Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ametama

Coconut candy made with cooked and thickened jakaro (sap from a coconut tree) and grated coconut that is then cooled and shaped into balls, lasts for years

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Banana

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus musa. in some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. the fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. the fruits grow upward in clusters near the top of the plant. almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – musa acuminata and musa balbisiana. the scientific names of most cultivated bananas are musa acuminata, musa balbisiana, and musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid musa acuminata × m. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. the old scientific name for this hybrid, musa sapientum, is no longer used. musa species are native to tropical indomalaya and australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in papua new guinea. they are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. the world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were india and china, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production.worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". especially in the americas and europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. by contrast, musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". in other regions, such as southeast asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not as useful and is not made in local languages. the term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. this can extend to other members of the genus musa, such as the scarlet banana (musa coccinea), the pink banana (musa velutina), and the fe'i bananas. it can also refer to members of the genus ensete, such as the snow banana (ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (ensete ventricosum). both genera are in the banana family, musaceae.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Banana bread

Banana bread is a type of bread made from mashed bananas. it is often a moist, sweet, cake-like quick bread; however there are some banana bread recipes that are yeast raised breads.

Drink

Beer

Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. it is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. during the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer. most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent. other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops. in commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the code of hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "the hymn to ninkasi", a prayer to the mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. the brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. the strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (abv), although it may vary between 0.5% and 20%, with some breweries creating examples of 40% abv and above.beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as a rich pub culture involving activities like pub crawling, pub quizzes and pub games. when beer is distilled, the resulting liquor is a form of whisky.

Breakfast

Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking. throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diet. it is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture. bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. in many countries, commercial bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Breadfruit

Breadfruit (artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family (moraceae) believed to be a domesticated descendant of artocarpus camansi originating in new guinea, the maluku islands, and the philippines. it was initially spread to oceania via the austronesian expansion. it was further spread to other tropical regions of the world during the colonial era. british and french navigators introduced a few polynesian seedless varieties to caribbean islands during the late 18th century. today it is grown in some 90 countries throughout south and southeast asia, the pacific ocean, the caribbean, central america and africa. its name is derived from the texture of the moderately ripe fruit when cooked, similar to freshly baked bread and having a potato-like flavor.the trees have been widely planted in tropical regions, including lowland central america, northern south america, and the caribbean. in addition to the fruit serving as a staple food in many cultures, the light, sturdy timber of breadfruit has been used for outriggers, ships, and houses in the tropics. breadfruit is closely related to artocarpus camansi (breadnut or seeded breadfruit) of new guinea, the maluku islands, and the philippines, artocarpus blancoi (tipolo or antipolo) of the philippines, and artocarpus mariannensis (dugdug) of micronesia, all of which are sometimes also referred to as "breadfruit". it is also closely related to the jackfruit.

Main

Breadfruit soup

Breadfruit (artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family (moraceae) believed to be a domesticated descendant of artocarpus camansi originating in new guinea, the maluku islands, and the philippines. it was initially spread to oceania via the austronesian expansion. it was further spread to other tropical regions of the world during the colonial era. british and french navigators introduced a few polynesian seedless varieties to caribbean islands during the late 18th century. today it is grown in some 90 countries throughout south and southeast asia, the pacific ocean, the caribbean, central america and africa. its name is derived from the texture of the moderately ripe fruit when cooked, similar to freshly baked bread and having a potato-like flavor.the trees have been widely planted in tropical regions, including lowland central america, northern south america, and the caribbean. in addition to the fruit serving as a staple food in many cultures, the light, sturdy timber of breadfruit has been used for outriggers, ships, and houses in the tropics. breadfruit is closely related to artocarpus camansi (breadnut or seeded breadfruit) of new guinea, the maluku islands, and the philippines, artocarpus blancoi (tipolo or antipolo) of the philippines, and artocarpus mariannensis (dugdug) of micronesia, all of which are sometimes also referred to as "breadfruit". it is also closely related to the jackfruit.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Bwiro

