Side, Snack, Appetizer

Acholi baked bananas

Dessert, Sweet

Acholi banana and peanut fritters

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Acholi grilled corn

Dessert, Sweet

Acholi sugared peanuts

Drink

Amarula

Amarula is a cream liqueur from south africa. it is made with sugar, cream and the fruit of the african marula tree (sclerocarya birrea) which is also locally called the elephant tree or the marriage tree. it has an alcohol content of 17% by volume (30° proof). it has had some success at international spirit ratings competitions, winning a gold medal at the 2006 san francisco world spirits competition.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Apple

An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (malus domestica). apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus malus. the tree originated in central asia, where its wild ancestor, malus sieversii, is still found today. apples have been grown for thousands of years in asia and europe and were brought to north america by european colonists. apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including norse, greek, and european christian tradition. apples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. generally, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the size of the resulting tree, allowing for easier harvesting. there are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw, and cider production. trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial, and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. in 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production. worldwide production of apples in 2018 was 86 million tonnes, with china accounting for nearly half of the total.

Drink

Arabica coffee

Coffea arabica (), also known as the arabic coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family rubiaceae. it is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated, and is currently the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. coffee produced from the (less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated) robusta bean (c. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. arabica coffee originates from ethiopia and was first cultivated in yemen, and documented by the 12th century. coffea arabica is called ‏بُنّ‎ (būnn) in arabic, borrowed from the oromo "buna".

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Banana

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus musa. in some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. the fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. the fruits grow upward in clusters near the top of the plant. almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – musa acuminata and musa balbisiana. the scientific names of most cultivated bananas are musa acuminata, musa balbisiana, and musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid musa acuminata × m. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. the old scientific name for this hybrid, musa sapientum, is no longer used. musa species are native to tropical indomalaya and australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in papua new guinea. they are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. the world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were india and china, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production.worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". especially in the americas and europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. by contrast, musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". in other regions, such as southeast asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not as useful and is not made in local languages. the term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. this can extend to other members of the genus musa, such as the scarlet banana (musa coccinea), the pink banana (musa velutina), and the fe'i bananas. it can also refer to members of the genus ensete, such as the snow banana (ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (ensete ventricosum). both genera are in the banana family, musaceae.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beans

A bean is the seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. they can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes throughout the world.

Main

Beans and rice

Rice and beans is a category of dishes from many cultures around the world, whereby the staple foods of rice and beans are combined in some manner. the grain and legume combination provides several important nutrients and many calories, and both foods are widely available. the beans are usually seasoned, while the rice may be plain or seasoned. the two components may be mixed together, separated on the plate, or served separately.

Main

Beans with vegetables and spices

Main

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beer banana

Drink

Bell Lager

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bitter herbs

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Blackberry

The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus rubus in the family rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera rubus and idaeobatus. the taxonomy of blackberries has historically been confused because of hybridization and apomixis, so that species have often been grouped together and called species aggregates. for example, the entire subgenus rubus has been called the rubus fruticosus aggregate, although the species r. fruticosus is considered a synonym of r. plicatus.rubus armeniacus ("himalayan" blackberry) is considered a noxious weed and invasive species in many regions of the pacific northwest of canada and the united states, where it grows out of control in urban and suburban parks and woodlands.

Breakfast

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Main

Bushmeat

Bushmeat is meat from wildlife species that are hunted for human consumption, most often referring to the meat of game in africa. bushmeat represents a primary source of animal protein and a cash-earning commodity for inhabitants of humid tropical forest regions in africa, latin america and asia. bushmeat is an important food resource for poor people, particularly in rural areas.the numbers of animals killed and traded as bushmeat in the 1990s in west and central africa were thought to be unsustainable. by 2005, commercial harvesting and trading of bushmeat was considered a threat to biodiversity. as of 2016, 301 terrestrial mammals were threatened with extinction due to hunting for bushmeat including primates, even-toed ungulates, bats, diprotodont marsupials, rodents and carnivores occurring in developing countries.bushmeat provides increased opportunity for transmission of several zoonotic viruses from animal hosts to humans, such as ebolavirus and hiv.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cabbage

Cabbage, comprising several cultivars of brassica oleracea, is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. it is descended from the wild cabbage (b. oleracea var. oleracea), and belongs to the "cole crops" or brassicas, meaning it is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. botrytis); brussels sprouts (var. gemmifera); and savoy cabbage (var. sabauda). a cabbage generally weighs between 500 to 1,000 grams (1 to 2 lb). smooth-leafed, firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed purple cabbages and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colours being rarer. under conditions of long sunny days, such as those found at high northern latitudes in summer, cabbages can grow quite large. as of 2012, the heaviest cabbage was 62.71 kilograms (138 lb 4 oz). cabbage heads are generally picked during the first year of the plant's life cycle, but plants intended for seed are allowed to grow a second year and must be kept separate from other cole crops to prevent cross-pollination. cabbage is prone to several nutrient deficiencies, as well as to multiple pests, and bacterial and fungal diseases. cabbage was most likely domesticated somewhere in europe before 1000 bc, although savoys were not developed until the 16th century ad. by the middle ages, cabbage had become a prominent part of european cuisine. they can be prepared many different ways for eating; they can be pickled, fermented (for dishes such as sauerkraut), steamed, stewed, roasted, sautéed, braised, or eaten raw. raw cabbage is a rich source of vitamin k, vitamin c, and dietary fiber. world production of cabbage and other brassicas in 2020 was 71 million tonnes, led by china with 48% of the total.

