Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ai manas

A spicy chili paste made with chili peppers, garlic, onions, basil, ginger, bilimbi, lemon or lime juice and/or zest

Main

Akar

Flatbread made from dried palm tree bark powder, common during the dry season of nov-feb

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Anchovy

An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family engraulidae. most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in south america are restricted to fresh water.more than 140 species are placed in 17 genera; they are found in the atlantic, indian and pacific oceans, and in the black sea and the mediterranean sea. anchovies are usually classified as oily fish.

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Banana

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus musa. in some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. the fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. the fruits grow upward in clusters near the top of the plant. almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – musa acuminata and musa balbisiana. the scientific names of most cultivated bananas are musa acuminata, musa balbisiana, and musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid musa acuminata × m. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. the old scientific name for this hybrid, musa sapientum, is no longer used. musa species are native to tropical indomalaya and australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in papua new guinea. they are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. the world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were india and china, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production.worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". especially in the americas and europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. by contrast, musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". in other regions, such as southeast asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not as useful and is not made in local languages. the term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. this can extend to other members of the genus musa, such as the scarlet banana (musa coccinea), the pink banana (musa velutina), and the fe'i bananas. it can also refer to members of the genus ensete, such as the snow banana (ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (ensete ventricosum). both genera are in the banana family, musaceae.

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Batar da'an

Stewed corn, squash and beans (e.g., mung, kidney), serve with rice

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Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Drink

Beer

Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. it is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. during the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer. most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent. other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops. in commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the code of hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "the hymn to ninkasi", a prayer to the mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. the brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. the strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (abv), although it may vary between 0.5% and 20%, with some breweries creating examples of 40% abv and above.beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as a rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling, pub quizzes and pub games. when beer is distilled, the resulting liquor is a form of whisky.

Dessert, Sweet

Bibingka

Bibingka (; bi-beeng-kah) commonly refers to a type of baked rice cake from the philippines that is traditionally cooked in a terracotta oven lined with banana leaves and is usually eaten for breakfast or as merienda (mid-afternoon snack) especially during the christmas season. it can also be used as a general term referring to other filipino baked rice cakes products, for example, those made with cassava flour (bibingkang cassava / bibingkang kamoteng kahoy), glutinous rice (bibingkang malagkit), or plain flour.bibingka is also found in east timor and christian communities in eastern indonesia.

Breakfast

Bibingka

Bibingka (; bi-beeng-kah) commonly refers to a type of baked rice cake from the philippines that is traditionally cooked in a terracotta oven lined with banana leaves and is usually eaten for breakfast or as merienda (mid-afternoon snack) especially during the christmas season. it can also be used as a general term referring to other filipino baked rice cakes products, for example, those made with cassava flour (bibingkang cassava / bibingkang kamoteng kahoy), glutinous rice (bibingkang malagkit), or plain flour.bibingka is also found in east timor and christian communities in eastern indonesia.

Main

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Budu

Budu (jawi: بودو; thai: บูดู, rtgs: budu, pronounced [būːdūː]) is an anchovies sauce and one of the best known fermented seafood products in kelantan, terengganu in malaysia, southern thailand and natuna islands in indonesia (where it is called pedek or pedok) and south sumatra, bangka island and western kalimantan of indonesia (where it is called rusip). it is mentioned in a grammar and dictionary of the malay language, with a preliminary dissertation, volume 2, by john crawfurd, published in 1852.

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Caril de camarão

Prawn curry

Main

Caril de galinha

Chicken coconut curry

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Cassava

Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names) is a woody shrub of the spurge family, euphorbiaceae, native to south america. although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. though it is often called yuca in parts of spanish america and in the united states, it is not related to yucca, a shrub in the family asparagaceae. cassava is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but substantial quantities are used to extract cassava starch, called tapioca, which is used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. the brazilian farinha, and the related garri of west africa, is an edible coarse flour obtained by grating cassava roots, pressing moisture off the obtained grated pulp, and finally drying it (and roasting both in the case of farinha and garri). cassava is the third-largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize. cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people. it is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while thailand is the largest exporter of cassava starch. cassava is classified as either sweet or bitter. like other roots and tubers, both bitter and sweet varieties of cassava contain antinutritional factors and toxins, with the bitter varieties containing much larger amounts. it must be properly prepared before consumption, as improper preparation of cassava can leave enough residual cyanide to cause acute cyanide intoxication, goiters, and even ataxia, partial paralysis, or death. the more toxic varieties of cassava are a fall-back resource (a "food security crop") in times of famine or food insecurity in some places. farmers often prefer the bitter varieties because they deter pests, animals, and thieves.

