Side, Snack, Appetizer

Agidi

Cornmeal dough cooked in uma or banana leaves

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Akara

Àkàrà (yoruba)(hausa: kosai, portuguese: acarajé (portuguese pronunciation: [akaɾaˈʒɛ] (listen)) is a type of fritter made from cowpeas or beans (black eye peas). it is found throughout west african, caribbean, and brazilian cuisines. the dish is traditionally encountered in brazil's northeastern state of bahia, especially in the city of salvador. acarajé serves as both a religious offering to the gods in the candomblé religion and as street food. the dish was brought by enslaved peoples from west africa, and can still be found in various forms in nigeria, ghana, togo, benin, mali, gambia, burkina faso and sierra leone.akara is made from peeled beans (black eye peas), washed and ground with pepper, and other preferred seasonings, then beaten to aerate them, and deep fried in small balls.brazilian acarajé is made from cooked and mashed cowpeas that are seasoned with salt and chopped onions molded into the shape of a large scone and deep-fried in dendê with a wok-like pan in front of the customers. it is served split in half and stuffed with vatapá and caruru – spicy pastes made from shrimp, ground cashews, palm oil and other ingredients. a vegetarian version is typically served with hot peppers and green tomatoes. acarajé can also come in a second form called abara, where the ingredients are boiled instead of deep-fried.

Breakfast

Akara

Àkàrà (yoruba)(hausa: kosai, portuguese: acarajé (portuguese pronunciation: [akaɾaˈʒɛ] (listen)) is a type of fritter made from cowpeas or beans (black eye peas). it is found throughout west african, caribbean, and brazilian cuisines. the dish is traditionally encountered in brazil's northeastern state of bahia, especially in the city of salvador. acarajé serves as both a religious offering to the gods in the candomblé religion and as street food. the dish was brought by enslaved peoples from west africa, and can still be found in various forms in nigeria, ghana, togo, benin, mali, gambia, burkina faso and sierra leone.akara is made from peeled beans (black eye peas), washed and ground with pepper, and other preferred seasonings, then beaten to aerate them, and deep fried in small balls.brazilian acarajé is made from cooked and mashed cowpeas that are seasoned with salt and chopped onions molded into the shape of a large scone and deep-fried in dendê with a wok-like pan in front of the customers. it is served split in half and stuffed with vatapá and caruru – spicy pastes made from shrimp, ground cashews, palm oil and other ingredients. a vegetarian version is typically served with hot peppers and green tomatoes. acarajé can also come in a second form called abara, where the ingredients are boiled instead of deep-fried.

Main

Akpan

Akpan, also known as akassa, is a fermented maize yogurt. a product of togolese and beninese cuisine, it is considered a dessert.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Akpan

Akpan, also known as akassa, is a fermented maize yogurt. a product of togolese and beninese cuisine, it is considered a dessert.

Dessert, Sweet

Banana cakes

Banana fritters

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Banana fritters

A banana fritter is a fritter made by deep frying battered banana or plantain in hot oil. it is a common dish across southeast asia and the indian subcontinent.

Main

Bean stew

Main

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Dessert, Sweet

Beignets

Beignet ( ben-yay, also us: bayn-yay, ben-yay, french: [bɛɲɛ]; lit. 'bump') is a type of fritter, or deep-fried pastry, typically made from pâte à choux, but may also be made from other types of dough, including yeast dough. it is popular in french, italian and french-american cuisines.

Dessert, Sweet

Benni cakes

Sesame seed snacks

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Binch

Beans

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Binch and rice

Stewed beans and rice

Breakfast

Binch and rice

Stewed beans and rice

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Black-eyed pea

The black-eyed pea or black-eyed bean is a legume grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean. it is a subspecies of the cowpea, an old world plant domesticated in africa, and is sometimes simply called a cowpea. the common commercial variety is called the california blackeye; it is pale-colored with a prominent black spot. the american south has countless varieties, many of them heirloom, that vary in size from the small lady peas to very large ones. the color of the eye may be black, brown, red, pink, or green. all the peas are green when freshly shelled and brown or buff when dried. a popular variation of the black-eyed pea is the purple hull pea or mud-in-your-eye pea; it is usually green with a prominent purple or pink spot. the currently accepted botanical name for the black-eyed pea is vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata, although previously it was classified in the genus phaseolus. vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana is the wild relative and vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis is the related asparagus bean. other beans of somewhat similar appearance, such as the frijol ojo de cabra (goat's-eye bean) of northern mexico, are sometimes incorrectly called black-eyed peas, and vice versa.