Main

Camel

A camel (from: latin: camelus and greek: κάμηλος (kamēlos) from semitic: gāmāl.) is an even-toed ungulate in the genus camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provide food (milk and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from hair). camels are working animals especially suited to their desert habitat and are a vital means of transport for passengers and cargo. there are three surviving species of camel. the one-humped dromedary makes up 94% of the world's camel population, and the two-humped bactrian camel makes up 6%. the wild bactrian camel is a separate species and is now critically endangered. the word camel is also used informally in a wider sense, where the more correct term is "camelid", to include all seven species of the family camelidae: the true camels (the above three species), along with the "new world" camelids: the llama, the alpaca, the guanaco, and the vicuña, which belong to the separate tribe lamini camelids originated in north america during the eocene, with the ancestor of modern camels, paracamelus, migrating across the bering land bridge into asia during the late miocene, around 6 million years ago.

Main

Carp

Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to europe and asia. while carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of africa, australia and most of the united states.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cassava

Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names) is a woody shrub of the spurge family, euphorbiaceae, native to south america. although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. though it is often called yuca in parts of spanish america and in the united states, it is not related to yucca, a shrub in the family asparagaceae. cassava is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but substantial quantities are used to extract cassava starch, called tapioca, which is used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. the brazilian farinha, and the related garri of west africa, is an edible coarse flour obtained by grating cassava roots, pressing moisture off the obtained grated pulp, and finally drying it (and roasting both in the case of farinha and garri). cassava is the third-largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize. cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people. it is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while thailand is the largest exporter of cassava starch. cassava is classified as either sweet or bitter. like other roots and tubers, both bitter and sweet varieties of cassava contain antinutritional factors and toxins, with the bitter varieties containing much larger amounts. it must be properly prepared before consumption, as improper preparation of cassava can leave enough residual cyanide to cause acute cyanide intoxication, goiters, and even ataxia, partial paralysis, or death. the more toxic varieties of cassava are a fall-back resource (a "food security crop") in times of famine or food insecurity in some places. farmers often prefer the bitter varieties because they deter pests, animals, and thieves.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chapati

Chapati (alternatively spelled chapatti, chappati, chapathi, or chappathi; pronounced as iast: capātī, capāṭī, cāpāṭi), also known as roti, rotli, safati, shabaati, phulka, (in east africa) chapo, and (in the maldives) roshi, is an unleavened flatbread originating from the indian subcontinent and staple in india, nepal, bangladesh, pakistan, sri lanka, east africa, arabian peninsula and the caribbean. chapatis are made of whole-wheat flour known as atta, mixed into dough with water, oil (optional), salt (optional) in a mixing utensil called a parat, and are cooked on a tava (flat skillet).it is a common staple in the indian subcontinent as well as amongst expatriates from the indian subcontinent throughout the world. chapatis were also introduced to other parts of the world by immigrants from the indian subcontinent, particularly by indian merchants to central asia, southeast asia, east africa, and the caribbean islands.

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Main

Chicken gizzard

The gizzard, also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium, is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (pterosaurs, crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans. this specialized stomach constructed of thick muscular walls is used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit. in certain insects and molluscs, the gizzard features chitinous plates or teeth.

Main

Chickennat

Chicken, vegetable and peanut stew

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Corn

Maize ( mayz; zea mays subsp. mays, from spanish: maíz after taino: mahiz), also known as corn (north american and australian english), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern mexico about 10,000 years ago. the leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits.maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. in addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and corn syrup. the six major types of maize are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn. sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn are usually grown for human consumption as kernels, while field corn varieties are used for animal feed, various corn-based human food uses (including grinding into cornmeal or masa, pressing into corn oil, fermentation and distillation into alcoholic beverages like bourbon whiskey), and as feedstocks for the chemical industry. maize is also used in making ethanol and other biofuels. maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. in 2014, total world production was 1.04 billion tonnes. maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states alone in 2014. genetically modified maize made up 85% of the maize planted in the united states in 2009. subsidies in the united states help to account for its high level of cultivation of maize and its position as the largest producer in the world.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cowpea

The cowpea (vigna unguiculata) is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus vigna. due to its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall, it is an important crop in the semiarid regions across africa and asia. it requires very few inputs, as the plant's root nodules are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it a valuable crop for resource-poor farmers and well-suited to intercropping with other crops. the whole plant is used as forage for animals, with its use as cattle feed likely responsible for its name. four subspecies of cowpeas are recognised, of which three are cultivated. a high level of morphological diversity is found within the species with large variations in the size, shape, and structure of the plant. cowpeas can be erect, semierect (trailing), or climbing. the crop is mainly grown for its seeds, which are high in protein, although the leaves and immature seed pods can also be consumed. cowpeas were domesticated in africa and are one of the oldest crops to be farmed. a second domestication event probably occurred in asia, before they spread into europe and the americas. the seeds are usually cooked and made into stews and curries, or ground into flour or paste. most cowpeas are grown on the african continent, particularly in nigeria and niger, which account for 66% of world production. a 1997 estimate suggests that cowpeas are cultivated on 12.5 million hectares (31 million acres) of land, have a worldwide production of 3 million tonnes and are consumed by 200 million people on a daily basis. insect infestation is a major constraint to the production of cowpea, sometimes causing over 90% loss in yield. the legume pod borer maruca vitrata is the main preharvest pest of the cowpea and the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus the main postharvest pest.