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Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chorizo

Chorizo (, from spanish [tʃoˈɾiθo]; similar to but distinct from portuguese chouriço [ʃo(w)ˈɾisu]) is a type of pork sausage originating from the iberian peninsula. in europe, chorizo is a fermented, cured, smoked sausage, which may be sliced and eaten without cooking, or added as an ingredient to add flavor to other dishes. elsewhere, some sausages sold as chorizo may not be fermented and cured, and require cooking before eating. spanish chorizo and portuguese chouriço are distinctly different sausages, despite both getting their smokiness and deep red color from dried, smoked, red peppers (pimentón/pimentão).chorizo is eaten sliced in a sandwich, grilled, fried, or simmered in liquid, including apple cider or other strong alcoholic beverages such as aguardiente. it is also used as a partial replacement for ground (minced) beef or pork.

Drink

Coconut water

Coconut water (also coconut juice) is the clear liquid inside coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). in early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. as growth continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. the liquid inside young coconuts is often preferred to the liquid of a ripened coconut. coconut water from young green coconuts is also known specifically as buko juice in philippine english.

Drink

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Main

Corn

Maize ( mayz; zea mays subsp. mays, from spanish: maíz after taino: mahiz), also known as corn (north american and australian english), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern mexico about 10,000 years ago. the leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits.maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. in addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and corn syrup. the six major types of maize are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn. sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn are usually grown for human consumption as kernels, while field corn varieties are used for animal feed, various corn-based human food uses (including grinding into cornmeal or masa, pressing into corn oil, fermentation and distillation into alcoholic beverages like bourbon whiskey), and as feedstocks for the chemical industry. maize is also used in making ethanol and other biofuels. maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. in 2014, total world production was 1.04 billion tonnes. maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states alone in 2014. genetically modified maize made up 85% of the maize planted in the united states in 2009. subsidies in the united states help to account for its high level of cultivation of maize and its position as the largest producer in the world.

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Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (greek: βραχύς, romanized: brachys = short, οὐρά / οura = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. they live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. they first appeared during the jurassic period.

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Deer

Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family cervidae. the two main groups of deer are the cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the capreolinae, including the reindeer (caribou), white-tailed deer, the roe deer, and the moose. male deer of all species (except the water deer) as well as female reindeer, grow and shed new antlers each year. in this they differ from permanently horned antelope, which are part of a different family (bovidae) within the same order of even-toed ungulates (artiodactyla). the musk deer (moschidae) of asia and chevrotains (tragulidae) of tropical african and asian forests are separate families that are also in the ruminant clade ruminantia; they are not especially closely related to cervidae. deer appear in art from paleolithic cave paintings onwards, and they have played a role in mythology, religion, and literature throughout history, as well as in heraldry, such as red deer that appear in the coat of arms of åland. their economic importance includes the use of their meat as venison, their skins as soft, strong buckskin, and their antlers as handles for knives. deer hunting has been a popular activity since the middle ages and remains a resource for many families today.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Eggs

Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, a few mammals, and fish, and many of these have been eaten by humans for thousands of years. bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. the most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs. other poultry eggs including those of duck and quail also are eaten. fish eggs are called roe and caviar. egg yolks and whole eggs store significant amounts of protein and choline, and are widely used in cookery. due to their protein content, the united states department of agriculture formerly categorized eggs as meats within the food guide pyramid (now myplate). despite the nutritional value of eggs, there are some potential health issues arising from cholesterol content, salmonella contamination, and allergy to egg proteins. chickens and other egg-laying creatures are kept widely throughout the world and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. in 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. there are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. in 2012, the european union banned battery husbandry of chickens.