Main

Black-eyed pea and sweet potato stew

The black-eyed pea or black-eyed bean is a legume grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean. it is a subspecies of the cowpea, an old world plant domesticated in africa, and is sometimes simply called a cowpea. the common commercial variety is called the california blackeye; it is pale-colored with a prominent black spot. the american south has countless varieties, many of them heirloom, that vary in size from the small lady peas to very large ones. the color of the eye may be black, brown, red, pink, or green. all the peas are green when freshly shelled and brown or buff when dried. a popular variation of the black-eyed pea is the purple hull pea or mud-in-your-eye pea; it is usually green with a prominent purple or pink spot. the currently accepted botanical name for the black-eyed pea is vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata, although previously it was classified in the genus phaseolus. vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana is the wild relative and vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis is the related asparagus bean. other beans of somewhat similar appearance, such as the frijol ojo de cabra (goat's-eye bean) of northern mexico, are sometimes incorrectly called black-eyed peas, and vice versa.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Boiled egg

Boiled eggs are eggs, typically from a chicken, cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water. hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify, while soft-boiled eggs may leave the yolk, and sometimes the white, at least partially liquid and raw. boiled eggs are a popular breakfast food around the world. besides a boiling water immersion, there are a few different methods to make boiled eggs. eggs can also be cooked below the boiling temperature, i.e. coddling, or they can be steamed. the egg timer was named for commonly being used to time the boiling of eggs.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cassava

Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names) is a woody shrub of the spurge family, euphorbiaceae, native to south america. although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. though it is often called yuca in parts of spanish america and in the united states, it is not related to yucca, a shrub in the family asparagaceae. cassava is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but substantial quantities are used to extract cassava starch, called tapioca, which is used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. the brazilian farinha, and the related garri of west africa, is an edible coarse flour obtained by grating cassava roots, pressing moisture off the obtained grated pulp, and finally drying it (and roasting both in the case of farinha and garri). cassava is the third-largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize. cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people. it is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while thailand is the largest exporter of cassava starch. cassava is classified as either sweet or bitter. like other roots and tubers, both bitter and sweet varieties of cassava contain antinutritional factors and toxins, with the bitter varieties containing much larger amounts. it must be properly prepared before consumption, as improper preparation of cassava can leave enough residual cyanide to cause acute cyanide intoxication, goiters, and even ataxia, partial paralysis, or death. the more toxic varieties of cassava are a fall-back resource (a "food security crop") in times of famine or food insecurity in some places. farmers often prefer the bitter varieties because they deter pests, animals, and thieves.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Cassava bread

Thin flatbread made from bitter cassava root without leavening

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Dessert, Sweet

Coconut biscuit

Sweet baked coconut squares

Drink

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Couscous

Couscous (arabic: كُسْكُس kuskus; berber languages: ⵙⴽⵙⵓ, romanized: seksu) – sometimes called kusksi or kseksu – is a maghrebi dish of small steamed granules of rolled durum wheat semolina that is often served with a stew spooned on top. pearl millet, sorghum, bulgur, and other cereals are sometimes cooked in a similar way in other regions, and the resulting dishes are also sometimes called couscous.: 18 couscous is a staple food throughout the maghrebi cuisines of algeria, tunisia, mauritania, morocco, and libya.: 250  it was integrated into french and european cuisine at the beginning of the twentieth century, through the french colonial empire and the pieds-noirs of algeria. in 2020, couscous was added to unesco's intangible cultural heritage list.

Main

Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (greek: βραχύς, romanized: brachys = short, οὐρά / οura = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. they live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. they first appeared during the jurassic period.

Main

Egusi

Egusi soup is a soup prepared with egusi seeds as a primary ingredient. egusi seeds are the fat- and protein-rich seeds of certain cucurbitaceous (squash, melon, gourd) plants. egusi soup is common and prevalent across central africa, and may be served atop rice, cooked vegetables, or grilled meat, such as goat, chicken, beef, or fish. it may also be served atop fufu, omelettes, amala, and eba, among other foods. egusi soup is also consumed in west africa, sometimes with chicken.

