, taste and production processes may differ. the word biltong is from the dutch bil ("buttock") and tong ("strip" or "tongue").

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Boerewors

Boerewors, (pronounced [ˈbuːrəˌvɔrs]) is a type of sausage which originated in south africa. it is an important part of south african, zimbabwean, botswana and namibian cuisine and is popular across southern africa. the name is derived from the afrikaans words boer ("farmer") and wors ("sausage"). according to south african government regulation, boerewors must contain at least 90 percent meat, and always contain beef, as well as lamb, pork, or a mixture of lamb and pork. the other 10% is made up of spices and other ingredients. not more than 30% of the meat content may be fat. boerewors may not contain offal or any "mechanically recovered" meat pulp (as recovered through a process where meat and bone are mechanically separated).

Drink

Bohlingers

Breakfast

Bota

Porridge with peanut butter (bota une dovi), sour milk, butter, jam

Main

Braai

Barbecue varies by the type of meat, sauce, rub, or other flavorings used, the point in barbecuing at which they are added, the role smoke plays, the equipment and fuel used, cooking temperature, and cooking time. the meat may be whole, ground (for hamburgers), or processed into sausage or kebabs. the meat may be marinated or rubbed with spices before cooking, basted with a sauce or oil before, during or after cooking, or any combination of these.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Breakfast

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Main

Bream

Bream ( (listen) ) are species of freshwater and marine fish belonging to a variety of genera including abramis (e.g., a. brama, the common bream), acanthopagrus, argyrops, blicca, brama, chilotilapia, etelis, lepomis, gymnocranius, lethrinus, nemipterus, pharyngochromis, rhabdosargus, scolopsis, or serranochromis. although species from all of these genera are called "bream", the term does not imply a degree of relatedness between them. fish termed "bream" tend to be narrow, deep-bodied species. the name is a derivation of the middle english word breme, of old french origin. the term sea bream is sometimes used for gilt-head bream (sparus aurata), (orata in italy, dorada in spain) or porgies (both family sparidae) or pomfrets (family bramidae) .

Main

Bunny chow

Bunny chow, often referred to simply as a bunny, is a south african fast food dish consisting of a hollowed-out loaf of white bread filled with curry. it originated among indian south africans of durban. throughout various south african communities one can find different versions of the bunny chow, which uses only a quarter loaf of bread and depending on which part of the country you are in, is sometimes called a scambane, kota ("quarter") or shibobo; it is a name that it shares with sphatlho, a south african dish that evolved from the bunny chow.

Drink

Carling Black Label

Black label is a brand of lager distributed by carling brewing company. in several countries, it is also known as carling black label, and in sweden, it is known as carling premier. in the united kingdom it is now known as just carling.

Drink

Castle beer

Sabmiller was one of the top five global brewing companies, and had a range of over 150 beers, including international beers such as pilsner urquell, and miller genuine draft, and local ones such as gambrinus and castle milk stout.the company was acquired by anheuser-busch inbev in october 2016 and sold off its interest in millercoors to molson coors as required by regulators in the u.s. the new company, anheuser-busch inbev sa/nv, is trading on the brussels stock exchange as abi.br and as bud on the new york stock exchange.after the merger between anheuser busch inbev and sabmiller, the new anheuser-busch inbev sa/nv company owns over 200 beer brands including budweiser and bud light, corona, stella artois, beck's, leffe, hoegaarden, skol, brahma, antarctica, quilmes, victoria, modelo especial, michelob ultra, harbin, sedrin, klinskoye, sibirskaya korona, chernigivske, cass and jupiler. anheuser-busch inbev sa/nv also owns a soft drinks business that has bottling contracts with pepsico through its subsidiary, ambev. in december 2016, coca-cola co. bought many of the former sabmiller's coca-cola operations.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chakalaka

Chakalaka is a south african vegetable relish, usually spicy, that is traditionally served with bread, pap, samp, stews, or curries. chakalaka may have originated in the townships of johannesburg or on the gold mines surrounding johannesburg, when mozambican mineworkers coming off shift cooked tinned produce (tomatoes, beans) with chili to produce a spicy portuguese-style relish to accompany pap. many variations of chakalaka exist, depending on region and family tradition. some versions include beans, cabbage and butternut. for example, canned baked beans, canned tomatoes, onion, garlic, and curry paste can be used to make the dish.it is one of south africa’s most popular salads, frequently served at a braai (barbecue) or with sunday lunch. it can be served cold or at room temperature.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chibage

Maize ( mayz; zea mays subsp. mays, from spanish: maíz after taino: mahiz), also known as corn (north american and australian english), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern mexico about 10,000 years ago. the leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits.maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. in addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and corn syrup. the six major types of maize are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn. sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn are usually grown for human consumption as kernels, while field corn varieties are used for animal feed, various corn-based human food uses (including grinding into cornmeal or masa, pressing into corn oil, fermentation and distillation into alcoholic beverages like bourbon whiskey), and as feedstocks for the chemical industry. maize is also used in making ethanol and other biofuels. maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. in 2014, total world production was 1.04 billion tonnes. maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states alone in 2014. genetically modified maize made up 85% of the maize planted in the united states in 2009. subsidies in the united states help to account for its high level of cultivation of maize and its position as the largest producer in the world.