Main

Feijoada

Feijoada (portuguese pronunciation: [fejʒuˈadɐ]) is a stew of beans with beef and pork. the name feijoada comes from feijão, 'bean' in portuguese. it is widely prepared in the portuguese-speaking world, with slight variations.the basic ingredients of feijoada are beans and fresh pork or beef. in brazil, it is usually made with black beans (feijoada à brasileira). the stew is best prepared over low heat in a thick clay pot. it is usually served with rice and assorted sausages such as chouriço, morcela (blood sausage), farinheira, and others, which may or may not be cooked in the stew.

Main

Fish

Fried, grilled, stewed

Main

Fruit

Bananas, breadfruit, cantaloupe, coconut, guava, limes, mango, melongs, oranges, papaya, pineapple, watermelon

Drink

Fruit juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.

Main

Goat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (capra aegagrus hircus). the common name for goat meat is simply "goat", though meat from adult goats is referred to as chevon, while that from young goats can be called capretto (it.), cabrito (sp. and por.) or kid. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, mutton commonly means goat meat. in south asia, where mutton curry is popular, "mutton" is used for both goat and lamb meat. the culinary name "chevon", a blend of chèvre 'goat' and mouton 'sheep', was coined in 1922 and selected by a trade association; it was adopted by the united states department of agriculture in 1928.: 19  according to market research, consumers in the united states prefer "chevon" to "goat" "cabrito", a word of spanish and portuguese origin, refers specifically to the meat of a young, milk-fed goat. it is also known as chivo.

Main

Ikan pepes

Marinated fish cooked inside banana leaves

Main

Ikan sabuko

Spanish mackerel in a spicy tamarind and basil sauce

Main

Instant noodles

Instant noodles, or instant ramen, is a type of fast food consisting of noodles sold in a precooked and dried block with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil. the dried noodle block was originally created by flash frying cooked noodles, and this is still the main method used in asian countries; air-dried noodle blocks are favored in western countries. dried noodle blocks are designed to be cooked or soaked in boiling water before eating. ramen, a japanese adaptation of chinese noodle soup, is sometimes used as a descriptor for instant noodle flavors by some japanese manufacturers. it has become synonymous in the united states for all instant noodle products. instant noodles were invented by momofuku ando of nissin foods in japan. they were launched in 1958 under the brand name chikin ramen. in 1971, nissin introduced cup noodles, the first cup noodle product. instant noodles are marketed worldwide under many brand names. the main ingredients in instant noodles are flour, starch, water, salt and/or kansui (a type of alkaline mineral water containing sodium carbonate and usually potassium carbonate), and sometimes a small amount of phosphoric acid. common ingredients in the flavoring powder are salt, monosodium glutamate, seasoning, and sugar. the flavoring is usually in a separate packet, although in the case of cup noodles, it is often loose in the cup. some instant noodle products are seal-packed; these can be reheated or eaten straight from the packet/container.

Main

Kangkong stir fry

Ipomoea aquatica, most widely known as kangkong (also spelled kangkung) or water spinach, is a semi-aquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots. i. aquatica is generally believed to have been first domesticated in southeast asia. it is widely cultivated in southeast asia, east asia, and south asia. it grows abundantly near waterways and requires little to no care.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Katupa

Coconut rice cooked in palm or banana leaves

Main

Mackerel

Mackerel is an important food fish that is consumed worldwide. as an oily fish, it is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. the flesh of mackerel spoils quickly, especially in the tropics, and can cause scombroid food poisoning. accordingly, it should be eaten on the day of capture, unless properly refrigerated or cured.

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Mie goreng

Mie goreng (indonesian: mie goreng or mi goreng; meaning "fried noodles"), also known as bakmi goreng, is an indonesian style of stir-fried noodle dish. it is made with thin yellow noodles stir fried in cooking oil with garlic, onion or shallots, fried prawn, chicken, beef, or sliced bakso (meatballs), chili, chinese cabbage, cabbages, tomatoes, egg, and other vegetables. ubiquitous in indonesia, it is sold by food vendors from street-hawkers, warungs, to high-end restaurants.