Sweetened fermented breadfruit paste cooked in banana leaves

Main

Canned meat

Potted meat is a form of traditional food preservation in which hot cooked meat is placed in a pot, tightly packed to exclude air, and then covered with hot fat. as the fat cools, it hardens and forms an airtight seal, preventing some spoilage by airborne bacteria. before the days of refrigeration, potted meat was developed as a way to preserve meat when a freshly-slaughtered animal could not be fully eaten immediately.spores of clostridium botulinum can survive cooking at 100 °c (212 °f), and, in the anaerobic neutral ph storage environment, result in botulism. often when making potted meat, the meat of only one animal was used, although other recipes, such as the flemish potjevleesch, used three or four different meats (animals).

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Main

Chicken gizzard

The gizzard, also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium, is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (pterosaurs, crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans. this specialized stomach constructed of thick muscular walls is used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit. in certain insects and molluscs, the gizzard features chitinous plates or teeth.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Chukuchuk

Chukuchuk is a dish from cuisine of the marshall islands. it is a ball shaped made of calrose rice and meat shredded coconut. the size is similar to a golf ball.it is very popular on marshall islands because it is simple to make. it served on special occasions or as a side dish with grilled meat, fish or fruit.

Main

Clam

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. the word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds. clams have two shells of equal size connected by two adductor muscles and have a powerful burrowing foot. they live in both freshwater and marine environments; in salt water they prefer to burrow down into the mud and the turbidity of the water required varies with species and location; the greatest diversity of these is in north america.clams in the culinary sense do not live attached to a substrate (whereas oysters and mussels do) and do not live near the bottom (whereas scallops do). in culinary usage, clams are commonly eaten marine bivalves, as in clam digging and the resulting soup, clam chowder. many edible clams such as palourde clams are ovoid or triangular; however, razor clams have an elongated parallel-sided shell, suggesting an old-fashioned straight razor.some clams have life cycles of only one year, while at least one may be over 500 years old. all clams have two calcareous shells or valves joined near a hinge with a flexible ligament and all are filter feeders.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Coconut bread

Main

Coconut fish

Drink

Coconut milk

Coconut milk is an opaque, milky-white liquid extracted from the grated pulp of mature coconuts. the opacity and rich taste of coconut milk are due to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat. coconut milk is a traditional food ingredient used in southeast asia, oceania, south asia, and east africa. it is also used for cooking in the caribbean, tropical latin america, and west africa, where coconuts were introduced during the colonial era. coconut milk is differentiated into subtypes based on fat content. they can be generalized into coconut cream (or thick coconut milk) with the highest amount of fat; coconut milk (or thin coconut milk) with a maximum of around 20% fat; and coconut skim milk with negligible amounts of fat. this terminology is not always followed in commercial coconut milk sold in western countries.coconut milk can also be used to produce milk substitutes (differentiated as "coconut milk beverages"). these products are not the same as regular coconut milk products which are meant for cooking, not drinking. a sweetened, processed, coconut milk product from puerto rico is also known as cream of coconut. it is used in many desserts and beverages like the piña colada, though it should not be confused with coconut cream.

Drink

Coconut milk with condensed milk, water and lime

Drink

Coconut water

Coconut water (also coconut juice) is the clear liquid inside coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). in early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. as growth continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. the liquid inside young coconuts is often preferred to the liquid of a ripened coconut. coconut water from young green coconuts is also known specifically as buko juice in philippine english.

Main

Cod

Cod is the common name for the demersal fish genus gadus, belonging to the family gadidae. cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and one species that belongs to genus gadus is commonly not called cod (alaska pollock, gadus chalcogrammus). the two most common species of cod are the atlantic cod (gadus morhua), which lives in the colder waters and deeper sea regions throughout the north atlantic, and the pacific cod (gadus macrocephalus), found in both eastern and western regions of the northern pacific. gadus morhua was named by linnaeus in 1758. (however, g. morhua callarias, a low-salinity, nonmigratory race restricted to parts of the baltic, was originally described as gadus callarias by linnaeus.) cod is popular as a food with a mild flavour and a dense, flaky, white flesh. cod livers are processed to make cod liver oil, a common source of vitamin a, vitamin d, vitamin e, and omega-3 fatty acids (epa and dha). young atlantic cod or haddock prepared in strips for cooking is called scrod. in the united kingdom, atlantic cod is one of the most common ingredients in fish and chips, along with haddock and plaice.