Drink

Chibuku

Chibuku is a commercial sorghum beer based on the traditional umqombothi home made african beers, the main grains used are malted sorghum and maize but may also contain millet.

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Main

Chicken gizzard

The gizzard, also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium, is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (pterosaurs, crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans. this specialized stomach constructed of thick muscular walls is used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit. in certain insects and molluscs, the gizzard features chitinous plates or teeth.

Main

Chicken stew

Chicken soup is a soup made from chicken, simmered in water, usually with various other ingredients. the classic chicken soup consists of a clear chicken broth, often with pieces of chicken or vegetables; common additions are pasta, noodles, dumplings, or grains such as rice and barley. chicken soup has acquired the reputation of a folk remedy for colds and influenza, and in many countries is considered a comfort food.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chips

French fries (north american english), chips (british english), finger chips (indian english), french-fried potatoes, or simply fries, are batonnet or allumette-cut deep-fried potatoes, disputed origin from belgium and france. they are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them, usually in a deep fryer. pre-cut, blanched, and frozen russet potatoes are widely used, and sometimes baked in a regular or convection oven; air fryers are small convection ovens marketed for frying potatoes. french fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. they are often salted and may be served with ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other local specialities. fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine or chili cheese fries. french fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes. a baked variant, oven fries, uses less or no oil.

Main

Crocodile

Crocodiles (family crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in africa, asia, the americas and australia. the term crocodile is sometimes used even more loosely to include all extant members of the order crocodilia, which includes the alligators and caimans (family alligatoridae), the gharial and false gharial (family gavialidae) among other extinct taxa. although they appear similar, crocodiles, alligators and the gharial belong to separate biological families. the gharial, with its narrow snout, is easier to distinguish, while morphological differences are more difficult to spot in crocodiles and alligators. the most obvious external differences are visible in the head, with crocodiles having narrower and longer heads, with a more v-shaped than a u-shaped snout compared to alligators and caimans. another obvious trait is that the upper and lower jaws of the crocodiles are the same width, and the teeth in the lower jaw fall along the edge or outside the upper jaw when the mouth is closed; therefore, all teeth are visible, unlike an alligator, which possesses in the upper jaw small depressions into which the lower teeth fit. also, when the crocodile's mouth is closed, the large fourth tooth in the lower jaw fits into a constriction in the upper jaw. for hard-to-distinguish specimens, the protruding tooth is the most reliable feature to define the species' family. crocodiles have more webbing on the toes of the hind feet and can better tolerate saltwater due to specialized salt glands for filtering out salt, which are present, but non-functioning, in alligators. another trait that separates crocodiles from other crocodilians is their much higher levels of aggression.crocodile size, morphology, behaviour and ecology differ somewhat among species. however, they have many similarities in these areas as well. all crocodiles are semiaquatic and tend to congregate in freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and sometimes in brackish water and saltwater. they are carnivorous animals, feeding mostly on vertebrates such as fish, reptiles, birds and mammals, and sometimes on invertebrates such as molluscs and crustaceans, depending on species and age. all crocodiles are tropical species that, unlike alligators, are very sensitive to cold. they separated from other crocodilians during the eocene epoch, about 55 million years ago. many species are at the risk of extinction, some being classified as critically endangered.

Dessert, Sweet

Crunchies

Oatmeal and coconut bars, serve with tea or coffee

Main

Delele

Delele is a zimbabwean, zambian, north-eastern botswana and northern south african dish made from a local plant of the same name, and often eaten with sadza or phaletšhe or vhuswa. the english word for delele is okra. okra is also referred to as "derere". it is prepared with baking soda and well known for its slimy texture. delele can be dried before cooking, but more frequently it is cooked fresh.the vha-venda people of south africa cook the leaves of corchorus olitorius in a similar manner. the dish goes well with vhuswa (pap or maize meal).

Main

Dovi

Peanut sauce or stew with greens, vegetables, meat

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Dried fruit

Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium bc in mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value, and long shelf life. today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. these are referred to as "conventional" or "traditional" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit. dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. the specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.

Drink

Eagle

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Eggs

Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, a few mammals, and fish, and many of these have been eaten by humans for thousands of years. bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. the most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs. other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail also are eaten. fish eggs are called roe and caviar. egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery. due to their protein content, the united states department of agriculture formerly categorized eggs as meats within the food guide pyramid (now myplate). despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues arising from cholesterol content, salmonella contamination, and allergy to egg proteins. chickens and other egg-laying creatures are kept widely throughout the world and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. in 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. there are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. in 2012, the european union banned battery husbandry of chickens.