Breakfast

Fish

Fried, grilled, stewed

Main

Fish

Fried, grilled, stewed

Main

Fish, rice and vegetables cooked in banana leaves

Side, Snack, Appetizer

French fries

French fries (north american english), chips (british english), finger chips (indian english), french-fried potatoes, or simply fries, are batonnet or allumette-cut deep-fried potatoes, disputed origin from belgium and france. they are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them, usually in a deep fryer. pre-cut, blanched, and frozen russet potatoes are widely used, and sometimes baked in a regular or convection oven; air fryers are small convection ovens marketed for frying potatoes. french fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. they are often salted and may be served with ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other local specialities. fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine or chili cheese fries. french fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes. a baked variant, oven fries, uses less or no oil.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fried cassava

Cassava chips

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fried plantains

Fried plantain is a dish cooked wherever plantains grow, from west africa to east africa as well as central america, the tropical region of northern south america and the caribbean countries like haiti to cuba and in many parts of southeast asia, where fried snacks are widely popular. in indonesia it is called gorengan. it is called alloco in côte d'ivoire and dodo in western nigeria, otherwise known as simply fried plantain in other parts of nigeria. kelewele is a fried spicy plantain or can be fried as a side dish for red red (african stewed black-eyed peas) and fish stew in ghana.fried plantain is also eaten in some countries in south america or the caribbean where african influence is present. for example, in the dominican republic, cuba and puerto rico, it is common to cut plantains in slices, fry them until they are yellow, smash them between two plates and fry them again. this is also a common dish in haiti, referred to as bannann peze, and throughout central america, referred to as patacones in costa rica, panama, colombia and ecuador, and as tostones in guatemala, nicaragua, and puerto rico. in honduras and venezuela they are referred to as tajadas.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

Avocados, bananas, grapefruit, guava, lemons, mangoes, oranges, papayas, pineapples, plantains, watermelons

Main

Fry fry

Fried foods such as fried fish, fried chicken, smoked herring, akara (black-eyed pea fritters), cassava, plantains, pasta

Main

Fufu

Fufu (or fufuo, foofoo, foufou) is a dough-like food found in west african cuisine. in addition to ghana, it is also found in sierra leone, guinea, liberia, cote d'ivoire, benin, togo, nigeria, cameroon, the democratic republic of congo, the central african republic, the republic of congo, angola and gabon. it is often made in the traditional ghanaian, ivorian, liberian, and cuban method of separately mixing and pounding equal portions of boiled cassava with green plantain or cocoyam, or by mixing cassava/plantains or cocoyam flour with water and stirring it on a stove. the viscosity is then adjusted based on personal preference and eaten with broth-like soups. some countries, particularly nigeria, have a version of fufu made from fermented cassava dough (called akpu by nigerians) that is eaten with thick textured stews. other flours, such as semolina, maize flour, or mashed plantains may take the place of cassava flour. fufu is eaten with the fingers, and a small ball of it can be dipped into an accompanying soup or sauce.

Main

Gages

Eggplant and tomato salad with coconut and peanuts

Drink

Ginger beer

Traditional ginger beer is a sweetened and carbonated, usually non-alcoholic beverage. historically it was produced by the natural fermentation of prepared ginger spice, yeast and sugar. current ginger beers are often manufactured rather than brewed, frequently with flavour and colour additives, with artificial carbonation. ginger ales are not brewed. ginger beer's origins date from the colonial spice trade with the orient and the sugar-producing islands of the caribbean. it was popular in britain and its colonies from the 18th century. other spices were variously added and any alcohol content was limited to 2% by excise tax laws in 1855. few brewers have maintained an alcoholic product.ginger beer is still produced at home using a symbiotic colony of yeast and a lactobacillus (bacteria) known as a "ginger beer plant" or from a "ginger bug" starter created from fermenting ginger, sugar, and water.

Dessert, Sweet

Ginger biscuits

A gingersnap, ginger snap, ginger nut, or ginger biscuit is a biscuit flavored with ginger. ginger snaps are flavored with powdered ginger and a variety of other spices, most commonly cinnamon, molasses and clove. there are many recipes. the brittle ginger nut style is a commercial version of the traditional fairings once made for market fairs now represented only by the cornish fairing.

Dessert, Sweet

Ginger cake

Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods, typically flavored with ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon and sweetened with honey, sugar, or molasses. gingerbread foods vary, ranging from a soft, moist loaf cake to something close to a ginger snap.