Breakfast

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Drink

Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain flowering plants in the coffea genus. from the coffee fruit, the seeds are separated to produce a stable, raw product: unroasted green coffee. the seeds are then roasted, a process which transforms them into a consumable product: roasted coffee, which is ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidic and has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. it is one of the most popular drinks in the world and can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, french press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). it is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. sugar, sugar substitutes, milk or cream are often used to lessen the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. it may be served with coffee cake or another sweet dessert, like doughnuts. a commercial establishment that sells prepared coffee beverages is known as a coffeehouse or coffee shop (not to be confused with dutch coffeeshops selling cannabis). clinical research indicates that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial as a stimulant in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption has positive or negative effects.though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the red sea. the earliest credible evidence of the drinking of coffee in the form of the modern beverage appears in modern-day yemen from the mid-15th century in sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. the yemenis procured the coffee beans from the ethiopian highlands via coastal somali intermediaries and began cultivation. by the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the middle east and north africa, later spreading to europe. in the 20th century, coffee became a much more global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. the two most commonly grown coffee bean types are c. arabica and c. robusta. coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the americas, southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, and africa. as of 2018, brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world total. coffee is a major export commodity as the leading legal agricultural export for numerous countries. it is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. green, unroasted coffee is the most traded agricultural commodity and one of the most traded commodities overall, second only to petroleum. despite the sales of coffee reaching billions of dollars, those actually producing the beans are disproportionately living in poverty. critics also point to the coffee industry's negative impact on the environment and the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. the environmental costs and wage disparity of farmers are causing the market for fair trade and organic coffee to expand.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Coleslaw

Coleslaw (from the dutch term koolsla meaning 'cabbage salad'), also known as cole slaw, or simply as slaw, is a side dish consisting primarily of finely shredded raw cabbage with a salad dressing or condiment, commonly either vinaigrette or mayonnaise. coleslaw prepared with vinaigrette may benefit from the long lifespan granted by pickling.

Main

Corned beef hash

Hash is a culinary dish consisting of chopped meat, potatoes, and fried onions. the name is derived from french: hacher, meaning "to chop". it originated as a way to use up leftovers. in the usa by the 1860s, a cheap restaurant was called a "hash house" or "hashery."canned corned beef hash became especially popular in countries such as britain, france, and the united states, during and after the second world war as rationing limited the availability of fresh meat.hash may be served for breakfast, lunch, or supper. when served for breakfast in the united states hash may come with eggs, toast, hollandaise sauce, or even baked beans.high-end restaurants offer sophisticated hash dishes on their menus. modern preparations can be made with unconventional ingredients such as lamb, fish, venison, turkey, chicken, shrimp, or steak.

Main

Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (greek: βραχύς, romanized: brachys = short, οὐρά / οura = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. they live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. they first appeared during the jurassic period.

Breakfast

Doughnuts

A doughnut or donut () is a type of food made from leavened fried dough.: 275  it is popular in many countries and is prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty vendors. doughnut is the traditional spelling, while donut is the simplified version; the terms are often used interchangeably. doughnuts are usually deep fried from a flour dough, but other types of batters can also be used. various toppings and flavorings are used for different types, such as sugar, chocolate or maple glazing. doughnuts may also include water, leavening, eggs, milk, sugar, oil, shortening, and natural or artificial flavors. the two most common types are the ring doughnut and the filled doughnut, which is injected with fruit preserves (the jelly doughnut), cream, custard, or other sweet fillings. small pieces of dough are sometimes cooked as doughnut holes. once fried, doughnuts may be glazed with a sugar icing, spread with icing or chocolate, or topped with powdered sugar, cinnamon, sprinkles or fruit. other shapes include balls, flattened spheres, twists, and other forms. doughnut varieties are also divided into cake (including the old-fashioned) and yeast-risen type doughnuts. doughnuts are often accompanied by coffee or milk. they are sold at doughnut shops, convenience stores, petrol/gas stations, cafes or fast food restaurants.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Dried plums