Main

Emahewu

Thick beverage made from fermented maize porridge, may be flavored with fruit

Drink

Emahewu

Thick beverage made from fermented maize porridge, may be flavored with fruit

Main

Fish

Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. fish has been an important dietary source of protein and other nutrients throughout human history. the english language does not have a special culinary name for food prepared from fish like with other animals (as with pig vs. pork), or as in other languages (such as spanish pescado vs. pez). in culinary and fishery contexts, fish may include so-called shellfish such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms; more expansively, seafood covers both fish and other marine life used as food.since 1961, the average annual increase in global apparent food fish consumption (3.2 percent) has outpaced population growth (1.6 percent) and exceeded consumption of meat from all terrestrial animals, combined (2.8 percent) and individually (bovine, ovine, porcine, etc.), except poultry (4.9 percent). in per capita terms, food fish consumption has grown from 9.0 kg (19.8 lb) in 1961 to 20.2 kg (45 lb) in 2015, at an average rate of about 1.5 percent per year. the expansion in consumption has been driven not only by increased production, but also by a combination of many other factors, including reduced wastage, better utilization, improved distribution channels and growing consumer demand, linked with population growth, rising disposable incomes and urbanization.europe, japan and the united states of america together accounted for 47 percent of the world's total food fish consumption in 1961, but only about 20 percent in 2015. of the global total of 149 million tonnes in 2015, asia consumed more than two-thirds (106 million tonnes at 24.0 kg per capita). oceania and africa consumed the lowest share. the shift is the result of structural changes in the sector and in particular the growing role of asian countries in fish production, as well as a significant gap between the economic growth rates of the world's more mature fish markets and those of many increasingly important emerging markets around the world, particularly in asia.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

Baobas, horned melon, gaka, hacha, hute, magaka, mapfura, masawu, matamba, matohwe, mawuyu, mazhanje (mashuku, loquats), nhengeni, papaya, rusika (tamarind), sugar plum, tsubvu

Main

Gango

Stir fried meat and vegetables, made with beef, chicken, goat, mutton, pork, serve with sadza

Main

Goat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (capra aegagrus hircus). the common name for goat meat is simply "goat", though meat from adult goats is referred to as chevon, while that from young goats can be called capretto (it.), cabrito (sp. and por.) or kid. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, mutton commonly means goat meat. in south asia, where mutton curry is popular, "mutton" is used for both goat and lamb meat. the culinary name "chevon", a blend of chèvre 'goat' and mouton 'sheep', was coined in 1922 and selected by a trade association; it was adopted by the united states department of agriculture in 1928.: 19  according to market research, consumers in the united states prefer "chevon" to "goat" "cabrito", a word of spanish and portuguese origin, refers specifically to the meat of a young, milk-fed goat. it is also known as chivo.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Groundnut

The peanut (arachis hypogaea) also known as the groundnut, goober (us), pindar (us) or monkey nut (uk), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. it is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. it is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. world annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by china with 38% of the world total. atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. with this characteristic in mind, the botanist carl linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth". the peanut belongs to the botanical family fabaceae (or leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. the capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in western cuisines. the botanical definition of a nut is "a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity". using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut. however, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common english more generally.

Main

Haifiridzi

Stewed minced pork or beef with greens and vegetables, commonly made into a sandwich

Main

Huku yepamusha

Free-range chickens

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ishwa

Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder isoptera, or alternatively as epifamily termitoidae, within the order blattodea (along with cockroaches). termites were once classified in a separate order from cockroaches, but recent phylogenetic studies indicate that they evolved from cockroaches, as they are deeply nested within the group, and the sister group to wood eating cockroaches of the genus cryptocercus. previous estimates suggested the divergence took place during the jurassic or triassic. more recent estimates suggest that they have an origin during the late jurassic, with the first fossil records in the early cretaceous. about 3,106 species are currently described, with a few hundred more left to be described. although these insects are often called "white ants", they are not ants, and are not closely related to ants. like ants and some bees and wasps from the separate order hymenoptera, termites divide as "workers" and "soldiers" that are usually sterile. all colonies have fertile males called "kings" and one or more fertile females called "queens". termites mostly feed on dead plant material and cellulose, generally in the form of wood, leaf litter, soil, or animal dung. termites are major detritivores, particularly in the subtropical and tropical regions, and their recycling of wood and plant matter is of considerable ecological importance. termites are among the most successful groups of insects on earth, colonising most landmasses except antarctica. their colonies range in size from a few hundred individuals to enormous societies with several million individuals. termite queens have the longest known lifespan of any insect, with some queens reportedly living up to 30 to 50 years. unlike ants, which undergo a complete metamorphosis, each individual termite goes through an incomplete metamorphosis that proceeds through egg, nymph, and adult stages. colonies are described as superorganisms because the termites form part of a self-regulating entity: the colony itself.termites are a delicacy in the diet of some human cultures and are used in many traditional medicines. several hundred species are economically significant as pests that can cause serious damage to buildings, crops, or plantation forests. some species, such as the west indian drywood termite (cryptotermes brevis), are regarded as invasive species.