Main

Crocodile

Crocodiles (family crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in africa, asia, the americas and australia. the term crocodile is sometimes used even more loosely to include all extant members of the order crocodilia, which includes the alligators and caimans (family alligatoridae), the gharial and false gharial (family gavialidae) among other extinct taxa. although they appear similar, crocodiles, alligators and the gharial belong to separate biological families. the gharial, with its narrow snout, is easier to distinguish, while morphological differences are more difficult to spot in crocodiles and alligators. the most obvious external differences are visible in the head, with crocodiles having narrower and longer heads, with a more v-shaped than a u-shaped snout compared to alligators and caimans. another obvious trait is that the upper and lower jaws of the crocodiles are the same width, and the teeth in the lower jaw fall along the edge or outside the upper jaw when the mouth is closed; therefore, all teeth are visible, unlike an alligator, which possesses in the upper jaw small depressions into which the lower teeth fit. also, when the crocodile's mouth is closed, the large fourth tooth in the lower jaw fits into a constriction in the upper jaw. for hard-to-distinguish specimens, the protruding tooth is the most reliable feature to define the species' family. crocodiles have more webbing on the toes of the hind feet and can better tolerate saltwater due to specialized salt glands for filtering out salt, which are present, but non-functioning, in alligators. another trait that separates crocodiles from other crocodilians is their much higher levels of aggression.crocodile size, morphology, behaviour and ecology differ somewhat among species. however, they have many similarities in these areas as well. all crocodiles are semiaquatic and tend to congregate in freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and sometimes in brackish water and saltwater. they are carnivorous animals, feeding mostly on vertebrates such as fish, reptiles, birds and mammals, and sometimes on invertebrates such as molluscs and crustaceans, depending on species and age. all crocodiles are tropical species that, unlike alligators, are very sensitive to cold. they separated from other crocodilians during the eocene epoch, about 55 million years ago. many species are at the risk of extinction, some being classified as critically endangered.

Main

Curried cabbage

A curry is a dish with a sauce seasoned with spices, mainly associated with south asian cuisine. in southern india, leaves from the curry tree may be included.there are many varieties of curry. in traditional cuisines, the selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and preference of the chef. such dishes have names that refer to their ingredients, spicing, and cooking methods. outside the indian subcontinent, a curry is a dish from southeast asia which uses coconut milk or spice pastes, commonly eaten over rice. curries may contain fish, meat, poultry, or shellfish, either alone or in combination with vegetables. others are vegetarian. dry curries are cooked using small amounts of liquid, which is allowed to evaporate, leaving the other ingredients coated with the spice mixture. wet curries contain significant amounts of sauce or gravy based on broth, coconut cream or coconut milk, dairy cream or yogurt, or legume purée, sautéed crushed onion, or tomato purée. curry powder, a commercially prepared mixture of spices marketed in the west, was first exported to britain in the 18th century when indian merchants sold a concoction of spices, similar to garam masala, to the british colonial government and army returning to britain.

Main

Dagaa

The silver cyprinid (rastrineobola argentea) also known as the lake victoria sardine, mukene, and omena (native language), is a species of pelagic, freshwater ray-finned fish in the carp family, cyprinidae from east africa. it is the only member of the genus rastrineobola.

Drink

Dawa

Mixed drink made with vodka, lime juice and honey

Main

Duck

In cooking and gastronomy, duck or duckling is the meat of several species of bird in the family anatidae, found in both fresh and salt water. duck is eaten in many cuisines around the world. it is a high-fat, high-protein meat rich in iron. duckling nominally comes from a juvenile animal, but may be simply a menu name. one species of freshwater duck, the mallard, has been domesticated and is a common livestock bird in many cultures. the pekin duck is another livestock breed of importance, particularly in north america. magret refers specifically to the breast of a mulard or muscovy (or barbary) duck that has been force fed to produce foie gras.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Edible oils

Coconut, cotton, maize, palm, sesame, soybean, sunflower

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Egg roll

Fried ball of mashed potatoes surrounding a hard boiled egg

Main

Eggs

Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, a few mammals, and fish, and many of these have been eaten by humans for thousands of years. bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. the most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs. other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail also are eaten. fish eggs are called roe and caviar. egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery. due to their protein content, the united states department of agriculture formerly categorized eggs as meats within the food guide pyramid (now myplate). despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues arising from cholesterol content, salmonella contamination, and allergy to egg proteins. chickens and other egg-laying creatures are kept widely throughout the world and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. in 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. there are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. in 2012, the european union banned battery husbandry of chickens.

Breakfast

Eggs

Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, a few mammals, and fish, and many of these have been eaten by humans for thousands of years. bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. the most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs. other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail also are eaten. fish eggs are called roe and caviar. egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery. due to their protein content, the united states department of agriculture formerly categorized eggs as meats within the food guide pyramid (now myplate). despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues arising from cholesterol content, salmonella contamination, and allergy to egg proteins. chickens and other egg-laying creatures are kept widely throughout the world and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. in 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. there are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. in 2012, the european union banned battery husbandry of chickens.

Main

Fish

Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. fish has been an important dietary source of protein and other nutrients throughout human history. the english language does not have a special culinary name for food prepared from fish like with other animals (as with pig vs. pork), or as in other languages (such as spanish pescado vs. pez). in culinary and fishery contexts, fish may include so-called shellfish such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms; more expansively, seafood covers both fish and other marine life used as food.since 1961, the average annual increase in global apparent food fish consumption (3.2 percent) has outpaced population growth (1.6 percent) and exceeded consumption of meat from all terrestrial animals, combined (2.8 percent) and individually (bovine, ovine, porcine, etc.), except poultry (4.9 percent). in per capita terms, food fish consumption has grown from 9.0 kg (19.8 lb) in 1961 to 20.2 kg (45 lb) in 2015, at an average rate of about 1.5 percent per year. the expansion in consumption has been driven not only by increased production, but also by a combination of many other factors, including reduced wastage, better utilization, improved distribution channels and growing consumer demand, linked with population growth, rising disposable incomes and urbanization.europe, japan and the united states of america together accounted for 47 percent of the world's total food fish consumption in 1961, but only about 20 percent in 2015. of the global total of 149 million tonnes in 2015, asia consumed more than two-thirds (106 million tonnes at 24.0 kg per capita). oceania and africa consumed the lowest share. the shift is the result of structural changes in the sector and in particular the growing role of asian countries in fish production, as well as a significant gap between the economic growth rates of the world's more mature fish markets and those of many increasingly important emerging markets around the world, particularly in asia.