Main

Fish

Grilled, boiled, cooked in an earth oven, sashimi

Side, Snack, Appetizer

French fries

French fries (north american english), chips (british english), finger chips (indian english), french-fried potatoes, or simply fries, are batonnet or allumette-cut deep-fried potatoes, disputed origin from belgium and france. they are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them, usually in a deep fryer. pre-cut, blanched, and frozen russet potatoes are widely used, and sometimes baked in a regular or convection oven; air fryers are small convection ovens marketed for frying potatoes. french fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. they are often salted and may be served with ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other local specialities. fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine or chili cheese fries. french fries can be made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes. a baked variant, oven fries, uses less or no oil.

Main

Fried prawns

Shrimp or prawn dishes are often prepared by frying, especially deep frying. there are several styles.

Breakfast

Fruit

Banana, breadfruit, coconut, lime, mango, pandanus fruit (screwpine), papaya, passionfruit, pineapple

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

Banana, breadfruit, coconut, lime, mango, pandanus fruit (screwpine), papaya, passionfruit, pineapple

Drink

Fruit juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. it can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice. juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, as for smoothies. juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production). the largest fruit juice consumers are new zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). fruit juice consumption on average increases with country income level.

Main

Grilled chicken

Chicken cooked over a flame

Main

Grilled fish

Fish cooked over a flame

Dessert, Sweet

Grilled pineapple

Pineapple cooked over a flame

Main

Hot dog

A hot dog (less commonly spelled hotdog) is a food consisting of a grilled or steamed sausage served in the slit of a partially sliced bun. the term hot dog can also refer to the sausage itself. the sausage used is a wiener (vienna sausage) or a frankfurter (frankfurter würstchen, also just called frank). the names of these sausages also commonly refer to their assembled dish. some consider a hot dog to technically be a sandwich. hot dog preparation and condiments vary worldwide. typical condiments include mustard, ketchup, relish, onions in tomato sauce, and cheese sauce. common garnishes include sauerkraut, diced onions, jalapeños, chili, grated cheese, coleslaw, bacon, and olives. hot dog variants include the corn dog and pigs in a blanket. the hot dog's cultural traditions include the nathan's hot dog eating contest and the oscar mayer wienermobile. these types of sausages were culturally imported from germany and became popular in the united states. it became a working-class street food in the u.s., sold at stands and carts. the hot dog became closely associated with baseball and american culture. although particularly connected with new york city and its cuisine, the hot dog eventually became ubiquitous throughout the us during the 20th century. its preparation varies regionally in the country, emerging as an important part of other regional cuisines, including chicago street cuisine.

Main

Humpback grouper

The humpback grouper (cromileptes altivelis), panther grouper, or (in australia) barramundi cod is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily epinephelinae which is in the family serranidae which also includes the anthias and sea basses. it occurs in the western pacific ocean.

Main

Jaajmi

Sashimi (刺身, english: sə-shee-mee, japanese: [saɕimiꜜ]) is a japanese delicacy consisting of fresh raw fish or meat sliced into thin pieces and often eaten with soy sauce.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Jakaro

Coconut sap

Drink

Jakaro drink

Beverage made from coconut sap

Drink

Kava

A beverage made from the powdered roots of the kava plant, known for its sedating effects

Drink

Kool-Aid

Kool-aid is an american brand of flavored drink mix owned by kraft heinz based in chicago, illinois. the powder form was created by edwin perkins in 1927 based upon a liquid concentrate called fruit smack.