Main

Jollof rice

Jollof (), or jollof rice, is a rice dish from west africa. the dish is typically made with long-grain rice, tomatoes, onions, spices, vegetables and meat in a single pot, although its ingredients and preparation methods vary across different regions.

Drink

Kachasu

Kachasu, also known as lutuku, is an african traditional distilled beverage. it is made in zambia, zimbabwe, dr congo and malawi, mainly in rural parts and poor urban suburbs. it is normally brewed from maize, though finger millet and various fruits like banana peels can also be used. the process involves adding brewers' yeast together with the carbohydrate sources such as maize husks to warm water and heating the mixture for a few minutes. the product is then distilled after it has fully fermented. the alcohol content of kachasu can vary significantly, depending on the strength of the brew. studies have found an alcohol content ranging from 20 to 30% up to as high as 70%.

Main

Kapenta

The tanganyika sardine is known as kapenta or matemba in zambia, malawi and zimbabwe (a related but different fish known as dagaa or ndaga is rastrineobola argentea). kapenta is two species (lake tanganyika sardine, limnothrissa miodon and lake tanganyika sprat, stolothrissa tanganicae), both of which are small, planktivorous, pelagic, freshwater clupeid originating from lake tanganyika in zambia. they form the major biomass of pelagic fish in lake tanganyika and lake malawi, swimming in large schools in the open lake, feeding on copepods and potentially jellyfish. their major predators are four species of lates which are also endemic to lake tanganyika, and are related to (but not the same as) the nile perch in lake victoria. all of these pelagic fish have suffered from overfishing in the last two decades. limnothrissa miodon has been successfully introduced in both natural and artificial african lakes. large kapenta fisheries now take place in the lake kariba (zambia/zimbabwe) and cahora bassa (mozambique). limnothrissa miodon is usually around 10 cm long, its maximum length is 17 cm. stolothrissa tanganicae is smaller at 7 cm (maximum 10 cm).

Main

Kudu

The kudus are two species of antelope of the genus tragelaphus: lesser kudu, tragelaphus imberbis, of eastern africa greater kudu, tragelaphus strepsiceros, of eastern and southern africathe two species of the kudus look quite similar, though greaters are larger than the lesser kudu. a large adult male greater kudu stands over 5 ft. tall at the shoulder, and a large male lesser kudu stand about 4 ft. tall. both species have long horns, which point upward and slightly back, and curl in a corkscrew shape.

Drink

Lion

Dessert, Sweet

Magwinya

Sweet fried dough, doughnut

Drink

Maheu

Cornmeal sadza drink, may be allowed to ferment into an alcoholic drink

Main

Mala mogodu

Mogodu is a southern african food. mogodu is a combination of chopped serobe (tripe) and mala (intestines) served as a stew often with hot pap or dumpling. mala (in setswana/sotho) is the insides, usually of a mammal such as a cow or sheep.

Dessert, Sweet

Malva pudding

Malva pudding is a sweet pudding of south african origin. it contains apricot jam and has a spongy caramelised texture. a cream sauce is often poured over it while it is hot, and it is usually served hot with custard and/or ice-cream. many south african restaurants offer it. the pudding is thought to originally be of dutch then cape dutch origin synonymous with the cape.the pudding gained popularity on the west coast of the us after oprah winfrey's personal chef, art smith, served it for christmas dinner in 2006 to the pupils of the oprah winfrey leadership academy for girls in south africa.there are various theories on the origin of the name. the oxford english dictionary says it comes from afrikaans malvalekker, meaning "marshmallow" (ultimately from latin malva, a mallow). this may arise from a resemblance between the pudding's texture and that of a marshmallow or a similar afrikaner sweet, the malvelekker, made with the extract of marsh mallow. malva is also afrikaans for geranium (in the broad sense, including pelargonium). another botanical theory is that the batter was originally flavoured with the leaves of the lemon- or the rose-scented geranium, varieties of south african native plants. art smith said that according to colin cowie, his hospitality ambassador in south africa, the pudding was named after a woman called malva. another theory is that the sauce originally contained malvasia (malmsey) wine. proponents of this theory include brandy or sherry in the sauce. still others suggest that the pudding was originally accompanied by malvasia wine.jan ellis pudding is a variant.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Manhanga

A pumpkin is a cultivar of winter squash that is round with smooth, slightly ribbed skin, and is most often deep yellow to orange in coloration. the thick shell contains the seeds and pulp. the name is most commonly used for cultivars of cucurbita pepo, but some cultivars of cucurbita maxima, c. argyrosperma, and c. moschata with similar appearance are also sometimes called "pumpkins".native to north america (northeastern mexico and the southern united states), pumpkins are one of the oldest domesticated plants, having been used as early as 7,000 to 5,500 bc. pumpkins are widely grown for food, as well as for aesthetic and recreational purposes. pumpkin pie, for instance, is a traditional part of thanksgiving meals in canada and the united states, and pumpkins are frequently carved as jack-o'-lanterns for decoration around halloween, although commercially canned pumpkin purée and pumpkin pie fillings are usually made from varieties of winter squash different from the ones used for jack-o'-lanterns.