Dessert, Sweet

Fresh fruit

In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. edible fruits in particular have long propagated using the movements of humans and animals in a symbiotic relationship that is the means for seed dispersal for the one group and nutrition for the other; in fact, humans and many animals have become dependent on fruits as a source of food. consequently, fruits account for a substantial fraction of the world's agricultural output, and some (such as the apple and the pomegranate) have acquired extensive cultural and symbolic meanings. in common language usage, "fruit" normally means the seed-associated fleshy structures (or produce) of plants that typically are sweet or sour and edible in the raw state, such as apples, bananas, grapes, lemons, oranges, and strawberries. in botanical usage, the term "fruit" also includes many structures that are not commonly called "fruits" in everyday language, such as nuts, bean pods, corn kernels, tomatoes, and wheat grains.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. edible fruits in particular have long propagated using the movements of humans and animals in a symbiotic relationship that is the means for seed dispersal for the one group and nutrition for the other; in fact, humans and many animals have become dependent on fruits as a source of food. consequently, fruits account for a substantial fraction of the world's agricultural output, and some (such as the apple and the pomegranate) have acquired extensive cultural and symbolic meanings. in common language usage, "fruit" normally means the seed-associated fleshy structures (or produce) of plants that typically are sweet or sour and edible in the raw state, such as apples, bananas, grapes, lemons, oranges, and strawberries. in botanical usage, the term "fruit" also includes many structures that are not commonly called "fruits" in everyday language, such as nuts, bean pods, corn kernels, tomatoes, and wheat grains.

Drink

Fruit juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit salad

Fruit salad is a dish consisting of various kinds of fruit, sometimes served in a liquid, either their own juices or a syrup. in different forms, fruit salad can be served as an appetizer, a side salad. when served as an appetizer, a fruit salad is sometimes known as a fruit cocktail (often connoting a canned product), or fruit cup (when served in a small container). there are many types of fruit salad, ranging from the basic (no nuts, marshmallows, or dressing) to the moderately sweet (waldorf salad) to the sweet (ambrosia salad). another "salad" containing fruit is a jello salad, with its many variations. a fruit cocktail is well-defined in the us to mean a well-distributed mixture of small diced pieces of (from highest percentage to lowest) peaches, pears, pineapple, grapes, and cherry halves. fruit salad may also be canned (with larger pieces of fruit than a cocktail).

Main

Futali

Boiled and mashed cassava, plantains, pumpkin or sweet potato, combined with peanut flour, serve with nsima, rice

Breakfast

Futali

Boiled and mashed cassava, plantains, pumpkin or sweet potato, combined with peanut flour, serve with nsima, rice

Main

Githeri

Githeri (gĩtheri), also called muthere or mutheri, is a kenyan traditional meal of maize and legumes, mostly beans of any type mixed and boiled together. the maize and beans are mixed together in a sufuria or pot, water is then added and the mixture is boiled until the food is cooked and ready to eat. githeri is the staple food of the gikuyu, meru, mbeere people and embu people in the central province and eastern province of kenya, but it is also popular in other parts of the country and other communities, such as the kamba people of eastern province of kenya. the beans and maize can either be fresh or dry, but most people prefer fresh because of the better taste. it is easily accessible because maize and beans are readily available in these areas since they are mostly sourced directly from local farms and homesteads. githeri can also be made into a stew with the addition of vegetables and potatoes, and sometimes meat. githeri is also used to make mukimo after the addition of potatoes, bananas, and greens, and mashing up the mixture. lately, there has been a rise in the popularity of githeri due to the health benefits associated with the plant-based dish. the same dish based comprising two key ingredients of maize and beans other available legumes and even ground nuts is known by other names and as a traditional dish from at least as far north of africa as ethiopia right down to south africa. kande, pure and ngate are some of the names it goes by in different parts of tanzania. the dish has quite a much bigger footprint than just kenya and the gikuyu tribe. part of the popularity of this dish arises because it has been the main meal served to students since the 1920s. eating githeri is now a trend for young people. many hotels in kenya serve githeri.

Main

Goat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (capra aegagrus hircus). the common name for goat meat is simply "goat", though meat from adult goats is referred to as chevon, while that from young goats can be called capretto (it.), cabrito (sp. and por.) or kid. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, mutton commonly means goat meat. in south asia, where mutton curry is popular, "mutton" is used for both goat and lamb meat. the culinary name "chevon", a blend of chèvre 'goat' and mouton 'sheep', was coined in 1922 and selected by a trade association; it was adopted by the united states department of agriculture in 1928.: 19  according to market research, consumers in the united states prefer "chevon" to "goat" "cabrito", a word of spanish and portuguese origin, refers specifically to the meat of a young, milk-fed goat. it is also known as chivo.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gonja

Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus musa whose fruits are generally used in cooking. they may be eaten ripe or unripe and are generally starchy. many cooking bananas are referred to as plantains (/ˈplæntɪn/, us: /plænˈteɪn/, uk: /ˈplɑːntɪn/) or green bananas. in botanical usage, the term "plantain" is used only for true plantains, while other starchy cultivars used for cooking are called "cooking bananas". true plantains are cultivars belonging to the aab group, while cooking bananas are any cultivars belonging to aab, aaa, abb, or bbb groups. the currently accepted scientific name for all such cultivars in these groups is musa × paradisiaca. fe'i bananas (musa × troglodytarum) from the pacific islands are often eaten roasted or boiled, and are thus informally referred to as "mountain plantains," but they do not belong to any of the species from which all modern banana cultivars are descended.cooking bananas are a major food staple in west and central africa, the caribbean islands, central america, and northern south america. members of the genus musa are indigenous to the tropical regions of southeast asia and oceania. bananas fruit all year round, making them a reliable all-season staple food.cooking bananas are treated as a starchy fruit with a relatively neutral flavor and soft texture when cooked. cooking bananas may be eaten raw, however they are most commonly prepared either fried, boiled, or processed into flour or dough.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gooseberries