Drink

Milk

Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. it is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. immune factors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose.the us cdc recommends that children over the age of 12 months should have two servings of dairy milk products a day.as an agricultural product, dairy milk is collected from farm animals. in 2011, dairy farms produced around 730 million tonnes (800 million short tons) of milk from 260 million dairy cows. india is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other milk products. because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy products within india, it could eventually become a net importer of dairy products. new zealand, germany and the netherlands are the largest exporters of milk products.more than six billion people worldwide consume milk and milk products, and between 750 and 900 million people live in dairy-farming households.

Main

Moringa

Leaves, pods, seeds, bark, flowers and fruit from the drumstick tree, used in curry, stewed, chutney, stir fry, tea, cake, bread, smoothies

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Nasi goreng

Nasi goreng (english pronunciation: ) is a southeast asian fried rice dish, usually cooked with pieces of meat and vegetables. one of indonesia's national dishes, it is also endemic in malay-speaking communities in countries such as malaysia, singapore and brunei, and has gained popularity in sri lanka through migrations from the malay archipelago, in countries like suriname via indonesian immigrant communities, and in the netherlands through its colonial ties with indonesia. nasi goreng is distinguished from other asian fried rice preparations by its distinct smoky aroma, and caramelised yet savoury undertones of flavour. there is no single defined recipe for nasi goreng, and its composition and preparation varies greatly from household to household. nasi goreng has long been considered an important staple of indonesian cuisine. in 2018, it is officially recognized by the indonesian government as one of the country's five national dishes. a ubiquitous meal throughout indonesia, particularly for breakfast, it can be enjoyed in simple versions from a tin plate at a roadside food stall, eaten on porcelain in restaurants, or collected from the buffet tables of dinner parties in urban cities like jakarta. premixed packaged seasonings for nasi goreng are widely available for purchase, and microwave-heated frozen versions of nasi goreng may be found in convenience store outlets throughout indonesia.

Dessert, Sweet

Nuu-tein

Dried coconut flesh mixed with coconut oil

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Nuu-tein

Dried coconut flesh mixed with coconut oil

Drink

Palm wine

Palm wine, known by several local names, is an alcoholic beverage created from the sap of various species of palm tree such as the palmyra, date palms, and coconut palms. it is known by various names in different regions and is common in various parts of africa, the caribbean, south america, south asia, southeast asia and micronesia. palm wine production by smallholders and individual farmers may promote conservation as palm trees become a source of regular household income that may economically be worth more than the value of timber sold.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pao jiao

Sour and spicy pickled chili peppers

Dessert, Sweet

Pastel de nata

Pastel de nata (portuguese pronunciation: [pɐʃˈtɛɫ dɨ ˈnatɐ] (plural: pastéis de nata; [-ˈtɛjʃ-], [-ˈtɐjʃ-])) is a portuguese egg custard tart pastry, optionally dusted with cinnamon. the dish is popular also in countries with historical ties to portugal.

Main

Pepes

Pepes is an indonesian cooking method using banana leaves as food wrappings. the banana-leaf package containing food is secured with lidi seumat (a small nail made from the central ribs of coconut leaves), and then steamed or grilled on charcoal. this cooking technique allows the rich spice mixture to be compressed against the main ingredients inside the individual banana-leaf package while being cooked, and also adds a distinct aroma of cooked or burned banana leaf. although being cooked simultaneously with food, the banana leaf is a non-edible material and is discarded after consuming the food.

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Pork

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). it is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 bc.pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. ham, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork. charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. pork is the most popular meat in the western world, particularly in central europe. it is also very popular in east and southeast asia (mainland southeast asia, philippines, singapore, east timor, and malaysia). the meat is highly prized in asian cuisines, especially in mainland china, for its fat content and texture. some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably islam and judaism.