Main

Mapfunde

Sorghum porridge

Dessert, Sweet

Mapopo candy

Cooked papaya, coated with sugar

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Maputi

Roasted corn kernels

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mashed potatoes

Mashed potato, mashed potatoes (american and canadian english) or mashed taters, colloquially known as mash (british english), is a dish made by mashing boiled potatoes, usually with added milk, butter, salt and pepper. it is generally served as a side dish to meat or vegetables. when the potatoes are only roughly mashed, they are sometimes called smashed potatoes. dehydrated instant mashed potatoes and frozen mashed potatoes are available. mashed potatoes are an ingredient in other dishes, such as dumplings and gnocchi.

Main

Matumbo

Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals. most tripe is from cattle, pigs and sheep.

Drink

Mazoe

Orange fruit drink

Main

Mazondo

Cow's trotters are the feet of cattle. the cuts are used in various dishes around the world, especially in asian, african, french, and the caribbean cuisine. latin american cuisine also uses cow's trotters for several traditional dishes. other than cattle, the trotters of other ungulates such as goat, sheep and pig might also be consumed and used in certain dish of some cuisines' tradition.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mbambaira

The sweet potato or sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, convolvulaceae. its large, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a root vegetable. the young shoots and leaves are sometimes eaten as greens. cultivars of the sweet potato have been bred to bear tubers with flesh and skin of various colors. sweet potato is only distantly related to the common potato (solanum tuberosum), both being in the order solanales. although darker sweet potatoes are often referred to as "yams" in parts of north america, the species is not a true yam, which are monocots in the order dioscoreales.sweet potato is native to the tropical regions of the americas. of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of convolvulaceae, i. batatas is the only crop plant of major importance—some others are used locally (e.g., i. aquatica "kangkong"), but many are poisonous. the genus ipomoea that contains the sweet potato also includes several garden flowers called morning glories, though that term is not usually extended to i. batatas. some cultivars of i. batatas are grown as ornamental plants under the name tuberous morning glory, and used in a horticultural context.

Dessert, Sweet

Mbatata

Sweet potato cookies

Main

Mealie

Ugali, or sima, is a type of stiff maize flour porridge made in africa. it is also known as vuswa, bogobe, fufu, gauli, gima, isitshwala, kimnyet, kuon, mieliepap, ngima, nshima, obokima, ovuchima, (o)busuma, oshifima, oruhere, pap, phutu, posho, sadza, ubugali, and umutsima, among other names. sima is sometimes made from other flours, such as millet or sorghum flour, and is sometimes mixed with cassava flour. it is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. in 2017, the dish was added to the unesco representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, one of a few foods in the list.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mealies

Corn on the cob is a culinary term for a cooked ear of sweet corn (maize) eaten directly off the cob. the ear is picked while the endosperm is in the "milk stage" so that the kernels are still tender. ears of corn are steamed, boiled, or grilled usually without their green husks, or roasted with them. the husk leaves are removed before serving. corn on the cob is normally eaten while still warm. it is often seasoned with salt and butter. some diners use specialized skewers, thrust into the ends of the cob, to hold the ear while eating without touching the hot and sticky kernels. after being picked, the corn's sugar converts into starch: it takes only one day for it to lose up to 25% of its sweetness, so it is ideally cooked on the same day as it is harvested.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Meat pie

A meat pie is a pie with a filling of meat and often other savory ingredients. they are found in cuisines worldwide. meat pies are usually baked, fried, or deep fried to brown them and develop the flavour through the maillard reaction. many varieties have a flaky crust.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mopane worms

Gonimbrasia belina is a species of emperor moth which is native to the warmer parts of southern africa. its large edible caterpillar, known as the mopane worm, madora, amacimbi or masontja, feeds primarily but not exclusively on mopane tree leaves. mopane worms are an important source of protein for many in the region. the species was first described by john o. westwood in 1849.