Main

Lobster

Lobsters are a family (nephropidae, synonym homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. lobsters have long bodies with muscular tails, and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important, and are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.commercially important species include two species of homarus (which look more like the stereotypical lobster) from the northern atlantic ocean, and scampi (which look more like a shrimp, or a "mini lobster") — the northern hemisphere genus nephrops and the southern hemisphere genus metanephrops.

Drink

Lukwor

Coconut drink, made with coconut meat, milk, sugar, ice cubes and water

Dessert, Sweet

Macadamia nut pie

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ma chip

Breadfruit chips

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Manapua

Char siu bao (simplified chinese: 叉烧包; traditional chinese: 叉燒包; pinyin: chāshāo bāo; cantonese yale: chā sīu bāau) is a cantonese barbecue-pork-filled bun (baozi). the buns are filled with barbecue-flavored cha siu pork. they are served as a type of dim sum during yum cha and are sometimes sold in chinese bakeries. cha siu refers to the pork filling; the word bao means "bun".

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Mokwan

Preserved pandanus fruit paste

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Multigrain bread

Multigrain bread is a type of bread prepared with two or more types of grain. grains used include barley, flax, millet, oats, wheat, and whole-wheat flour, among others. some varieties include edible seeds in their preparation, such as flaxseed, quinoa, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds. rye and sourdough multigrain breads are additional varieties. preparations include 7-grain and 9-grain bread, among others. multigrain bread may be prepared using whole, unprocessed grains, although commercial varieties do not necessarily always contain whole grains.

Main

Octopus

People of some cultures eat octopus. the arms and sometimes other body parts are prepared in various ways, often varying by species and/or geography. octopuses are sometimes eaten or prepared alive, a practice that is controversial due to scientific evidence that octopuses experience pain.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pancakes

A pancake (or hot-cake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter. it is a type of batter bread. archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably eaten in prehistoric societies.the pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide. in the united kingdom, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe. in north america, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder) creating a thick fluffy pancake. a crêpe is a thin breton pancake of french origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles. a well-known variation originating from southeast europe is a palačinke, a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cream cheese, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used. when potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result is a potato pancake. commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries. like waffles, commercially prepared frozen pancakes are available from companies like eggo. when buttermilk is used in place of or in addition to milk, the pancake develops a tart flavor and becomes known as a buttermilk pancake, which is common in scotland and the us. buckwheat flour can be used in a pancake batter, making for a type of buckwheat pancake, a category that includes blini, kaletez, ploye, and memil-buchimgae. pancakes may be served at any time of the day or year with a variety of toppings or fillings, but they have developed associations with particular times and toppings in different regions. in north america, they are typically considered a breakfast food and serve a similar function to waffles. in britain and the commonwealth, they are associated with shrove tuesday, commonly known as "pancake day", when, historically, perishable ingredients had to be used up before the fasting period of lent.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pandanus chips

Drink

Pandanus juice

Drink

Pandanus milkshake

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pandanus pulp, coconut and coconut oil cooked in breadfruit leaves

Dessert, Sweet

Papaya baked in sweet coconut cream

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Papaya salad

Green papaya salad (khmer: បុកល្ហុង, lao: ຕຳຫມາກຫຸ່ງ and thai: ส้มตำ) is a spicy salad made from shredded unripe papaya, that possibly originated in laos but nowadays is eaten throughout continental southeast asia (cambodia, laos, myanmar, thailand, and vietnam). the thai variation som tam has been listed at number 46 on world's 50 most delicious foods compiled by cnn go in 2011 and 2018. papaya salad was featured as laos' national costume at the miss grand international 2021 pageant.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pickled papaya