Drink

Port wine

Port wine (also known as vinho do porto, portuguese pronunciation: [ˌviɲu duˈpoɾtu], or simply port) is a portuguese fortified wine produced in the douro valley of northern portugal. it is typically a sweet red wine, often served with dessert, although it also comes in dry, semi-dry, and white varieties. other port-style fortified wines are produced outside portugal, in argentina, australia, canada, france, india, south africa, spain, and the united states, but under the european union protected designation of origin guidelines, only wines from portugal are allowed to be labelled "port".

Main

Prawn

Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (which is a member of the order decapoda), some of which can be eaten.the term "prawn" is used particularly in the united kingdom, ireland, and commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry. shrimp that are present in this category often belong to the suborder dendrobranchiata. in north america, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. the terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. over the years, the way they are used has changed, and in contemporary usage the terms are almost interchangeable.

Dessert, Sweet

Pudim de coco

Coconut pudding

Main

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

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Root vegetables

Root vegetables are underground plant parts eaten by humans as food. although botany distinguishes true roots (such as taproots and tuberous roots) from non-roots (such as bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers, although some contain both hypocotyl and taproot tissue), the term "root vegetable" is applied to all these types in agricultural and culinary usage (see terminology).root vegetables are generally storage organs, enlarged to store energy in the form of carbohydrates. they differ in the concentration and the balance among starches, sugars, and other types of carbohydrate. of particular economic importance are those with a high carbohydrate concentration in the form of starch; starchy root vegetables are important staple foods, particularly in tropical regions, overshadowing cereals throughout much of central africa, west africa and oceania, where they are used directly or mashed to make foods such as fufu or poi. many root vegetables keep well in root cellars, lasting several months. this is one way of storing food for use long after harvest, which is especially important in nontropical latitudes, where winter is traditionally a time of little to no harvesting. there are also season extension methods that can extend the harvest throughout the winter, mostly through the use of polytunnels.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Roti paun

Portuguese sweet bread (portuguese: pão doce "sweet bread" or massa sovada "kneaded dough") is a bread made with milk, sugar, eggs, yeast, flour and sometimes lemon peel to produce a subtly sweet lightly textured loaf or rolls. a slightly different recipe is made during easter that is known as folar and often contains a hard-boiled egg. the bread was brought to hawaii by portuguese immigrants from madeira and the azores, under the name hawaiian rolls, and are now considered a quintessential dish in hawaiian cuisine and widely eaten throughout the united states.portuguese sweet bread is traditionally made in madeira and the azores around christmas, and the easter version is made around easter, but it is also available year-round on the islands. it is uncommon to find this type of bread in mainland portugal. it is traditionally baked in a stone oven known as a forno.the bread is usually served simply with butter and is sometimes served with a rice pudding known as arroz doce. portuguese sweet bread is common in areas with large populations of portuguese americans and portuguese canadians, such as new england, hawaii, northern new jersey, southern florida, california, and ontario, canada especially toronto, and it is prominent in hawaiian and new england cuisines. at one time, hawaii featured numerous fornos for baking portuguese breads constructed by portuguese immigrants. the california-based company king's hawaiian and numerous regional bakeries produce portuguese sweet bread.

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Satay

Satay ( sah-tay, in usa also sa-tay), or sate in indonesian spelling, is a southeast asian dish of seasoned, skewered and grilled meat, served with a sauce. the earliest preparations of satay is believed to have originated in javanese cuisine, but has spread to almost anywhere in indonesia, where it has become a national dish. indonesian satay is often served with peanut sauce – a sauce made from peanut butter, and is often accompanied with lontong, a type of rice cake, though the diversity of the country has produced a wide variety of satay recipes. it is also popular in many other southeast asian countries including brunei, malaysia, philippines, singapore and thailand. it also recognized and popular in suriname and the netherlands. in sri lanka, it has become a staple of the local diet as a result of the influences from the local malay community.satay may consist of diced or sliced chicken, goat, mutton, beef, pork, fish, other meats, or tofu; bamboo skewers are often used, while rustic style of preparations employ skewers from the midrib of the coconut palm frond. these are grilled or barbecued over a wood or charcoal fire, then served with various spicy seasonings. satay can be served in various sauces; however, most often they are served in a combination of soy and peanut sauce. hence, peanut sauce is often called satay sauce. it is popular as street food, and it can be obtained from a travelling satay vendor, from a street-side tent-restaurant, in an upper-class restaurant, or at traditional celebration feasts. close analogues are yakitori from japan, kǎoròu chuàn from china, seekh kebab from the indian subcontinent, shish kebab from turkey and the middle east, shashlik from eastern europe and the caucasus, and sosatie from south africa. it is listed at number 14 on world's 50 most delicious foods readers' poll compiled by cnn go in 2011.