Main

Goat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (capra aegagrus hircus). the common name for goat meat is simply "goat", though meat from adult goats is referred to as chevon, while that from young goats can be called capretto (it.), cabrito (sp. and por.) or kid. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, mutton commonly means goat meat. in south asia, where mutton curry is popular, "mutton" is used for both goat and lamb meat. the culinary name "chevon", a blend of chèvre 'goat' and mouton 'sheep', was coined in 1922 and selected by a trade association; it was adopted by the united states department of agriculture in 1928.: 19  according to market research, consumers in the united states prefer "chevon" to "goat" "cabrito", a word of spanish and portuguese origin, refers specifically to the meat of a young, milk-fed goat. it is also known as chivo.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gombo

Okra or okro (us: , uk: ), abelmoschus esculentus, known in many english-speaking countries as ladies' fingers or ochro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. it has edible green seed pods. the geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of west african, ethiopian, southeast asian, and south asian origins. the plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world and is a notable part of the cuisine of the southern united states as well as middle eastern cuisine, indian cuisine, brazilian cuisine and sri lankan cuisine.

Main

Gombo

Okra or okro (us: , uk: ), abelmoschus esculentus, known in many english-speaking countries as ladies' fingers or ochro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. it has edible green seed pods. the geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of west african, ethiopian, southeast asian, and south asian origins. the plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world and is a notable part of the cuisine of the southern united states as well as middle eastern cuisine, indian cuisine, brazilian cuisine and sri lankan cuisine.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Grilled corn

Corn cooked over a flame

Dessert, Sweet

Groundnut cake

Roasted peanuts baked in a sweet sugar syrup, similar to peanut brittle

Main

Jollof rice

Jollof (), or jollof rice, is a rice dish from west africa. the dish is typically made with long-grain rice, tomatoes, onions, spices, vegetables and meat in a single pot, although its ingredients and preparation methods vary across different regions.

Dessert, Sweet

Kanya

Peanut and rice confection similar to fudge

Dessert, Sweet

Kill driver

Sweet cake or fritter made with wheat flour, similar to a sweet biscuit

Main

Lobster

Lobsters are a family (nephropidae, synonym homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. lobsters have long bodies with muscular tails, and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important, and are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.commercially important species include two species of homarus (which look more like the stereotypical lobster) from the northern atlantic ocean, and scampi (which look more like a shrimp, or a "mini lobster") — the northern hemisphere genus nephrops and the southern hemisphere genus metanephrops.

Main

Maafe

Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also called as maafe (wolof, mafé, maffé, maffe), sauce d'arachide (french), tigadèguèna or domoda, is a stew that is a staple food in western africa. it originates from the mandinka and bambara people of mali.the proper name for it in the mandinka language is domodah or tigadegena (lit. 'peanut butter sauce,' where tige is 'peanut,' dege is 'paste,' and na is 'sauce') in bamanankan.domodah is also used by gambians, having been borrowed from the mandinka language. in senegal domodah or domoda referts to flour-thickened soup or stew, which is different from mafe that uses peanut paste. it is a favorite dish among several senegal and gambia ethnic groups. with the huge expansion of groundnut cultivation during the colonial period, maafe has also become a popular dish across west africa, even outside west africa such as in cameroon and france. variants of the dish appear in the cuisine of nations throughout west africa and central africa. it is very similar to groundnut soup. it may have a thicker consistency. made from lamb, beef, chicken, or without meat, maafe is cooked with a sauce based on groundnuts, especially peanut butter/paste, and tomatoes. in ghana, groundnut stew is often accompanied with fufu.

Main

Ndambé

Stewed black-eyed peas, may also contain meat, sweet potatoes, commonly served on bread as a breakfast sandwich

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Oleleh

Savory steamed pudding made with black-eyed peas, may include meat, fish

Main

Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. in some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily ostreoidea. some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.

Main

Palava sauce

Palaver sauce or palava sauce or plasas is a type of stew widely eaten in west africa, including ghana, liberia, sierra leone and nigeria. the word palaver comes from the portuguese language and means a talk, lengthy debate or quarrel. it is unclear how this led to the name of the stew. one theory is that the spices used in the stew mingle together like raised voices in an argument. it has been thought of as having the power to calm tensions, or to cause them. other names for the dish include kontonmire, kentumere, nkontommire and pla'sas.it has regional variations and can contain beef, fish, shrimp, pepitas(egusi), cassava, taro (cocoyam) leaves, and palm oil. it is served with boiled rice, potatoes, garri, fufu or yams. outside of africa, spinach is often used as a substitute for other greens. the leaves used to make this soup in liberia are called molokhia or mulukhiyah leaves.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Peanuts

The peanut (arachis hypogaea) also known as the groundnut, goober (us), pindar (us) or monkey nut (uk), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. it is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. it is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. world annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by china with 38% of the world total. atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. with this characteristic in mind, the botanist carl linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth". the peanut belongs to the botanical family fabaceae (or leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. the capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in western cuisines. the botanical definition of a nut is "a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity". using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut. however, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common english more generally.