Main

Pizza

Pizza (italian: [ˈpittsa], neapolitan: [ˈpittsə]) is a dish of italian origin consisting of a usually round, flat base of leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomatoes, cheese, and often various other ingredients (such as various types of sausage, anchovies, mushrooms, onions, olives, vegetables, meat, ham, etc.), which is then baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven. a small pizza is sometimes called a pizzetta. a person who makes pizza is known as a pizzaiolo. in italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork. in casual settings, however, it is cut into wedges to be eaten while held in the hand. the term pizza was first recorded in the 10th century in a latin manuscript from the southern italian town of gaeta in lazio, on the border with campania. modern pizza was invented in naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular in many countries. it has become one of the most popular foods in the world and a common fast food item in europe, north america and australasia; available at pizzerias (restaurants specializing in pizza), restaurants offering mediterranean cuisine, via pizza delivery, and as street food. various food companies sell ready-baked pizzas, which may be frozen, in grocery stores, to be reheated in a home oven. in 2017, the world pizza market was us$128 billion, and in the us it was $44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias. overall, 13% of the u.s. population aged 2 years and over consumed pizza on any given day.the associazione verace pizza napoletana (lit. true neapolitan pizza association) is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in naples that aims to promote traditional neapolitan pizza. in 2009, upon italy's request, neapolitan pizza was registered with the european union as a traditional speciality guaranteed dish, and in 2017 the art of its making was included on unesco's list of intangible cultural heritage.raffaele esposito is often considered to be the father of modern pizza.

Main

Pork

Cooked in banana leaves in an earth oven

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Potato

The potato is a starchy tuber of the plant solanum tuberosum and is a root vegetable native to the americas. the plant is a perennial in the nightshade family solanaceae.wild potato species can be found from the southern united states to southern chile. the potato was originally believed to have been domesticated by native americans independently in multiple locations, but later genetic studies traced a single origin, in the area of present-day southern peru and extreme northwestern bolivia. potatoes were domesticated there approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago, from a species in the solanum brevicaule complex. in the andes region of south america, where the species is indigenous, some close relatives of the potato are cultivated. potatoes were introduced to europe from the americas in the second half of the 16th century by the spanish. today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. as of 2014, potatoes were the world's fourth-largest food crop after maize (corn), wheat, and rice. following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 5,000 different types of potatoes. over 99% of potatoes presently cultivated worldwide descended from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south-central chile. the importance of the potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies by region and is still changing. it remains an essential crop in europe, especially northern and eastern europe, where per capita production is still the highest in the world, while the most rapid expansion in production over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern asia, with china and india leading the world in overall production as of 2018. like the tomato, the potato is a nightshade in the genus solanum, and the vegetative and fruiting parts of the potato contain the toxin solanine which is dangerous for human consumption. normal potato tubers that have been grown and stored properly produce glycoalkaloids in amounts small enough to be negligible to human health, but, if green sections of the plant (namely sprouts and skins) are exposed to light, the tuber can accumulate a high enough concentration of glycoalkaloids to affect human health.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Potato salad

Potato salad is a salad dish made from boiled potatoes, usually containing a dressing and a variety of other ingredients such as boiled eggs and raw vegetables. in american restaurants, it is generally considered a side dish, and usually accompanies the main course.

Main

Prawn

Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (which is a member of the order decapoda), some of which can be eaten.the term "prawn" is used particularly in the united kingdom, ireland, and commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry. shrimp that are present in this category often belong to the suborder dendrobranchiata. in north america, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. the terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. over the years, the way they are used has changed, and in contemporary usage the terms are almost interchangeable.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pumpkin

A pumpkin is a cultivar of winter squash that is round with smooth, slightly ribbed skin, and is most often deep yellow to orange in coloration. the thick shell contains the seeds and pulp. the name is most commonly used for cultivars of cucurbita pepo, but some cultivars of cucurbita maxima, c. argyrosperma, and c. moschata with similar appearance are also sometimes called "pumpkins".native to north america (northeastern mexico and the southern united states), pumpkins are one of the oldest domesticated plants, having been used as early as 7,000 to 5,500 bc. pumpkins are widely grown for food, as well as for aesthetic and recreational purposes. pumpkin pie, for instance, is a traditional part of thanksgiving meals in canada and the united states, and pumpkins are frequently carved as jack-o'-lanterns for decoration around halloween, although commercially canned pumpkin purée and pumpkin pie fillings are usually made from varieties of winter squash different from the ones used for jack-o'-lanterns.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Pumpkin rice

Main

Ramen noodles

Ichiban ramen noodles

Main

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Main

Rice-banke

Pumpkin rice, rice with diced pumpkins and coconut milk

Dessert, Sweet

Rice bobo

Coconut balls

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Roasted chestnuts

Roasted chestnut is a popular autumn and winter street food in east asia, europe, and new york city. asian chestnuts (castanea crenata, c. mollissima) as well as european chestnuts (c. sativa) can be used.