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Seafood

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in asia. seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. the harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals. some seafoods (i.e. kelp) are used as food for other plants (a fertilizer). in these ways, seafoods are used to produce further food for human consumption. also, products such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are extracted from seafoods. some seafood is fed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets such as cats. a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for nonfood purposes (e.g. leather).

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Snapper

Drink

Soft drinks

A soft drink (see § terminology for other names) is a drink that usually contains water (often carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural and/or artificial flavoring. the sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, a sugar substitute (in the case of diet drinks), or some combination of these. soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives, and/or other ingredients. soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast with "hard" alcoholic drinks. small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume of the drink in many countries and localities if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic. types of soft drinks include lemon-lime drinks, orange soda, cola, grape soda, ginger ale, and root beer. soft drinks may be served cold, over ice cubes, or at room temperature. they are available in many container formats, including cans, glass bottles, and plastic bottles. containers come in a variety of sizes, ranging from small bottles to large multi-liter containers. soft drinks are widely available at fast food restaurants, movie theaters, convenience stores, casual-dining restaurants, dedicated soda stores, vending machines, and bars from soda fountain machines. within a decade of the invention of carbonated water by joseph priestley in 1767 inventors in britain and in europe had used his concept to produce the drink in greater quantities, with one such inventor, j. j. schweppe, forming schweppes in 1783 and selling the world's first bottled soft drink. soft drink brands founded in the 19th century include r. white's lemonade in 1845, dr pepper in 1885 and coca-cola in 1886. subsequent brands include pepsi, irn-bru, sprite, fanta and 7 up.

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Sweet potato

The sweet potato or sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, convolvulaceae. its large, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous roots are used as a root vegetable. the young shoots and leaves are sometimes eaten as greens. cultivars of the sweet potato have been bred to bear tubers with flesh and skin of various colors. sweet potato is only distantly related to the common potato (solanum tuberosum), both being in the order solanales. although darker sweet potatoes are often referred to as "yams" in parts of north america, the species is not a true yam, which are monocots in the order dioscoreales.sweet potato is native to the tropical regions of the americas. of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of convolvulaceae, i. batatas is the only crop plant of major importance—some others are used locally (e.g., i. aquatica "kangkong"), but many are poisonous. the genus ipomoea that contains the sweet potato also includes several garden flowers called morning glories, though that term is not usually extended to i. batatas. some cultivars of i. batatas are grown as ornamental plants under the name tuberous morning glory, and used in a horticultural context.

Dessert, Sweet

Tapai

Tapai (also tapay or tape) is a traditional fermented preparation of rice or other starchy foods, and is found throughout much of southeast asia, especially in austronesian cultures, and parts of east asia. it refers to both the alcoholic paste and the alcoholic beverage derived from it. it has a sweet or sour taste and can be eaten as is, as ingredients for traditional recipes, or fermented further to make rice wine (which in some cultures is also called tapai). tapai is traditionally made with white rice or glutinous rice, but can also be made from a variety of carbohydrate sources, including cassava and potatoes. fermentation is performed by a variety of moulds including aspergillus oryzae, rhizopus oryzae, amylomyces rouxii or mucor species, and yeasts including saccharomyces cerevisiae, and saccharomycopsis fibuliger, endomycopsis burtonii and others, along with bacteria.

