Dessert, Sweet

Arrowroot biscuits

Arrowroot is a starch obtained from the rhizomes (rootstock) of several tropical plants, traditionally maranta arundinacea, but also florida arrowroot from zamia integrifolia, and tapioca from cassava (manihot esculenta), which is often labelled as arrowroot. polynesian arrowroot or pia (tacca leontopetaloides), and japanese arrowroot (pueraria lobata), also called kudzu, are used in similar ways.

Breakfast

Bacon

Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. it is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich (blt)), or as a flavouring or accent (as in bacon bits in a salad). bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat. the word is derived from the proto-germanic *bakkon, meaning "back meat". meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". such use is common in areas with significant jewish and muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Banana

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus musa. in some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. the fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. the fruits grow upward in clusters near the top of the plant. almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – musa acuminata and musa balbisiana. the scientific names of most cultivated bananas are musa acuminata, musa balbisiana, and musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid musa acuminata × m. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. the old scientific name for this hybrid, musa sapientum, is no longer used. musa species are native to tropical indomalaya and australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in papua new guinea. they are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. the world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were india and china, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production.worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". especially in the americas and europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. by contrast, musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". in other regions, such as southeast asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not as useful and is not made in local languages. the term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. this can extend to other members of the genus musa, such as the scarlet banana (musa coccinea), the pink banana (musa velutina), and the fe'i bananas. it can also refer to members of the genus ensete, such as the snow banana (ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (ensete ventricosum). both genera are in the banana family, musaceae.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beans

A bean is the seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. they can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes throughout the world.

Main

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Main

Bluefish

The bluefish (pomatomus saltatrix) is the only extant species of the family pomatomidae. it is a marine pelagic fish found around the world in temperate and subtropical waters, except for the northern pacific ocean. bluefish are known as tailor in australia and new zealand, elf and shad in south africa. it is a popular gamefish and food fish. the bluefish is a moderately proportioned fish, with a broad, forked tail. the spiny first dorsal fin is normally folded back in a groove, as are its pectoral fins. coloration is a grayish blue-green dorsally, fading to white on the lower sides and belly. its single row of teeth in each jaw is uniform in size, knife-edged, and sharp. bluefish commonly range in size from seven-inch (18-cm) "snappers" to much larger, sometimes weighing as much as 40 lb (18 kg), though fish heavier than 20 lb (9 kg) are exceptional.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Breadfruit

Breadfruit (artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family (moraceae) believed to be a domesticated descendant of artocarpus camansi originating in new guinea, the maluku islands, and the philippines. it was initially spread to oceania via the austronesian expansion. it was further spread to other tropical regions of the world during the colonial era. british and french navigators introduced a few polynesian seedless varieties to caribbean islands during the late 18th century. today it is grown in some 90 countries throughout south and southeast asia, the pacific ocean, the caribbean, central america and africa. its name is derived from the texture of the moderately ripe fruit when cooked, similar to freshly baked bread and having a potato-like flavor.the trees have been widely planted in tropical regions, including lowland central america, northern south america, and the caribbean. in addition to the fruit serving as a staple food in many cultures, the light, sturdy timber of breadfruit has been used for outriggers, ships, and houses in the tropics. breadfruit is closely related to artocarpus camansi (breadnut or seeded breadfruit) of new guinea, the maluku islands, and the philippines, artocarpus blancoi (tipolo or antipolo) of the philippines, and artocarpus mariannensis (dugdug) of micronesia, all of which are sometimes also referred to as "breadfruit". it is also closely related to the jackfruit.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Breadsticks

Breadsticks, also known as grissini, grissino or dipping sticks, are generally pencil-sized sticks of crisp, dry baked bread that originated in italy. there is also a soft-baked breadstick version popular in north america.

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Coconut

The coconut tree (cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus cocos. the term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. the name comes from the old portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. they are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural icon of the tropics. the coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. the inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid, called coconut water or coconut juice. mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk derived from it are commonly used in cooking – frying in particular – as well as in soaps and cosmetics. sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. the hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. the coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the western pacific austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. it also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. it has also acquired religious significance in south asian cultures, where it is used in hindu rituals. it forms the basis of wedding and worship rituals in hinduism. it also plays a central role in the coconut religion of vietnam. the falling of their mature fruit has led to preoccupation with death by coconut.coconuts were first domesticated by the austronesian peoples in island southeast asia and were spread during the neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the pacific islands, and as far west as madagascar and the comoros. they played a critical role in the long sea voyages of austronesians by providing a portable source of food and water, as well as providing building materials for austronesian outrigger boats. coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the indian and atlantic oceans by south asian, arab, and european sailors. based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into pacific coconuts and indo-atlantic coconuts, respectively. coconuts were introduced by europeans to the americas only during the colonial era in the columbian exchange, but there is evidence of a possible pre-columbian introduction of pacific coconuts to panama by austronesian sailors. the evolutionary origin of the coconut is under dispute, with theories stating that it may have evolved in asia, south america, or on pacific islands. trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. about 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by indonesia, philippines, and india. the coconut tree is the official state tree of kerala, india.