Gooseberry ( or (american and northern british) or (southern british)) is a common name for many species of ribes (which also includes currants), as well as a large number of plants of similar appearance. the berries of those in the genus ribes (sometimes placed in the genus grossularia) are edible and may be green, orange, red, purple, yellow, white, or black.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Grilled corn

Corn cooked over a flame

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Groundnut

The peanut (arachis hypogaea) also known as the groundnut, goober (us), pindar (us) or monkey nut (uk), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. it is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. it is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. world annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by china with 38% of the world total. atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. with this characteristic in mind, the botanist carl linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth". the peanut belongs to the botanical family fabaceae (or leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. the capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in western cuisines. the botanical definition of a nut is "a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity". using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut. however, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common english more generally.

Main

Groundnut sauce

Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also called as maafe (wolof, mafé, maffé, maffe), sauce d'arachide (french), tigadèguèna or domoda, is a stew that is a staple food in western africa. it originates from the mandinka and bambara people of mali.the proper name for it in the mandinka language is domodah or tigadegena (lit. 'peanut butter sauce,' where tige is 'peanut,' dege is 'paste,' and na is 'sauce') in bamanankan.domodah is also used by gambians, having been borrowed from the mandinka language. in senegal domodah or domoda referts to flour-thickened soup or stew, which is different from mafe that uses peanut paste. it is a favorite dish among several senegal and gambia ethnic groups. with the huge expansion of groundnut cultivation during the colonial period, maafe has also become a popular dish across west africa, even outside west africa such as in cameroon and france. variants of the dish appear in the cuisine of nations throughout west africa and central africa. it is very similar to groundnut soup. it may have a thicker consistency. made from lamb, beef, chicken, or without meat, maafe is cooked with a sauce based on groundnuts, especially peanut butter/paste, and tomatoes. in ghana, groundnut stew is often accompanied with fufu.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Irish potatoes

Boiled, fried whole, fries, chips, mashed, in stews

Main

Jollof rice

Jollof (), or jollof rice, is a rice dish from west africa. the dish is typically made with long-grain rice, tomatoes, onions, spices, vegetables and meat in a single pot, although its ingredients and preparation methods vary across different regions.

Dessert, Sweet

Kabalagala

Pancakes made with cassava flour and sweet bananas

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Kabalagala

Pancakes made with cassava flour and sweet bananas

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Kachumbari

Kachumbari is a fresh tomato and onion salad dish that is popular in the cuisines of the african great lakes region. it is an uncooked salad dish consisting of chopped tomatoes, onions, and chili peppers. variations of kachumbari can be found in kenya, tanzania, rwanda, uganda, burundi and in the southern african countries of malawi and congo.the swahili word kachumbari originated from the indian word cachumber.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Kalo

Millet bread, serve with stews, fish, groundnut sauce, bean soup, enshabwe

Dessert, Sweet

Kashata

Coconut confection, made with grated coconut, sugar, cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, peanuts

Breakfast

Katogo

Katogo is a traditional breakfast dish in uganda. it is served in most regions of uganda and is defined as a mixture of ingredients. the main ingredients of the dish are matooke and a sauce (beef, ghee, offal, beans)

Main

Katogo

Katogo is a traditional breakfast dish in uganda. it is served in most regions of uganda and is defined as a mixture of ingredients. the main ingredients of the dish are matooke and a sauce (beef, ghee, offal, beans)

Drink

Kawa

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Main

Kikomando

Chopped chapati mixed with beans

Main

Kuku paka

Kuku paka is a chicken dish with a coconut-based curry and is also called “kuku na nazi”. it has arabic, indian and african influences. kuku in swahili means chicken. the dish is particularly popular in the east african coast and among the indian communities living in kenya, tanzania and uganda. paka in swahili means to smear, to spread or to apply.coconut milk or coconut cream and curry spices are the main ingredients of the dish. what sets apart kuku paka from other coconut curries is the flavor from char-grilling the chicken before adding it to the coconut curry base. this gives it a smoky flavor. shrimp or fish are often substituted for chicken in this popular east african dish. see "kuku na nazi".

Breakfast

Kwon

Millet porridge

Main

Luwombo

Meat and vegetables cooked in banana leaves

Main

Mabele

Sorghum meal, commonly made into porridge, ting (sour porridge)

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Malewa

Smoked bamboo shoots

Dessert, Sweet

Mandazi

Mandazi (swahili: mandazi, maandazi), is a form of fried bread that originated on the swahili coast. it is also known as bofrot or puff puff in western african countries such as ghana and nigeria. it is one of the principal dishes in the cuisine of the swahili people who inhabit the coastal region of kenya and tanzania. the dish is popular in the region, as it is convenient to make, can be eaten with almost any food or dips or just as a snack by itself, and can be saved and reheated for later consumption.

Breakfast

Mandazi

Mandazi (swahili: mandazi, maandazi), is a form of fried bread that originated on the swahili coast. it is also known as bofrot or puff puff in western african countries such as ghana and nigeria. it is one of the principal dishes in the cuisine of the swahili people who inhabit the coastal region of kenya and tanzania. the dish is popular in the region, as it is convenient to make, can be eaten with almost any food or dips or just as a snack by itself, and can be saved and reheated for later consumption.

