Main

Ablo

In ghana cuisine, banku ( (listen)) is a cooked slightly fermented mixture of corn-dough and cassava-dough made into single serving balls. banku is different from any of the akple product forms indigenous to the ewes. it is a ghanaian of gadangme (or ga) descent dish which is cooked by a mixture of fermented corn and cassava dough in hot water into a smooth, whitish paste, served with soup, okra stew or a pepper sauce with fish.it is preferred by the people of the southern regions of ghana; the ewe people, the fante people and the ga-adangbe people but also eaten across the other regions in ghana. the gadangme (or ga) people have a softer variation of the food which they call banku, while the fante people have a little drier variant of the dish they call ɛtsew.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Ablo

In ghana cuisine, banku ( (listen)) is a cooked slightly fermented mixture of corn-dough and cassava-dough made into single serving balls. banku is different from any of the akple product forms indigenous to the ewes. it is a ghanaian of gadangme (or ga) descent dish which is cooked by a mixture of fermented corn and cassava dough in hot water into a smooth, whitish paste, served with soup, okra stew or a pepper sauce with fish.it is preferred by the people of the southern regions of ghana; the ewe people, the fante people and the ga-adangbe people but also eaten across the other regions in ghana. the gadangme (or ga) people have a softer variation of the food which they call banku, while the fante people have a little drier variant of the dish they call ɛtsew.

Drink

Ataya

Black or green tea, served three times per sitting

Drink

Baobab fruit juice

Adansonia digitata, the african baobab, is the most widespread tree species of the genus adansonia, the baobabs, and is native to the african continent and the southern arabian peninsula (yemen, oman). these are long-lived pachycauls; radiocarbon dating has shown some individuals to be over 2,000 years old. they are typically found in dry, hot savannas of sub-saharan africa, where they dominate the landscape and reveal the presence of a watercourse from afar. they have traditionally been valued as sources of food, water, health remedies or places of shelter and are a key food source for many animals. they are steeped in legend and superstition. in recent years, many of the largest, oldest trees have died, possibly due to climate change. common names for the baobab include monkey-bread tree, upside-down tree, and cream of tartar tree.

Main

Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (bos taurus). in prehistoric times, humans hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantity of their meat. today, beef is the third most widely consumed meat in the world, after pork and poultry. as of 2018, the united states, brazil, and china were the largest producers of beef. beef can be prepared in various ways; cuts are often used for steak, which can be cooked to varying degrees of doneness, while trimmings are often ground or minced, as found in most hamburgers. beef contains protein, iron, and vitamin b12. along with other kinds of red meat, high consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease, especially when processed. beef has a high environmental impact, being a primary driver of deforestation with the highest greenhouse gas emissions of any agricultural product.

Breakfast

Beignet

Beignet ( ben-yay, also us: bayn-yay, ben-yay, french: [bɛɲɛ]; lit. 'bump') is a type of fritter, or deep-fried pastry, typically made from pâte à choux, but may also be made from other types of dough, including yeast dough. it is popular in french, italian and french-american cuisines.

Dessert, Sweet

Beignet

Beignet ( ben-yay, also us: bayn-yay, ben-yay, french: [bɛɲɛ]; lit. 'bump') is a type of fritter, or deep-fried pastry, typically made from pâte à choux, but may also be made from other types of dough, including yeast dough. it is popular in french, italian and french-american cuisines.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Beignet

Beignet ( ben-yay, also us: bayn-yay, ben-yay, french: [bɛɲɛ]; lit. 'bump') is a type of fritter, or deep-fried pastry, typically made from pâte à choux, but may also be made from other types of dough, including yeast dough. it is popular in french, italian and french-american cuisines.

Breakfast

Bouillie

Red millet porridge

Main

Capitaine

The nile perch (lates niloticus), also known as the african snook, goliath perch, african barramundi , goliath barramundi, giant lates or the victoria perch, is a species of freshwater fish in family latidae of order perciformes. it is widespread throughout much of the afrotropical realm, being native to the congo, nile, senegal, niger and lake chad, volta, lake turkana, and other river basins. it also occurs in the brackish waters of lake maryut in egypt. the nile perch is a fish of substantial economic and food-security importance in east africa. originally described as labrus niloticus, among the marine wrasses, the species has also been referred to as centropomus niloticus. common names include african snook, victoria perch (a misleading trade name, as the species is not native to lake victoria, though they have been introduced there), and many local names in various african languages, such as the luo name mbuta or mputa. in tanzania, it is called sangara, sankara, or chenku. in francophone african countries, it is known as capitaine. its name in the hausa language is giwan ruwa, meaning "water elephant".