Drink

Coconut water

Coconut water (also coconut juice) is the clear liquid inside coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). in early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. as growth continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. the liquid inside young coconuts is often preferred to the liquid of a ripened coconut. coconut water from young green coconuts is also known specifically as buko juice in philippine english.

Drink

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Main

Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (greek: βραχύς, romanized: brachys = short, οὐρά / οura = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. they live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. they first appeared during the jurassic period.

Main

Curry

A curry is a dish with a sauce seasoned with spices, mainly associated with south asian cuisine. in southern india, leaves from the curry tree may be included.there are many varieties of curry. in traditional cuisines, the selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and preference of the chef. such dishes have names that refer to their ingredients, spicing, and cooking methods. outside the indian subcontinent, a curry is a dish from southeast asia which uses coconut milk or spice pastes, commonly eaten over rice. curries may contain fish, meat, poultry, or shellfish, either alone or in combination with vegetables. others are vegetarian. dry curries are cooked using small amounts of liquid, which is allowed to evaporate, leaving the other ingredients coated with the spice mixture. wet curries contain significant amounts of sauce or gravy based on broth, coconut cream or coconut milk, dairy cream or yogurt, or legume purée, sautéed crushed onion, or tomato purée. curry powder, a commercially prepared mixture of spices marketed in the west, was first exported to britain in the 18th century when indian merchants sold a concoction of spices, similar to garam masala, to the british colonial government and army returning to britain.

Breakfast

Eggs

Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, a few mammals, and fish, and many of these have been eaten by humans for thousands of years. bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. the most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs. other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail also are eaten. fish eggs are called roe and caviar. egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery. due to their protein content, the united states department of agriculture formerly categorized eggs as meats within the food guide pyramid (now myplate). despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues arising from cholesterol content, salmonella contamination, and allergy to egg proteins. chickens and other egg-laying creatures are kept widely throughout the world and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. in 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. there are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. in 2012, the european union banned battery husbandry of chickens.

Main

Fish

Nanwei, red fish, upa'pa, white fish

Main

Fish in milk

Pan-fried fish that is then simmered in coconut milk or cream

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

Bananas, breadfruit, citrus, coconut, guava, melons, mango, papaya, peaches, pineapple, rose apple, snow fruit, watermelon

Drink

Fruit juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.

Dessert, Sweet

Fruit pie

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit salad

Fruit salad is a dish consisting of various kinds of fruit, sometimes served in a liquid, either their own juices or a syrup. in different forms, fruit salad can be served as an appetizer, a side salad. when served as an appetizer, a fruit salad is sometimes known as a fruit cocktail (often connoting a canned product), or fruit cup (when served in a small container). there are many types of fruit salad, ranging from the basic (no nuts, marshmallows, or dressing) to the moderately sweet (waldorf salad) to the sweet (ambrosia salad). another "salad" containing fruit is a jello salad, with its many variations. a fruit cocktail is well-defined in the us to mean a well-distributed mixture of small diced pieces of (from highest percentage to lowest) peaches, pears, pineapple, grapes, and cherry halves. fruit salad may also be canned (with larger pieces of fruit than a cocktail).

Main

Goat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (capra aegagrus hircus). the common name for goat meat is simply "goat", though meat from adult goats is referred to as chevon, while that from young goats can be called capretto (it.), cabrito (sp. and por.) or kid. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, mutton commonly means goat meat. in south asia, where mutton curry is popular, "mutton" is used for both goat and lamb meat. the culinary name "chevon", a blend of chèvre 'goat' and mouton 'sheep', was coined in 1922 and selected by a trade association; it was adopted by the united states department of agriculture in 1928.: 19  according to market research, consumers in the united states prefer "chevon" to "goat" "cabrito", a word of spanish and portuguese origin, refers specifically to the meat of a young, milk-fed goat. it is also known as chivo.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Green salad

A salad is a dish consisting of mixed, mostly natural ingredients with at least one raw ingredient. they are often dressed, and typically served at room temperature or chilled, though some can be served warm. garden salads use a base of leafy greens such as lettuce, arugula/rocket, kale or spinach; they are common enough that the word salad alone often refers specifically to garden salads. other types include bean salad, tuna salad, fattoush, greek salad (vegetable-based, but without leafy greens), and sōmen salad (a noodle-based salad). salads may be served at any point during a meal: appetizer salads—light, smaller-portion salads served as the first course of the meal side salads—to accompany the main course as a side dish; examples include potato salad and coleslaw main course salads—usually containing a portion of one or more high-protein foods, such as meat, fish, eggs, legumes, or cheese dessert salads—sweet salads containing fruit, gelatin, sweeteners or whipped creamwhen a sauce is used to flavor a salad, it is generally called a salad dressing; most salad dressings are based on either a mixture of oil and vinegar or a creamy dairy base.