Drink

Masala chai

Masala chai (, lit. 'mixed-spice tea'; hindi: मसाला चाय) is an indian tea beverage made by boiling black tea in milk and water with a mixture of aromatic herbs and spices. originating in india the beverage has gained worldwide popularity, becoming a feature in many coffee and tea houses. the term chai originated from the hindi word chai, which was derived from the chinese word for tea, cha (see etymology of tea). in english, this spiced tea is commonly referred to as masala chai, or simply chai, even though the term refers to tea in general in the original language. according to stories, it originates from modern india and said that the king created masala chai as an ayurvedic energizing and refreshing beverage. numerous coffee houses use the term chai latte or chai tea latte for their version to indicate that it is made with steamed milk, much like that used to make a caffè latte, but mixed with a spiced tea concentrate instead of espresso. by 1994, the term had gained currency on the u.s. coffeehouse scene.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Matoke

Matoke, locally also known as matooke, amatooke in buganda (central uganda), ekitookye in southwestern uganda, ekitooke in western uganda, kamatore in lugisu (eastern uganda), ebitooke in northwestern tanzania, igitoki in rwanda, burundi and by the cultivar name east african highland banana, is a starchy triploid banana cultivar originating from the african great lakes. the fruit is harvested green, carefully peeled, and then cooked and often mashed or pounded into a meal. in uganda and rwanda, the fruit is steam-cooked, and the mashed meal is considered a national dish in both countries.matoke bananas are a staple food crop in uganda, tanzania and other great lakes countries. they are also known as the mutika/lujugira subgroup. the medium-sized green fruits, which are of a specific group of banana, the east african highland bananas (musa aaa-ea), are known in the bantu languages of uganda as matoke. cooking bananas have long been and still are a common staple crop around the lake victoria area of uganda, and in the west and kilimanjaro regions of tanzania.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Matoke

Matoke, locally also known as matooke, amatooke in buganda (central uganda), ekitookye in southwestern uganda, ekitooke in western uganda, kamatore in lugisu (eastern uganda), ebitooke in northwestern tanzania, igitoki in rwanda, burundi and by the cultivar name east african highland banana, is a starchy triploid banana cultivar originating from the african great lakes. the fruit is harvested green, carefully peeled, and then cooked and often mashed or pounded into a meal. in uganda and rwanda, the fruit is steam-cooked, and the mashed meal is considered a national dish in both countries.matoke bananas are a staple food crop in uganda, tanzania and other great lakes countries. they are also known as the mutika/lujugira subgroup. the medium-sized green fruits, which are of a specific group of banana, the east african highland bananas (musa aaa-ea), are known in the bantu languages of uganda as matoke. cooking bananas have long been and still are a common staple crop around the lake victoria area of uganda, and in the west and kilimanjaro regions of tanzania.

Main

Matoke

Matoke, locally also known as matooke, amatooke in buganda (central uganda), ekitookye in southwestern uganda, ekitooke in western uganda, kamatore in lugisu (eastern uganda), ebitooke in northwestern tanzania, igitoki in rwanda, burundi and by the cultivar name east african highland banana, is a starchy triploid banana cultivar originating from the african great lakes. the fruit is harvested green, carefully peeled, and then cooked and often mashed or pounded into a meal. in uganda and rwanda, the fruit is steam-cooked, and the mashed meal is considered a national dish in both countries.matoke bananas are a staple food crop in uganda, tanzania and other great lakes countries. they are also known as the mutika/lujugira subgroup. the medium-sized green fruits, which are of a specific group of banana, the east african highland bananas (musa aaa-ea), are known in the bantu languages of uganda as matoke. cooking bananas have long been and still are a common staple crop around the lake victoria area of uganda, and in the west and kilimanjaro regions of tanzania.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Millet

Millets () are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe paniceae, but some millets also belong to various other taxa. millets are important crops in the semiarid tropics of asia and africa (especially in india, mali, nigeria, and niger), with 97% of millet production in developing countries. this crop is favored due to its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature conditions. millets are indigenous to many parts of the world. the most widely grown millets are sorghum and pearl millets, which are important crops in india and parts of africa. finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species. millets may have been consumed by humans for about 7,000 years and potentially had "a pivotal role in the rise of multi-crop agriculture and settled farming societies."

Main

Mputa

Main

Muchomo

Skewered and roasted meat such as pork, chicken, beef, chicken gizzards, serve with gonja (roasted plantain)

Main

Mukini

Main

Mutton

Lamb, hogget, and mutton, generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep, ovis aries. a sheep in its first year is a lamb and its meat is also lamb. the meat from sheep in their second year is hogget. older sheep meat is mutton. generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside norway, new zealand, south africa and australia. hogget has become more common in england, particularly in the north (lancashire and yorkshire) often in association with rare breed and organic farming. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, "mutton" often means goat meat. at various times and places, "mutton" or "goat mutton" has occasionally been used to mean goat meat.lamb is the most expensive of the three types and in recent decades sheep meat is increasingly only retailed as "lamb", sometimes stretching the accepted distinctions given above. the stronger-tasting mutton is now hard to find in many areas, despite the efforts of the mutton renaissance campaign in the uk. in australia, the term prime lamb is often used to refer to lambs raised for meat. other languages, for example french, spanish, italian and arabic, make similar or even more detailed distinctions among sheep meats by age and sometimes by sex and diet—for example, lechazo in spanish refers to meat from milk-fed (unweaned) lambs.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nsenene

Nsenene is the luganda name for ruspolia differens: a bush cricket (a.k.a. katydids or misnamed "long-horned grasshoppers") in the tribe copiphorini of the 'cone-head' subfamily.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nswaa