Main

Cereal

A cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran. the term may also refer to the resulting grain itself (specifically "cereal grain"). cereal grain crops are grown in greater quantities and provide more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop and are therefore staple crops. edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat, quinoa and chia, are referred to as pseudocereals. in their natural, unprocessed, whole grain form, cereals are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils, and protein. when processed by the removal of the bran and germ the remaining endosperm is mostly carbohydrate. in some developing countries, grain in the form of rice, wheat, millet, or maize constitutes a majority of daily sustenance. in developed countries, cereal consumption is moderate and varied but still substantial, primarily in the form of refined and processed grains.the word “cereal” is derived from ceres, the roman goddess of harvest and agriculture.

Main

Chawarma

Shawarma (; arabic: شاورما) is a popular levantine dish consisting of meat cut into thin slices, stacked in a cone-like shape, and roasted on a slowly-turning vertical rotisserie or spit. originally made with lamb or mutton, it is now also made of chicken, turkey, beef, or veal. thin slices are shaved off the cooked surface as it continuously rotates. shawarma is one of the world's most popular street foods, especially in egypt, iraq, the countries of the levant, the caucasus, the arabian peninsula and the rest of the middle east.

Main

Chicken

The chicken (gallus domesticus) is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the ceylon junglefowl that are originally from southeastern asia. rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. a male that has been castrated is a capon. an adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies, chickens were not kept for food until the hellenistic period (4th–2nd centuries bc). humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) and as pets. chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. there are more chickens in the world than any other bird. there are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in language and literature. genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in south asia, southeast asia, and east asia, but the clade found in the americas, europe, the middle east and africa originated from the indian subcontinent. from ancient india, the chicken spread to lydia in western asia minor, and to greece by the 5th century bc. fowl have been known in egypt since the mid-15th century bc, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between syria and shinar, babylonia, according to the annals of thutmose iii.

Main

Chouo and touru

Stewed beans and onions with hot oil, commonly served with spaghetti

Drink

Djablani juice

Main

Fish

Many species of fish are caught by humans and consumed as food in virtually all regions around the world. fish has been an important dietary source of protein and other nutrients throughout human history. the english language does not have a special culinary name for food prepared from fish like with other animals (as with pig vs. pork), or as in other languages (such as spanish pescado vs. pez). in culinary and fishery contexts, fish may include so-called shellfish such as molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms; more expansively, seafood covers both fish and other marine life used as food.since 1961, the average annual increase in global apparent food fish consumption (3.2 percent) has outpaced population growth (1.6 percent) and exceeded consumption of meat from all terrestrial animals, combined (2.8 percent) and individually (bovine, ovine, porcine, etc.), except poultry (4.9 percent). in per capita terms, food fish consumption has grown from 9.0 kg (19.8 lb) in 1961 to 20.2 kg (45 lb) in 2015, at an average rate of about 1.5 percent per year. the expansion in consumption has been driven not only by increased production, but also by a combination of many other factors, including reduced wastage, better utilization, improved distribution channels and growing consumer demand, linked with population growth, rising disposable incomes and urbanization.europe, japan and the united states of america together accounted for 47 percent of the world's total food fish consumption in 1961, but only about 20 percent in 2015. of the global total of 149 million tonnes in 2015, asia consumed more than two-thirds (106 million tonnes at 24.0 kg per capita). oceania and africa consumed the lowest share. the shift is the result of structural changes in the sector and in particular the growing role of asian countries in fish production, as well as a significant gap between the economic growth rates of the world's more mature fish markets and those of many increasingly important emerging markets around the world, particularly in asia.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fonio