Drink

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

Drink

Tiger beer

Tiger beer is a brand of beer from singapore and is produced by heineken asia pacific, part of heineken. according to brand finance’s top 100 singapore brands 2012 report, tiger is amongst singapore’s top 10 most valuable brands.

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Tukir

Marinated meat such as buffalo, deer or lamb slow-roasted inside bamboo over coals

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Tuna

A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe thunnini, a subgrouping of the scombridae (mackerel) family. the thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: 50 cm or 1.6 ft, weight: 1.8 kg or 4 lb) up to the atlantic bluefin tuna (max length: 4.6 m or 15 ft, weight: 684 kg or 1,508 lb), which averages 2 m (6.6 ft) and is believed to live up to 50 years. tuna, opah and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. an active and agile predator, the tuna has a sleek, streamlined body, and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish – the yellowfin tuna, for example, is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h (47 mph). greatly inflated speeds can be found in early scientific reports and are still widely reported in the popular literature.found in warm seas, the tuna is commercially fished extensively as a food fish, and is popular as a bluewater game fish. as a result of overfishing, some tuna species, such as the southern bluefin tuna, are threatened with extinction.

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Vegetables

Beans, cabbage, cassava, chili peppers, corn, cowpeas, garlic, kang kong (greens), kumbili (yam-like tuber), mung beans, onions, pulses (lentils), pumpkin, red beans, shallots, soy beans, spinach, sweet peppers, sweet potatoes, taro, tomatoes

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Water buffalo

The water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), also called the domestic water buffalo or asian water buffalo, is a large bovid originating in the indian subcontinent and southeast asia. today, it is also found in europe, australia, north america, south america and some african countries. two extant types of water buffalo are recognized, based on morphological and behavioural criteria: the river buffalo of the indian subcontinent and further west to the balkans, egypt and italy and the swamp buffalo, found from assam in the west through southeast asia to the yangtze valley of china in the east.the wild water buffalo (bubalus arnee) most likely represents the ancestor of the domestic water buffalo. results of a phylogenetic study indicate that the river-type water buffalo probably originated in western india and was domesticated about 6,300 years ago, whereas the swamp-type originated independently from mainland southeast asia and was domesticated about 3,000 to 7,000 years ago. the river buffalo dispersed west as far as egypt, the balkans, and italy; while swamp buffalo dispersed to the rest of southeast asia and up to the yangtze river valley.water buffaloes were traded from the indus valley civilisation to mesopotamia, in modern iraq, 2500 bc by the meluhhas. the seal of a scribe employed by an akkadian king shows the sacrifice of water buffaloes.at least 130 million water buffaloes exist, and more people depend on them than on any other domestic animal. they are especially suitable for tilling rice fields, and their milk is richer in fat and protein than that of dairy cattle. a large feral population became established in northern australia in the late 19th century, and there are smaller feral herds in papua new guinea, tunisia and northeastern argentina. feral herds are also present in new britain, new ireland, irian jaya, colombia, guyana, suriname, brazil, and uruguay.

Drink

Wine

Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. these differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. these typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. wines not made from grapes involve fermentation of other crops including rice wine and other fruit wines such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, currant and elderberry. wine has been produced for thousands of years. the earliest evidence of wine is from the caucasus region in today's georgia (6000 bce), persia (5000 bce), and italy (4000 bce). new world wine has some connection to alcoholic beverages made by the indigenous peoples of the americas, but is mainly connected to later spanish traditions in new spain. later, as old world wine further developed viticulture techniques, europe would encompass three of the largest wine-producing regions. today, the five countries with the largest wine-producing regions are in italy, spain, france, the united states, and china.wine has long played an important role in religion. red wine was associated with blood by the ancient egyptians and was used by both the greek cult of dionysus and the romans in their bacchanalia; judaism also incorporates it in the kiddush, and christianity in the eucharist. egyptian, greek, roman, and israeli wine cultures are still connected to these ancient roots. similarly the largest wine regions in italy, spain, and france have heritages in connection to sacramental wine, likewise, viticulture traditions in the southwestern united states started within new spain as catholic friars and monks first produced wines in new mexico and california.