White ant, for example, deep-fried

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Orange

An orange is a fruit of various citrus species in the family rutaceae (see list of plants known as orange); it primarily refers to citrus × sinensis, which is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related citrus × aurantium, referred to as bitter orange. the sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations.the orange is a hybrid between pomelo (citrus maxima) and mandarin (citrus reticulata). the chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. the sweet orange has had its full genome sequenced.the orange originated in a region encompassing southern china, northeast india, and myanmar, and the earliest mention of the sweet orange was in chinese literature in 314 bc. as of 1987, orange trees were found to be the most cultivated fruit tree in the world. orange trees are widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates for their sweet fruit. the fruit of the orange tree can be eaten fresh, or processed for its juice or fragrant peel. as of 2012, sweet oranges accounted for approximately 70% of citrus production.in 2019, 79 million tonnes of oranges were grown worldwide, with brazil producing 22% of the total, followed by china and india.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Papaya

The papaya (, us: ) (from carib via spanish), papaw, () or pawpaw () is the plant carica papaya, one of the 22 accepted species in the genus carica of the family caricaceae. it was first domesticated in mesoamerica, within modern-day southern mexico and central america. in 2020, india produced 43% of the world supply of papayas.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Passionfruit

Passiflora edulis, commonly known as passion fruit, is a vine species of passion flower native to southern brazil through paraguay and northern argentina. it is cultivated commercially in tropical and subtropical areas for its sweet, seedy fruit. the fruit is a pepo, a type of berry, round to oval, either yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. the fruit is both eaten and juiced, the juice often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.

Main

Peanut stew

Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also called as maafe (wolof, mafé, maffé, maffe), sauce d'arachide (french), tigadèguèna or domoda, is a stew that is a staple food in western africa. it originates from the mandinka and bambara people of mali.the proper name for it in the mandinka language is domodah or tigadegena (lit. 'peanut butter sauce,' where tige is 'peanut,' dege is 'paste,' and na is 'sauce') in bamanankan.domodah is also used by gambians, having been borrowed from the mandinka language. in senegal domodah or domoda referts to flour-thickened soup or stew, which is different from mafe that uses peanut paste. it is a favorite dish among several senegal and gambia ethnic groups. with the huge expansion of groundnut cultivation during the colonial period, maafe has also become a popular dish across west africa, even outside west africa such as in cameroon and france. variants of the dish appear in the cuisine of nations throughout west africa and central africa. it is very similar to groundnut soup. it may have a thicker consistency. made from lamb, beef, chicken, or without meat, maafe is cooked with a sauce based on groundnuts, especially peanut butter/paste, and tomatoes. in ghana, groundnut stew is often accompanied with fufu.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Peas

The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit pisum sativum. each pod contains several peas, which can be green or yellow. botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. the name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the fabaceae such as the pigeon pea (cajanus cajan), the cowpea (vigna unguiculata), and the seeds from several species of lathyrus. peas are annual plants, with a life cycle of one year. they are a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world; planting can take place from winter to early summer depending on location. the average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 gram. the immature peas (and in snow peas the tender pod as well) are used as a vegetable, fresh, frozen or canned; varieties of the species typically called field peas are grown to produce dry peas like the split pea shelled from a matured pod. these are the basis of pease porridge and pea soup, staples of medieval cuisine; in europe, consuming fresh immature green peas was an innovation of early modern cuisine.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pilau

Pilaf (us spelling) or pilau (uk spelling) is a rice dish, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth, adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables or meat, and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere.at the time of the abbasid caliphate, such methods of cooking rice at first spread through a vast territory from india to spain, and eventually to a wider world. the spanish paella, and the south asian pilau or pulao, and biryani, evolved from such dishes. pilaf and similar dishes are common to balkan, caribbean, south caucasian, central asian, east african, eastern european, latin american, middle eastern, and south asian cuisines. it is a staple food and a popular dish in afghanistan, albania, armenia, azerbaijan, bangladesh, bulgaria, china (notably in xinjiang), cyprus, georgia, greece (notably in crete), india, iraq (notably in kurdistan), iran, israel, kazakhstan, kenya, kyrgyzstan, mongolia, nepal, (pakistani cuisine) pakistan, romania, russia, serbia, sri lanka, tanzania (notably in zanzibar), tajikistan, turkey, turkmenistan, uganda, and uzbekistan.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pineapple

The pineapple (ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family bromeliaceae. the pineapple is indigenous to south america, where it has been cultivated for many centuries. the introduction of the pineapple to europe in the 17th century made it a significant cultural icon of luxury. since the 1820s, pineapple has been commercially grown in greenhouses and many tropical plantations. pineapples grow as a small shrub; the individual flowers of the unpollinated plant fuse to form a multiple fruit. the plant is normally propagated from the offset produced at the top of the fruit, or from a side shoot, and typically mature within a year.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Polony

A bologna-like pork, beef and/or chicken sausage, this processed meat sausage is different from chikanda, also called african polony, which is a vegetarian loaf made from orchid tubers, peanuts, chilies and baking soda

Drink

Pombe

Millet beer, also known as bantu beer, malwa, pombe "tchouk" or opaque beer, is an alcoholic beverage made from malted millet that is common throughout africa. its production process varies across regions and in the southern parts of africa is more commonly known as umqombothi. millet beer varies in taste and alcoholic content between ethnic groups. it is served in calabash gourds.

Main

Pork

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). it is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 bc.pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. ham, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork. charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. pork is the most popular meat in the western world, particularly in central europe. it is also very popular in east and southeast asia (mainland southeast asia, philippines, singapore, east timor, and malaysia). the meat is highly prized in asian cuisines, especially in mainland china, for its fat content and texture. some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably islam and judaism.