Drink

Mosi lager

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Muboora

Pumpkin leaves, commonly stewed

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mufushwa

Dried leafy greens

Drink

Mukoma

Hyphaene compressa, also known as the east african doum palm, is a palm tree in the genus hyphaene. it is a tree known for its unique branching, unlike most palms which are not branched. this palm tree is very abundant in eastern africa and is a vital socioeconomic resource to the rural pastoralist and agro-pastoralists there.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mupotohayi

Cornbread

Main

Mupunga unedovi

Peanut butter rice

Main

Muriwo

Leafy vegetable greens

Main

Muriwo na nyama

Stewed greens and beef

Main

Muriwo unedovi

Greens in peanut sauce

Main

Mutakura

Stewed beans, corn, bambara nuts (nyimo), cow peas, sugar beans, hominy, sorghum, black-eyed peas

Main

Mutton

Lamb, hogget, and mutton, generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep, ovis aries. a sheep in its first year is a lamb and its meat is also lamb. the meat from sheep in their second year is hogget. older sheep meat is mutton. generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside norway, new zealand, south africa and australia. hogget has become more common in england, particularly in the north (lancashire and yorkshire) often in association with rare breed and organic farming. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, "mutton" often means goat meat. at various times and places, "mutton" or "goat mutton" has occasionally been used to mean goat meat.lamb is the most expensive of the three types and in recent decades sheep meat is increasingly only retailed as "lamb", sometimes stretching the accepted distinctions given above. the stronger-tasting mutton is now hard to find in many areas, despite the efforts of the mutton renaissance campaign in the uk. in australia, the term prime lamb is often used to refer to lambs raised for meat. other languages, for example french, spanish, italian and arabic, make similar or even more detailed distinctions among sheep meats by age and sometimes by sex and diet—for example, lechazo in spanish refers to meat from milk-fed (unweaned) lambs.

Main

Nhedzi

Stewed wild mushrooms

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nhopi

Mashed pumpkin, serve with peanut butter, milk

Main

Nyama

Meat, many ways to prepare, for example, stewed, grilled, stir fried

Main

Nyemba

The black-eyed pea or black-eyed bean is a legume grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean. it is a subspecies of the cowpea, an old world plant domesticated in africa, and is sometimes simply called a cowpea. the common commercial variety is called the california blackeye; it is pale-colored with a prominent black spot. the american south has countless varieties, many of them heirloom, that vary in size from the small lady peas to very large ones. the color of the eye may be black, brown, red, pink, or green. all the peas are green when freshly shelled and brown or buff when dried. a popular variation of the black-eyed pea is the purple hull pea or mud-in-your-eye pea; it is usually green with a prominent purple or pink spot. the currently accepted botanical name for the black-eyed pea is vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata, although previously it was classified in the genus phaseolus. vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana is the wild relative and vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis is the related asparagus bean. other beans of somewhat similar appearance, such as the frijol ojo de cabra (goat's-eye bean) of northern mexico, are sometimes incorrectly called black-eyed peas, and vice versa.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nyemba

The black-eyed pea or black-eyed bean is a legume grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean. it is a subspecies of the cowpea, an old world plant domesticated in africa, and is sometimes simply called a cowpea. the common commercial variety is called the california blackeye; it is pale-colored with a prominent black spot. the american south has countless varieties, many of them heirloom, that vary in size from the small lady peas to very large ones. the color of the eye may be black, brown, red, pink, or green. all the peas are green when freshly shelled and brown or buff when dried. a popular variation of the black-eyed pea is the purple hull pea or mud-in-your-eye pea; it is usually green with a prominent purple or pink spot. the currently accepted botanical name for the black-eyed pea is vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata, although previously it was classified in the genus phaseolus. vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana is the wild relative and vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis is the related asparagus bean. other beans of somewhat similar appearance, such as the frijol ojo de cabra (goat's-eye bean) of northern mexico, are sometimes incorrectly called black-eyed peas, and vice versa.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nyevhe

Spider flower leaves

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nyimo

Bambara groundnuts

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nzungu

The peanut (arachis hypogaea) also known as the groundnut, goober (us), pindar (us) or monkey nut (uk), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. it is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. it is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. world annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by china with 38% of the world total. atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. with this characteristic in mind, the botanist carl linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth". the peanut belongs to the botanical family fabaceae (or leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. the capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in western cuisines. the botanical definition of a nut is "a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity". using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut. however, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common english more generally.

Main

Ostrich

Ostriches are large flightless birds of the genus struthio in the order struthioniformes, part of the infra-class palaeognathae, a diverse group of flightless birds also known as ratites that includes the emus, rheas, and kiwis. there are two living species of ostrich: the common ostrich and the somali ostrich. they are native to africa and lay the largest eggs of any living land animal. with the ability to run at 70 km/h (43.5 mph), they are the fastest birds on land. they are farmed worldwide, particularly for their feathers as they are used as decoration and feather dusters. their skin is also used for leather products. ostriches are notable for being the heaviest living birds.