Fonio is the term for two cultivated grasses in the genus digitaria that are notable crops in parts of west africa. they are millets with small grains.fonio is a nutritious food with a favorable taste. it is consumed mainly in west african countries, where it is also cultivated. the global fonio market was 673,000 tonnes in 2016. guinea annually produces the most fonio in the world, accounting for over 75% of the world's production in 2019. the name fonio (borrowed by english from french) is from wolof foño.in december 2018, the european commission approved commercialization of fonio as a novel food in the european union, after submission by the italian company obà food to manufacture and market new food products.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Fruit

Bananas, jujube, lemons, mango, plantains, watermelon

Main

Fufu

Fufu (or fufuo, foofoo, foufou) is a dough-like food found in west african cuisine. in addition to ghana, it is also found in sierra leone, guinea, liberia, cote d'ivoire, benin, togo, nigeria, cameroon, the democratic republic of congo, the central african republic, the republic of congo, angola and gabon. it is often made in the traditional ghanaian, ivorian, liberian, and cuban method of separately mixing and pounding equal portions of boiled cassava with green plantain or cocoyam, or by mixing cassava/plantains or cocoyam flour with water and stirring it on a stove. the viscosity is then adjusted based on personal preference and eaten with broth-like soups. some countries, particularly nigeria, have a version of fufu made from fermented cassava dough (called akpu by nigerians) that is eaten with thick textured stews. other flours, such as semolina, maize flour, or mashed plantains may take the place of cassava flour. fufu is eaten with the fingers, and a small ball of it can be dipped into an accompanying soup or sauce.

Main

Goat

Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (capra aegagrus hircus). the common name for goat meat is simply "goat", though meat from adult goats is referred to as chevon, while that from young goats can be called capretto (it.), cabrito (sp. and por.) or kid. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, mutton commonly means goat meat. in south asia, where mutton curry is popular, "mutton" is used for both goat and lamb meat. the culinary name "chevon", a blend of chèvre 'goat' and mouton 'sheep', was coined in 1922 and selected by a trade association; it was adopted by the united states department of agriculture in 1928.: 19  according to market research, consumers in the united states prefer "chevon" to "goat" "cabrito", a word of spanish and portuguese origin, refers specifically to the meat of a young, milk-fed goat. it is also known as chivo.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Gombo

Okra or okro (us: , uk: ), abelmoschus esculentus, known in many english-speaking countries as ladies' fingers or ochro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. it has edible green seed pods. the geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of west african, ethiopian, southeast asian, and south asian origins. the plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world and is a notable part of the cuisine of the southern united states as well as middle eastern cuisine, indian cuisine, brazilian cuisine and sri lankan cuisine.

Main

Gombo

Okra or okro (us: , uk: ), abelmoschus esculentus, known in many english-speaking countries as ladies' fingers or ochro, is a flowering plant in the mallow family. it has edible green seed pods. the geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of west african, ethiopian, southeast asian, and south asian origins. the plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world and is a notable part of the cuisine of the southern united states as well as middle eastern cuisine, indian cuisine, brazilian cuisine and sri lankan cuisine.

Main

Grilled meat

Grilling is a form of cooking that involves dry heat applied to the surface of food, commonly from above, below or from the side. grilling usually involves a significant amount of direct, radiant heat, and tends to be used for cooking meat and vegetables quickly. food to be grilled is cooked on a grill (an open wire grid such as a gridiron with a heat source above or below), using a cast iron/frying pan, or a grill pan (similar to a frying pan, but with raised ridges to mimic the wires of an open grill). heat transfer to the food when using a grill is primarily through thermal radiation. heat transfer when using a grill pan or griddle is by direct conduction. in the united states, when the heat source for grilling comes from above, grilling is called broiling. in this case, the pan that holds the food is called a broiler pan, and heat transfer is through thermal radiation. direct heat grilling can expose food to temperatures often in excess of 260 °c (500 °f). grilled meat acquires a distinctive roast aroma and flavor from a chemical process called the maillard reaction. the maillard reaction only occurs when foods reach temperatures in excess of 155 °c (310 °f).studies have shown that cooking beef, pork, poultry, and fish at high temperatures can lead to the formation of heterocyclic amines, benzopyrenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are carcinogens.marination may reduce the formation of these compounds. grilling is often presented as a healthy alternative to cooking with oils, although the fat and juices lost by grilling can contribute to drier food.