Main

Posho

Ugali, or sima, is a type of stiff maize flour porridge made in africa. it is also known as vuswa, bogobe, fufu, gauli, gima, isitshwala, kimnyet, kuon, mieliepap, ngima, nshima, obokima, ovuchima, (o)busuma, oshifima, oruhere, pap, phutu, posho, sadza, ubugali, and umutsima, among other names. sima is sometimes made from other flours, such as millet or sorghum flour, and is sometimes mixed with cassava flour. it is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. in 2017, the dish was added to the unesco representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, one of a few foods in the list.

Breakfast

Posho

Ugali, or sima, is a type of stiff maize flour porridge made in africa. it is also known as vuswa, bogobe, fufu, gauli, gima, isitshwala, kimnyet, kuon, mieliepap, ngima, nshima, obokima, ovuchima, (o)busuma, oshifima, oruhere, pap, phutu, posho, sadza, ubugali, and umutsima, among other names. sima is sometimes made from other flours, such as millet or sorghum flour, and is sometimes mixed with cassava flour. it is cooked in boiling water or milk until it reaches a stiff or firm dough-like consistency. in 2017, the dish was added to the unesco representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity, one of a few foods in the list.

Main

Poultry

Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. these birds are most typically members of the superorder galloanserae (fowl), especially the order galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, and turkeys). the term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. the word "poultry" comes from the french/norman word poule, itself derived from the latin word pullus, which means small animal.the recent genomic study involving the four extant junglefowl species reveal that the domestication of chicken, the most populous poultry species, occurred around 8,000 years ago in southeast asia. although this was believed to have occurred later around 5,400 years ago in southeast asia. this may have originally been as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild, but later involved keeping the birds permanently in captivity. domesticated chickens may have been used for cockfighting at first and quail kept for their songs, but soon it was realised how useful it was having a captive-bred source of food. selective breeding for fast growth, egg-laying ability, conformation, plumage and docility took place over the centuries, and modern breeds often look very different from their wild ancestors. although some birds are still kept in small flocks in extensive systems, most birds available in the market today are reared in intensive commercial enterprises. together with pig meat, poultry is one of the two most widely eaten types of meat globally, with over 70% of the meat supply in 2012 between them; poultry provides nutritionally beneficial food containing high-quality protein accompanied by a low proportion of fat. all poultry meat should be properly handled and sufficiently cooked in order to reduce the risk of food poisoning. semi-vegetarians who consume poultry as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pollotarianism. the word "poultry" comes from the west & english "pultrie", from old french pouletrie, from pouletier, poultry dealer, from poulet, pullet. the word "pullet" itself comes from middle english pulet, from old french polet, both from latin pullus, a young fowl, young animal or chicken. the word "fowl" is of germanic origin (cf. old english fugol, german vogel, danish fugl).

Main

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Roasted groundnuts

Roasted peanuts

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rolex

Ugandan rolex, commonly referred to as rolex, is a popular food item in uganda, combining an egg omelette and vegetables wrapped in a chapati. this single-portion dish is quick to prepare, and can be eaten at any time of the day, from breakfast to a lunch or supper meal or snack. the name "rolex" comes from its method of preparation, with the chapati and the omelette rolled together ("rolled eggs").this idea originated from a chapati seller's creativity in the busoga region "the basoga" then the idea spread to wandegeya next to makerere university in uganda, fueled by students who needed a quick meal because of time and budget limitations. the delicacy soon spread throughout uganda. it became a popular food choice for its combination of convenience, low cost, and taste.other terms and variations related to rolex include: "titanic": two or more chapatis used together in rolling the portion. "kikomando": the chapati is sliced and mixed with beans. this name is inspired by the commando soldier or unit eating quickly in the field. it can also refer to someone unafraid of getting messy by eating street food with their hands.

Breakfast

Rolex

Ugandan rolex, commonly referred to as rolex, is a popular food item in uganda, combining an egg omelette and vegetables wrapped in a chapati. this single-portion dish is quick to prepare, and can be eaten at any time of the day, from breakfast to a lunch or supper meal or snack. the name "rolex" comes from its method of preparation, with the chapati and the omelette rolled together ("rolled eggs").this idea originated from a chapati seller's creativity in the busoga region "the basoga" then the idea spread to wandegeya next to makerere university in uganda, fueled by students who needed a quick meal because of time and budget limitations. the delicacy soon spread throughout uganda. it became a popular food choice for its combination of convenience, low cost, and taste.other terms and variations related to rolex include: "titanic": two or more chapatis used together in rolling the portion. "kikomando": the chapati is sliced and mixed with beans. this name is inspired by the commando soldier or unit eating quickly in the field. it can also refer to someone unafraid of getting messy by eating street food with their hands.

Main

Ruminants

Ruminants (suborder ruminantia) are hoofed herbivorous grazing or browsing mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions. the process, which takes place in the front part of the digestive system and therefore is called foregut fermentation, typically requires the fermented ingesta (known as cud) to be regurgitated and chewed again. the process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination. the word "ruminant" comes from the latin ruminare, which means "to chew over again". the roughly 200 species of ruminants include both domestic and wild species. ruminating mammals include cattle, all domesticated and wild bovines, goats, sheep, giraffes, deer, gazelles, and antelopes. it has also been suggested that notoungulates also relied on rumination, as opposed to other atlantogenates that rely on the more typical hindgut fermentation, though this is not entirely certain.taxonomically, the suborder ruminantia is a lineage of herbivorous artiodactyls that includes the most advanced and widespread of the world's ungulates. the suborder ruminantia includes six different families: tragulidae, giraffidae, antilocapridae, moschidae, cervidae, and bovidae.