Main

Pepper chicken

Chicken marinated in spicy peanut butter sauce, then grilled

Main

Pepper soup

Peppersoup is a soup from parts of west africa, notably nigeria that is prepared using various meats, chili peppers and calabash nutmeg as primary ingredients. it is a spicy soup that has a light, watery texture. it is considered to be a delicacy by some people in western africa, and some west africans believe that the soup has medicinal qualities.

Breakfast

Pepper soup

Peppersoup is a soup from parts of west africa, notably nigeria that is prepared using various meats, chili peppers and calabash nutmeg as primary ingredients. it is a spicy soup that has a light, watery texture. it is considered to be a delicacy by some people in western africa, and some west africans believe that the soup has medicinal qualities.

Main

Plasas

Palaver sauce or palava sauce or plasas is a type of stew widely eaten in west africa, including ghana, liberia, sierra leone and nigeria. the word palaver comes from the portuguese language and means a talk, lengthy debate or quarrel. it is unclear how this led to the name of the stew. one theory is that the spices used in the stew mingle together like raised voices in an argument. it has been thought of as having the power to calm tensions, or to cause them. other names for the dish include kontonmire, kentumere, nkontommire and pla'sas.it has regional variations and can contain beef, fish, shrimp, pepitas(egusi), cassava, taro (cocoyam) leaves, and palm oil. it is served with boiled rice, potatoes, garri, fufu or yams. outside of africa, spinach is often used as a substitute for other greens. the leaves used to make this soup in liberia are called molokhia or mulukhiyah leaves.

Main

Pondu

Stewed cassava leaves with vegetables, meat, smoked fish

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Popcorn

Popcorn (also called popped corn, popcorns or pop-corn) is a variety of corn kernel which expands and puffs up when heated; the same names also refer to the foodstuff produced by the expansion. a popcorn kernel's strong hull contains the seed's hard, starchy shell endosperm with 14–20% moisture, which turns to steam as the kernel is heated. pressure from the steam continues to build until the hull ruptures, allowing the kernel to forcefully expand, to 20 to 50 times its original volume, and then cool.some strains of corn (taxonomized as zea mays) are cultivated specifically as popping corns. the zea mays variety everta, a special kind of flint corn, is the most common of these. popcorn is one of six major types of corn, which includes dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, flour corn, and sweet corn.

Main

Pork

Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (sus scrofa domesticus). it is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 bc.pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. ham, gammon, bacon and sausage are examples of preserved pork. charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. pork is the most popular meat in the western world, particularly in central europe. it is also very popular in east and southeast asia (mainland southeast asia, philippines, singapore, east timor, and malaysia). the meat is highly prized in asian cuisines, especially in mainland china, for its fat content and texture. some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption, notably islam and judaism.

Drink

Poyo

Palm wine, known by several local names, is an alcoholic beverage created from the sap of various species of palm tree such as the palmyra, date palms, and coconut palms. it is known by various names in different regions and is common in various parts of africa, the caribbean, south america, south asia, southeast asia and micronesia. palm wine production by smallholders and individual farmers may promote conservation as palm trees become a source of regular household income that may economically be worth more than the value of timber sold.

Main

Prawn

Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (which is a member of the order decapoda), some of which can be eaten.the term "prawn" is used particularly in the united kingdom, ireland, and commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry. shrimp that are present in this category often belong to the suborder dendrobranchiata. in north america, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. the terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. over the years, the way they are used has changed, and in contemporary usage the terms are almost interchangeable.

Main

Punky

Stewed pumpkin or squash, serve with rice

Main

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Breakfast

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Breakfast

Rice bread

Rice bread is a type of bread that is made from rice flour rather than wheat flour. being gluten free, it will not cause adverse reactions for people with gluten intolerance. the vietnamese banh mi (baguette) is traditionally made with a mixture of wheat and rice flour, or sometimes exclusively the latter, resulting in an airy, crispy texture.liberian rice bread is traditionally made with rice flour, mashed ripe plantains, butter, eggs, baking soda, sugar, salt, water, and grated ginger.in 2001, a study group at yamagata university's department of engineering used foam molding technology to produce bread made from 100% rice flour.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rice bread

Rice bread is a type of bread that is made from rice flour rather than wheat flour. being gluten free, it will not cause adverse reactions for people with gluten intolerance. the vietnamese banh mi (baguette) is traditionally made with a mixture of wheat and rice flour, or sometimes exclusively the latter, resulting in an airy, crispy texture.liberian rice bread is traditionally made with rice flour, mashed ripe plantains, butter, eggs, baking soda, sugar, salt, water, and grated ginger.in 2001, a study group at yamagata university's department of engineering used foam molding technology to produce bread made from 100% rice flour.