Main

Oxen

An ox (pl: oxen, ), also known as a bullock (in bre, ause, and inde), is a male bovine trained and used as a draft animal. oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle; castration inhibits testosterone and aggression, which makes the males docile and safer to work with. cows (adult females) or bulls (intact males) may also be used in some areas. oxen are used for plowing, for transport (pulling carts, hauling wagons and even riding), for threshing grain by trampling, and for powering machines that grind grain or supply irrigation among other purposes. oxen may be also used to skid logs in forests, particularly in low-impact, select-cut logging. oxen are usually yoked in pairs. light work such as carting household items on good roads might require just one pair, while for heavier work, further pairs would be added as necessary. a team used for a heavy load over difficult ground might exceed nine or ten pairs.

Main

Oxtail stew

Oxtail soup is a soup made with beef tails. the use of the word "ox" in this context is a legacy of nomenclature; no specialized stock of beef animals are used and tails may come from bovines other than oxen. it is believed by some that oxtail soup was invented in spitalfields in london in the seventeenth century by french huguenot and flemish immigrants, from the tails of animals. different versions of oxtail soup exist: korean; chinese; a fried/barbecued oxtail combined with soup variation which is a popular dish in indonesia where it is called as sop buntut; an ethnic dish of the american south which traces its lineage back to the pre-revolutionary war era; and a thick, rich, gravy-like soup popular in the united kingdom since the 18th century. creole oxtail soup is made from a tomato base with oxtails, potatoes, green beans, corn, mirepoix, garlic, and herbs and spices.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pasta

Pasta (us: , uk: ; italian pronunciation: [ˈpasta]) is a type of food typically made from an unleavened dough of wheat flour mixed with water or eggs, and formed into sheets or other shapes, then cooked by boiling or baking. rice flour, or legumes such as beans or lentils, are sometimes used in place of wheat flour to yield a different taste and texture, or as a gluten-free alternative. pasta is a staple food of italian cuisine.pastas are divided into two broad categories: dried (pasta secca) and fresh (pasta fresca). most dried pasta is produced commercially via an extrusion process, although it can be produced at home. fresh pasta is traditionally produced by hand, sometimes with the aid of simple machines. fresh pastas available in grocery stores are produced commercially by large-scale machines. both dried and fresh pastas come in a number of shapes and varieties, with 310 specific forms known by over 1,300 documented names. in italy, the names of specific pasta shapes or types often vary by locale. for example, the pasta form cavatelli is known by 28 different names depending upon the town and region. common forms of pasta include long and short shapes, tubes, flat shapes or sheets, miniature shapes for soup, those meant to be filled or stuffed, and specialty or decorative shapes.as a category in italian cuisine, both fresh and dried pastas are classically used in one of three kinds of prepared dishes: as pasta asciutta (or pastasciutta), cooked pasta is plated and served with a complementary sauce or condiment; a second classification of pasta dishes is pasta in brodo, in which the pasta is part of a soup-type dish. a third category is pasta al forno, in which the pasta is incorporated into a dish that is subsequently baked in the oven. pasta dishes are generally simple, but individual dishes vary in preparation. some pasta dishes are served as a small first course or for light lunches, such as pasta salads. other dishes may be portioned larger and used for dinner. pasta sauces similarly may vary in taste, color and texture.in terms of nutrition, cooked plain pasta is 31% carbohydrates (mostly starch), 6% protein, and low in fat, with moderate amounts of manganese, but pasta generally has low micronutrient content. pasta may be enriched or fortified, or made from whole grains.

Main

Peanut sauce

Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also called as maafe (wolof, mafé, maffé, maffe), sauce d'arachide (french), tigadèguèna or domoda, is a stew that is a staple food in western africa. it originates from the mandinka and bambara people of mali.the proper name for it in the mandinka language is domodah or tigadegena (lit. 'peanut butter sauce,' where tige is 'peanut,' dege is 'paste,' and na is 'sauce') in bamanankan.domodah is also used by gambians, having been borrowed from the mandinka language. in senegal domodah or domoda referts to flour-thickened soup or stew, which is different from mafe that uses peanut paste. it is a favorite dish among several senegal and gambia ethnic groups. with the huge expansion of groundnut cultivation during the colonial period, maafe has also become a popular dish across west africa, even outside west africa such as in cameroon and france. variants of the dish appear in the cuisine of nations throughout west africa and central africa. it is very similar to groundnut soup. it may have a thicker consistency. made from lamb, beef, chicken, or without meat, maafe is cooked with a sauce based on groundnuts, especially peanut butter/paste, and tomatoes. in ghana, groundnut stew is often accompanied with fufu.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Polony

A bologna-like pork, beef and/or chicken sausage, this processed meat sausage is different from chikanda, also called african polony, which is a vegetarian loaf made from orchid tubers, peanuts, chilies and baking soda

Main

Pork

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). it is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 bc.pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. ham, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork. charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. pork is the most popular meat in the western world, particularly in central europe. it is also very popular in east and southeast asia (mainland southeast asia, philippines, singapore, east timor, and malaysia). the meat is highly prized in asian cuisines, especially in mainland china, for its fat content and texture. some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably islam and judaism.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rice salad

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Roasted grains

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Roasted nuts

Main

Sadza

Ugali, or sima, is a type of stiff maize flour porridge made in africa. it is also known as vuswa, bogobe, fufu, gauli, gima, isitshwala, kimnyet, kuon, mieliepap, ngima, nshima, obokima, ovuchima, (o)busuma, oshifima, oruhere, pap, phutu, posho, sadza, ubugali, and umutsima, among other names. sima is sometimes made from other flours, such as millet or sorghum flour, and is sometimes mixed with cassava flour. it is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. in 2017, the dish was added to the unesco representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, one of a few foods in the list.