Drink

Guava juice

Guava () is a common tropical fruit cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. the common guava psidium guajava (lemon guava, apple guava) is a small tree in the myrtle family (myrtaceae), native to mexico, central america, the caribbean and northern south america. the name guava is also given to some other species in the genus psidium such as strawberry guava (psidium cattleyanum) and to the pineapple guava, feijoa sellowiana. in 2019, 55 million tonnes of guavas were produced worldwide, led by india with 45% of the total. botanically, guavas are berries.

Dessert, Sweet

Halva

Halva (also halvah, halwa, and other spellings) is a type of confectionery originating from persia and widely spread throughout the middle east. the name is used for a broad variety of recipes, generally a thick paste based on flour or semolina, finely ground seeds or nuts, and sweetened with sugar or honey.halva is popular in western, central and south asia, the balkans, the caucasus, eastern europe, north africa and the horn of africa. halva can be kept at room temperature during non-summer months with little risk of spoilage.

Drink

Hibiscus drink

Drink

Jinjinbere

Ginger and lemon drink

Main

Jollof rice

Jollof (), or jollof rice, is a rice dish from west africa. the dish is typically made with long-grain rice, tomatoes, onions, spices, vegetables and meat in a single pot, although its ingredients and preparation methods vary across different regions.

Main

Kati kati

Grilled chicken, serve with njama njama, fufu

Main

Katta

Pasta shaped into thin, short threads

Main

Kefta

Kofta are a family of meatball or meatloaf dishes found in middle eastern, south caucasian, south asian, balkan, and central asian cuisines. in the simplest form, koftas consist of balls of minced meat – usually beef, chicken, pork, lamb or mutton, or a mixture – mixed with spices and sometimes other ingredients. the earliest known recipes are found in early arab cookbooks and call for ground lamb. there are many national and regional variations. there are also vegetable and uncooked versions. shapes vary and include balls, patties, and cylinders. sizes typically vary from that of a golf ball to that of an orange.

Drink

Kinkeliba

Hot beverage made from combretum micranthum, served plain or with sugar, milk

Main

Labadja

Rice and meat with a butter sauce

Main

La capitaine sangha

Nile perch in hot chili sauce, serve with fried bananas and rice

Main

Lamb

Lamb, hogget, and mutton, generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep, ovis aries. a sheep in its first year is a lamb and its meat is also lamb. the meat from sheep in their second year is hogget. older sheep meat is mutton. generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside norway, new zealand, south africa and australia. hogget has become more common in england, particularly in the north (lancashire and yorkshire) often in association with rare breed and organic farming. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, "mutton" often means goat meat. at various times and places, "mutton" or "goat mutton" has occasionally been used to mean goat meat.lamb is the most expensive of the three types and in recent decades sheep meat is increasingly only retailed as "lamb", sometimes stretching the accepted distinctions given above. the stronger-tasting mutton is now hard to find in many areas, despite the efforts of the mutton renaissance campaign in the uk. in australia, the term prime lamb is often used to refer to lambs raised for meat. other languages, for example french, spanish, italian and arabic, make similar or even more detailed distinctions among sheep meats by age and sometimes by sex and diet—for example, lechazo in spanish refers to meat from milk-fed (unweaned) lambs.

Main

Maafe

Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also called as maafe (wolof, mafé, maffé, maffe), sauce d'arachide (french), tigadèguèna or domoda, is a stew that is a staple food in western africa. it originates from the mandinka and bambara people of mali.the proper name for it in the mandinka language is domodah or tigadegena (lit. 'peanut butter sauce,' where tige is 'peanut,' dege is 'paste,' and na is 'sauce') in bamanankan.domodah is also used by gambians, having been borrowed from the mandinka language. in senegal domodah or domoda referts to flour-thickened soup or stew, which is different from mafe that uses peanut paste. it is a favorite dish among several senegal and gambia ethnic groups. with the huge expansion of groundnut cultivation during the colonial period, maafe has also become a popular dish across west africa, even outside west africa such as in cameroon and france. variants of the dish appear in the cuisine of nations throughout west africa and central africa. it is very similar to groundnut soup. it may have a thicker consistency. made from lamb, beef, chicken, or without meat, maafe is cooked with a sauce based on groundnuts, especially peanut butter/paste, and tomatoes. in ghana, groundnut stew is often accompanied with fufu.