Main

Seafood

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in asia. seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. the harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is known as aquaculture and fish farming (in the case of fish). most of the seafood harvest is consumed by humans, but a significant proportion is used as fish food to farm other fish or rear farm animals. some seafoods (i.e. kelp) are used as food for other plants (a fertilizer). in these ways, seafoods are used to produce further food for human consumption. also, products such as fish oil and spirulina tablets are extracted from seafoods. some seafood is fed to aquarium fish, or used to feed domestic pets such as cats. a small proportion is used in medicine, or is used industrially for nonfood purposes (e.g. leather).

Drink

Soft drinks

A soft drink (see § terminology for other names) is a drink that usually contains water (often carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural and/or artificial flavoring. the sweetener may be a sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, a sugar substitute (in the case of diet drinks), or some combination of these. soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings, preservatives, and/or other ingredients. soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast with "hard" alcoholic drinks. small amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume of the drink in many countries and localities if the drink is to be considered non-alcoholic. types of soft drinks include lemon-lime drinks, orange soda, cola, grape soda, ginger ale, and root beer. soft drinks may be served cold, over ice cubes, or at room temperature. they are available in many container formats, including cans, glass bottles, and plastic bottles. containers come in a variety of sizes, ranging from small bottles to large multi-liter containers. soft drinks are widely available at fast food restaurants, movie theaters, convenience stores, casual-dining restaurants, dedicated soda stores, vending machines, and bars from soda fountain machines. within a decade of the invention of carbonated water by joseph priestley in 1767 inventors in britain and in europe had used his concept to produce the drink in greater quantities, with one such inventor, j. j. schweppe, forming schweppes in 1783 and selling the world's first bottled soft drink. soft drink brands founded in the 19th century include r. white's lemonade in 1845, dr pepper in 1885 and coca-cola in 1886. subsequent brands include pepsi, irn-bru, sprite, fanta and 7 up.

Drink

Sports drinks

Sports drinks, also known as electrolyte drinks, are functional beverages whose stated purpose is to help athletes replace water, electrolytes, and energy before, during and especially after training or competition, though their effects on performance in sports and exercise has been questioned.at times if used too much, in wrong cases (as most of nutritional items) they may hinder health or performance. the drinks, or some of their ingredients, may not be suitable for certain conditions.

Main

Squid

A squid is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder decapodiformes. like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, bilateral symmetry, and a mantle. they are mainly soft-bodied, like octopuses, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like gladius or pen, made of chitin. squid diverged from other cephalopods during the jurassic and occupy a similar role to teleost fish as open water predators of similar size and behaviour. they play an important role in the open water food web. the two long tentacles are used to grab prey and the eight arms to hold and control it. the beak then cuts the food into suitable size chunks for swallowing. squid are rapid swimmers, moving by jet propulsion, and largely locate their prey by sight. they are among the most intelligent of invertebrates, with groups of humboldt squid having been observed hunting cooperatively. they are preyed on by sharks, other fish, sea birds, seals and cetaceans, particularly sperm whales. squid can change colour for camouflage and signalling. some species are bioluminescent, using their light for counter-illumination camouflage, while many species can eject a cloud of ink to distract predators. squid are used for human consumption with commercial fisheries in japan, the mediterranean, the southwestern atlantic, the eastern pacific and elsewhere. they are used in cuisines around the world, often known as "calamari". squid have featured in literature since classical times, especially in tales of giant squid and sea monsters.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Sweet potatoes and fried bananas