Main

Grouper

Groupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily epinephelinae of the family serranidae, in the order perciformes. not all serranids are called "groupers"; the family also includes the sea basses. the common name "grouper" is usually given to fish in one of two large genera: epinephelus and mycteroperca. in addition, the species classified in the small genera anyperidon, cromileptes, dermatolepis, graciela, saloptia, and triso are also called "groupers". fish in the genus plectropomus are referred to as "coral groupers". these genera are all classified in the subfamily epiphelinae. however, some of the hamlets (genus alphestes), the hinds (genus cephalopholis), the lyretails (genus variola) and some other small genera (gonioplectrus, niphon, paranthias) are also in this subfamily, and occasional species in other serranid genera have common names involving the word "grouper". nonetheless, the word "grouper" on its own is usually taken as meaning the subfamily epinephelinae.

Main

Hamburger

A hamburger (or burger for short) is a food consisting of fillings —usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun or bread roll. hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis; condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish, or a "special sauce", often a variation of thousand island dressing; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns. a hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.the term burger can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the united kingdom, where the term patty is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef. since the term hamburger usually implies beef, for clarity burger may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in beef burger, turkey burger, bison burger, portobello burger, or veggie burger. in australia and new zealand, a piece of chicken breast on a bun is known as a chicken burger, which would generally not be considered to be a burger in the united states; where it would generally be called a chicken sandwich, but in australian english and new zealand english a sandwich requires sliced bread (not a bun), so it would not be considered a sandwich.hamburgers are typically sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants. there are many international and regional variations of hamburgers.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Honey

Pitcairn island pure honey, made on the island and with flavors from guava, lata, mango, passion and roseapple flowers

Main

Meat pie

A meat pie is a pie with a filling of meat and often other savory ingredients. they are found in cuisines worldwide. meat pies are usually baked, fried, or deep fried to brown them and develop the flavour through the maillard reaction. many varieties have a flaky crust.

Dessert, Sweet

Mudda

Green banana dumplings simmered in sweetened coconut milk with vanilla

Main

Pasta bake

Baked pasta casserole, pasta baked with cheese, tomato paste, ketchup, butter, salt and pepper

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pilhi

Mashed and baked custard-like dish made of, for example, bananas, breadfruit, pumpkin, potatoes, plus sugar and milk

Main

Pork

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). it is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 bc.pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. ham, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork. charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. pork is the most popular meat in the western world, particularly in central europe. it is also very popular in east and southeast asia (mainland southeast asia, philippines, singapore, east timor, and malaysia). the meat is highly prized in asian cuisines, especially in mainland china, for its fat content and texture. some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably islam and judaism.

Main

Pota

Tale (taro) leaves are boiled, then mixed with coconut cream and simmered

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Main

Roast beef

Roast beef is a dish of beef that is roasted, generally served as the main dish of a meal. in the anglosphere, roast beef is one of the meats often served at sunday lunch or dinner. yorkshire pudding is a standard side dish. sliced roast beef is also sold as a cold cut, and used as a sandwich filling. leftover roast beef may be minced and made into hash. roast beef is a characteristic national dish of england and holds cultural meaning for the english dating back to the 1731 ballad "the roast beef of old england". the dish is so synonymous with england and its cooking methods from the 18th century that a french nickname for the english is "les rosbifs".

Main

Roast chicken

Roast chicken is chicken prepared as food by roasting whether in a home kitchen, over a fire, or with a rotisserie (rotary spit). generally, the chicken is roasted with its own fat and juices by circulating the meat during roasting, and therefore, are usually cooked exposed to fire or heat with some type of rotary grill so that the circulation of these fats and juices is as efficient as possible. roast chicken is a dish that appears in a wide variety of cuisines worldwide.

Main

Roast pork

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Salad

A salad is a dish consisting of mixed, mostly natural ingredients with at least one raw ingredient. they are often dressed, and typically served at room temperature or chilled, though some can be served warm. garden salads use a base of leafy greens such as lettuce, arugula/rocket, kale or spinach; they are common enough that the word salad alone often refers specifically to garden salads. other types include bean salad, tuna salad, fattoush, greek salad (vegetable-based, but without leafy greens), and sōmen salad (a noodle-based salad). salads may be served at any point during a meal: appetizer salads—light, smaller-portion salads served as the first course of the meal side salads—to accompany the main course as a side dish; examples include potato salad and coleslaw main course salads—usually containing a portion of one or more high-protein foods, such as meat, fish, eggs, legumes, or cheese dessert salads—sweet salads containing fruit, gelatin, sweeteners or whipped creamwhen a sauce is used to flavor a salad, it is generally called a salad dressing; most salad dressings are based on either a mixture of oil and vinegar or a creamy dairy base.