Breakfast

Sadza

Ugali, or sima, is a type of stiff maize flour porridge made in africa. it is also known as vuswa, bogobe, fufu, gauli, gima, isitshwala, kimnyet, kuon, mieliepap, ngima, nshima, obokima, ovuchima, (o)busuma, oshifima, oruhere, pap, phutu, posho, sadza, ubugali, and umutsima, among other names. sima is sometimes made from other flours, such as millet or sorghum flour, and is sometimes mixed with cassava flour. it is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. in 2017, the dish was added to the unesco representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, one of a few foods in the list.

Main

Samoosa

A samosa () is a fried or baked pastry with a savory filling, including ingredients such as spiced potatoes, onions, and peas. it may take different forms, including triangular, cone, or half-moon shapes, depending on the region. samosas are often accompanied by chutney, and have origins in medieval times or earlier. samosas are a popular entrée, appetizer, or snack in the cuisines of south asia, the middle east, central asia, east africa and their diasporas. the english word samosa derives from hindi word 'samosa' (hindi: समोसा), traceable to the middle persian word sanbosag (سنبوسگ) 'triangular pastry'. similar pastries are called sambusak in arabic; medieval arabic recipe books sometimes spell it sambusaj. the spelling samoosa is used in south africa.

Main

Samp

Samp is an african food consisting of dried corn kernels that have been pounded and chopped until broken, but not as finely ground as mealie-meal or mielie rice. the coating around the kernel loosens and is removed during the pounding and stamping process. it is eaten across south africa and by the lozi and tonga people of zambia with sugar and sour milk. it can also be served with gravy and various additives. it is cooked with beans in the xhosa variant of umngqusho and sometimes eaten with chakalaka. it can also be served with beef, lamb, poultry and in stuffings. "samp" is of native american origin, coming from the narragansett word "nasàump." new englanders since early colonial times have referred to cornmeal mush or cereal as "samp." like hominy, samp is prepared from groats (dehulled kernels) of maize, but the two are produced by different processes. unbroken and unhusked maize (corn) kernels can also be cooked (boiled) until tender. this food is called "stampmielies" in afrikaans. samp is often served with beans, as in "samp and beans".

Drink

Soured milk

Soured milk denotes a range of food products produced by the acidification of milk. acidification, which gives the milk a tart taste, is achieved either through bacterial fermentation or through the addition of an acid, such as lemon juice or vinegar. the acid causes milk to coagulate and thicken, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and improving the product's shelf life. soured milk that is produced by bacterial fermentation is more specifically called fermented milk or cultured milk. traditionally, soured milk was simply fresh milk that was left to ferment and sour by keeping it in a warm place for a day, often near a stove. modern commercial soured milk may differ from milk that has become sour naturally.soured milk that is produced by the addition of an acid, with or without the addition of microbial organisms, is more specifically called acidified milk. in the united states, acids used to manufacture acidified milk include acetic acid (commonly found in vinegar), adipic acid, citric acid (commonly found in lemon juice), fumaric acid, glucono-delta-lactone, hydrochloric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid. soured milk is commonly made at home or is sold and consumed in europe, especially in eastern europe (bulgaria, belarus, poland, russia, ukraine, lithuania), all over the countries of the former yugoslavia (macedonia, serbia, montenegro, bosnia and herzegovina, croatia, slovenia), romania, hungary, greece, finland, germany, scandinavia and slovakia. it is also made at home or sold in supermarkets and consumed in the great lakes region of somalia and eastern africa (kenya, uganda, rwanda, burundi and tanzania). it is also a traditional food of the bantu people of southern africa. since the 1970s, some producers have used chemical acidification in place of biological agents.

Main

Stewed greens

Stewed cassava leaves, kale, malakwang, blackjack, goosefoot, marogo, pigweed, purslane, thistle, sweet potato leaves, malanga, pumpkin leaves, njama njama, spinach

Main

Stewed tripe

Tripe soup, tripe stew or tripe chorba (turkish: işkembe çorbası, bulgarian: шкембе чорба, romanized: škembe čorba, macedonian: чкембе чорба) is a soup or stew made with tripe (cow or lamb/mutton stomach). it is widely (not universally) considered to be a hangover remedy.

Main

Stewed vegetables

Breakfast

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.