Cubed and boiled sweet potatoes with fried bananas

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Sweet potato salad

Sweet potato salad (arabic: سلطة البطاطا الحلوة) is an arab salad, made typically of sweet potato, onion, olive oil, mashed garlic, salt, ground pepper, grated ginger, black pepper, cinnamon sticks, raisins, coriander, ground sugar, and water. it is very popular in the arab world, especially in the maghreb as well in the levant, specifically in lebanon.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Taituuj

Fried banana pancakes or fritters

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Taro

Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, a root vegetable most commonly known as taro (), among many other names (see § names and etymology below). it is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. taro corms are a food staple in african, oceanic, and south asian cultures (similar to yams), and taro is believed to have been one of the earliest cultivated plants.

Drink

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

Breakfast

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

Main

Tuna and rice with achi kimchi

Canned tuna with rice and achi kimchi

Main

Turkey tail

Turkey tail has an international exportation market in places such as micronesia, samoa, and ghana. the turkey tail is commonly exported from america because it is considered unhealthy and cut off the normal turkey. after world war ii, cheap imported turkey tails became popular in samoa. because the cut has a very high fat content, it was banned from 2007 to 2013 to combat obesity, only allowed back when samoa joined the world trade organization.

Main

Turtle

Turtles are an order of reptiles known as testudines, characterized by a shell developed mainly from their ribs. modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the side-necked turtles and hidden neck turtles, which differ in the way the head retracts. there are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land-dwelling tortoises and freshwater terrapins. they are found on most continents, some islands and, in the case of sea turtles, much of the ocean. like other reptiles, birds, and mammals, they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. genetic evidence typically places them in close relation to crocodilians and birds. turtle shells are made mostly of bone; the upper part is the domed carapace, while the underside is the flatter plastron or belly-plate. its outer surface is covered in scales made of keratin, the material of hair, horns, and claws. the carapace bones develop from ribs that grow sideways and develop into broad flat plates that join up to cover the body. turtles are ectotherms or "cold-blooded", meaning that their internal temperature varies with their direct environment. they are generally opportunistic omnivores and mainly feed on plants and animals with limited movements. many turtles migrate short distances seasonally. sea turtles are the only reptiles that migrate long distances to lay their eggs on a favored beach. turtles have appeared in myths and folktales around the world. some terrestrial and freshwater species are widely kept as pets. turtles have been hunted for their meat, for use in traditional medicine, and for their shells. sea turtles are often killed accidentally as bycatch in fishing nets. turtle habitats around the world are being destroyed. as a result of these pressures, many species are threatened with extinction.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Vegetables

Arrowroot, cabbage, canned vegetables, greens, onions, pandan leaves, potatoes, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, taro

Drink

Wine

Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are major factors in different styles of wine. these differences result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the grape's growing environment (terroir), and the wine production process. many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. these typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production. wines not made from grapes involve fermentation of other crops including rice wine and other fruit wines such as plum, cherry, pomegranate, currant and elderberry. wine has been produced for thousands of years. the earliest evidence of wine is from the caucasus region in today's georgia (6000 bce), persia (5000 bce), and italy (4000 bce). new world wine has some connection to alcoholic beverages made by the indigenous peoples of the americas, but is mainly connected to later spanish traditions in new spain. later, as old world wine further developed viticulture techniques, europe would encompass three of the largest wine-producing regions. today, the five countries with the largest wine-producing regions are in italy, spain, france, the united states, and china.wine has long played an important role in religion. red wine was associated with blood by the ancient egyptians and was used by both the greek cult of dionysus and the romans in their bacchanalia; judaism also incorporates it in the kiddush, and christianity in the eucharist. egyptian, greek, roman, and israeli wine cultures are still connected to these ancient roots. similarly the largest wine regions in italy, spain, and france have heritages in connection to sacramental wine, likewise, viticulture traditions in the southwestern united states started within new spain as catholic friars and monks first produced wines in new mexico and california.