Breakfast

Rice porridge

Congee or conjee ( kon-jee) is a type of rice porridge or gruel eaten in asian countries. it can be eaten plain, where it is typically served with side dishes, or it can be served with ingredients such as meat, fish, seasonings and flavourings, it is typically served as a meal on its own, especially for people who are ill. names for congee are as varied as the style of its preparation, though one common aspect amongst all of them it is usually a thick porridge of rice largely disintegrated after prolonged cooking in water.

Main

Sauce feuille

Stewed greens, made with cassava leaves, potato leaves, baobab leaves, may also include vegetables, meat, seafood, serve with rice

Main

Seafood

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in asia. seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. the harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals. some seafoods (i.e. kelp) are used as food for other plants (a fertilizer). in these ways, seafoods are used to produce further food for human consumption. also, products such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are extracted from seafoods. some seafood is fed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets such as cats. a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for nonfood purposes (e.g. leather).

Drink

Soft drinks

A soft drink (see § terminology for other names) is a drink that usually contains water (often carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural and/or artificial flavoring. the sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, a sugar substitute (in the case of diet drinks), or some combination of these. soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives, and/or other ingredients. soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast with "hard" alcoholic drinks. small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume of the drink in many countries and localities if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic. types of soft drinks include lemon-lime drinks, orange soda, cola, grape soda, ginger ale, and root beer. soft drinks may be served cold, over ice cubes, or at room temperature. they are available in many container formats, including cans, glass bottles, and plastic bottles. containers come in a variety of sizes, ranging from small bottles to large multi-liter containers. soft drinks are widely available at fast food restaurants, movie theaters, convenience stores, casual-dining restaurants, dedicated soda stores, vending machines, and bars from soda fountain machines. within a decade of the invention of carbonated water by joseph priestley in 1767 inventors in britain and in europe had used his concept to produce the drink in greater quantities, with one such inventor, j. j. schweppe, forming schweppes in 1783 and selling the world's first bottled soft drink. soft drink brands founded in the 19th century include r. white's lemonade in 1845, dr pepper in 1885 and coca-cola in 1886. subsequent brands include pepsi, irn-bru, sprite, fanta and 7 up.

Drink

Star

Main

Stewed greens

Stewed cassava leaves, kale, malakwang, blackjack, goosefoot, marogo, pigweed, purslane, thistle, sweet potato leaves, malanga, pumpkin leaves, njama njama, spinach

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Stewed greens

Stewed cassava leaves, kale, malakwang, blackjack, goosefoot, marogo, pigweed, purslane, thistle, sweet potato leaves, malanga, pumpkin leaves, njama njama, spinach

Main

Stewed meat

A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy. ingredients in a stew can include any combination of vegetables and may include meat, especially tougher meats suitable for slow-cooking, such as beef, pork, lamb, poultry, sausages, and seafood. while water can be used as the stew-cooking liquid, stock is also common. a small amount of red wine is sometimes added for flavour. seasoning and flavourings may also be added. stews are typically cooked at a relatively low temperature (simmered, not boiled), allowing flavours to mingle. stewing is suitable for the least tender cuts of meat that become tender and juicy with the slow moist heat method. this makes it popular in low-cost cooking. cuts having a certain amount of marbling and gelatinous connective tissue give moist, juicy stews, while lean meat may easily become dry. stews are thickened by reduction or with flour, either by coating pieces of meat with flour before searing, or by using a roux or beurre manié, a dough consisting of equal parts of fat and flour. thickeners like cornstarch, potato starch, or arrowroot may also be used. stews are similar to soups, and in some cases there may not be a clear distinction between the two. generally, stews have less liquid than soups, are much thicker and require longer cooking over low heat. while soups are almost always served in a bowl, stews may be thick enough to be served on a plate with the gravy as a sauce over the solid ingredients.

Main

Stewed vegetables

Drink

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Vegetables

Beans, cabbage, carrots, eggplant, okra, onions, potatoes, pumkin/gourds, red peppers, squash, swiss chard, tomatoes, yams

Main

Yebe

Stewed cassava, yams, onions, tomatoes, chicken, chili peppers