Main

Seafood

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in asia. seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. the harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals. some seafoods (i.e. kelp) are used as food for other plants (a fertilizer). in these ways, seafoods are used to produce further food for human consumption. also, products such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are extracted from seafoods. some seafood is fed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets such as cats. a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for nonfood purposes (e.g. leather).

Main

Snapper

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Snow fruit

Main

Squid

A squid is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder decapodiformes. like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, bilateral symmetry, and a mantle. they are mainly soft-bodied, like octopuses, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like gladius or pen, made of chitin. squid diverged from other cephalopods during the jurassic and occupy a similar role to teleost fish as open water predators of similar size and behaviour. they play an important role in the open water food web. the two long tentacles are used to grab prey and the eight arms to hold and control it. the beak then cuts the food into suitable size chunks for swallowing. squid are rapid swimmers, moving by jet propulsion, and largely locate their prey by sight. they are among the most intelligent of invertebrates, with groups of humboldt squid having been observed hunting cooperatively. they are preyed on by sharks, other fish, sea birds, seals and cetaceans, particularly sperm whales. squid can change colour for camouflage and signalling. some species are bioluminescent, using their light for counter-illumination camouflage, while many species can eject a cloud of ink to distract predators. squid are used for human consumption with commercial fisheries in japan, the mediterranean, the southwestern atlantic, the eastern pacific and elsewhere. they are used in cuisines around the world, often known as "calamari". squid have featured in literature since classical times, especially in tales of giant squid and sea monsters.

Breakfast

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

Drink

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

Main

Tuna

A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe thunnini, a subgrouping of the scombridae (mackerel) family. the thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: 50 cm or 1.6 ft, weight: 1.8 kg or 4 lb) up to the atlantic bluefin tuna (max length: 4.6 m or 15 ft, weight: 684 kg or 1,508 lb), which averages 2 m (6.6 ft) and is believed to live up to 50 years. tuna, opah and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. an active and agile predator, the tuna has a sleek, streamlined body, and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish – the yellowfin tuna, for example, is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph). greatly inflated speeds can be found in early scientific reports and are still widely reported in the popular literature.found in warm seas, the tuna is commercially fished extensively as a food fish, and is popular as a bluewater game fish. as a result of overfishing, some tuna species, such as the southern bluefin tuna, are threatened with extinction.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Vegetables

Arrowroot, beans, beetroot, cabbage, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, yams

Main

Wahoo

Main

Whitefish

Whitefish or white fish is a fisheries term for several species of demersal fish with fins, particularly atlantic cod (gadus morhua), whiting (merluccius bilinearis), haddock (melanogrammus aeglefinus), hake (urophycis), pollock (pollachius), and others. whitefish (coregonidae) is also the name of several species of atlantic freshwater fish. whitefish live on or near the seafloor, and can be contrasted with the oily or pelagic fish which live away from the seafloor. whitefish do not have much oil in their tissue, and have flakier white or light-coloured flesh. most of the oil found in their bodies is concentrated in the organs, e.g. cod liver oil. whitefish can be divided into benthopelagic fish (round fish which live near the sea bed, such as cod and coley) and benthic fish (which live on the sea bed, such as flatfish like plaice). whitefish is sometimes eaten straight but is often used reconstituted for fishsticks, gefilte fish, lutefisk, surimi (imitation crabmeat), etc. for centuries it was preserved by drying as stockfish and clipfish and traded as a world commodity. it is commonly used as the fish in the classic british dish of fish and chips.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

White grapes

Drink

Wine

Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. these differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. these typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. wines not made from grapes involve fermentation of other crops including rice wine and other fruit wines such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, currant and elderberry. wine has been produced for thousands of years. the earliest evidence of wine is from the caucasus region in today's georgia (6000 bce), persia (5000 bce), and italy (4000 bce). new world wine has some connection to alcoholic beverages made by the indigenous peoples of the americas, but is mainly connected to later spanish traditions in new spain. later, as old world wine further developed viticulture techniques, europe would encompass three of the largest wine-producing regions. today, the five countries with the largest wine-producing regions are in italy, spain, france, the united states, and china.wine has long played an important role in religion. red wine was associated with blood by the ancient egyptians and was used by both the greek cult of dionysus and the romans in their bacchanalia; judaism also incorporates it in the kiddush, and christianity in the eucharist. egyptian, greek, roman, and israeli wine cultures are still connected to these ancient roots. similarly the largest wine regions in italy, spain, and france have heritages in connection to sacramental wine, likewise, viticulture traditions in the southwestern united states started within new spain as catholic friars and monks first produced wines in new mexico and california.