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Massa

Fermented pancakes made with rice, millet, cornmeal

Main

Massa

Fermented pancakes made with rice, millet, cornmeal

Breakfast

Massa

Fermented pancakes made with rice, millet, cornmeal

Main

Méchoui

Méchoui (arabic: مشوي) or meshwi is a whole sheep or lamb spit-roasted on a barbecue in maghrebi cuisine. the word comes from the arabic word šawā (شواء, "grilling, roasting"). this dish is very popular in north africa.in algeria and morocco , the term méchoui "refers to the method of cooking a lamb or a sheep cooked whole on the spit". in tunisia, however, it applies to any piece of meat or fish grilled with embers.

Dessert, Sweet

Meni-meniyong

Sesame seed and honey bars

Drink

Milk

Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. it is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. immune factors and immune-modulating components in milk contribute to milk immunity. early-lactation milk, which is called colostrum, contains antibodies that strengthen the immune system, and thus reduces the risk of many diseases. milk contains many nutrients, including protein and lactose.the us cdc recommends that children over the age of 12 months should have two servings of dairy milk products a day.as an agricultural product, dairy milk is collected from farm animals. in 2011, dairy farms produced around 730 million tonnes (800 million short tons) of milk from 260 million dairy cows. india is the world's largest producer of milk and the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, but it exports few other milk products. because there is an ever-increasing demand for dairy products within india, it could eventually become a net importer of dairy products. new zealand, germany and the netherlands are the largest exporters of milk products.more than six billion people worldwide consume milk and milk products, and between 750 and 900 million people live in dairy-farming households.

Main

Millet

Millets () are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe paniceae, but some millets also belong to various other taxa. millets are important crops in the semiarid tropics of asia and africa (especially in india, mali, nigeria, and niger), with 97% of millet production in developing countries. this crop is favored due to its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature conditions. millets are indigenous to many parts of the world. the most widely grown millets are sorghum and pearl millets, which are important crops in india and parts of africa. finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species. millets may have been consumed by humans for about 7,000 years and potentially had "a pivotal role in the rise of multi-crop agriculture and settled farming societies."

Drink

Mougoudji

Millet beverage, may be enriched with fruit juice

Main

Mutton

Lamb, hogget, and mutton, generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep, ovis aries. a sheep in its first year is a lamb and its meat is also lamb. the meat from sheep in their second year is hogget. older sheep meat is mutton. generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside norway, new zealand, south africa and australia. hogget has become more common in england, particularly in the north (lancashire and yorkshire) often in association with rare breed and organic farming. in south asian and caribbean cuisine, "mutton" often means goat meat. at various times and places, "mutton" or "goat mutton" has occasionally been used to mean goat meat.lamb is the most expensive of the three types and in recent decades sheep meat is increasingly only retailed as "lamb", sometimes stretching the accepted distinctions given above. the stronger-tasting mutton is now hard to find in many areas, despite the efforts of the mutton renaissance campaign in the uk. in australia, the term prime lamb is often used to refer to lambs raised for meat. other languages, for example french, spanish, italian and arabic, make similar or even more detailed distinctions among sheep meats by age and sometimes by sex and diet—for example, lechazo in spanish refers to meat from milk-fed (unweaned) lambs.

Main

Okra and bean stew

Dessert, Sweet

Peanut butter confections

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Peanuts

The peanut (arachis hypogaea) also known as the groundnut, goober (us), pindar (us) or monkey nut (uk), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. it is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. it is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. world annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by china with 38% of the world total. atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. with this characteristic in mind, the botanist carl linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth". the peanut belongs to the botanical family fabaceae (or leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. the capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in western cuisines. the botanical definition of a nut is "a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity". using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut. however, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common english more generally.

Main

Peanut sauce

Peanut stew or groundnut stew, also called as maafe (wolof, mafé, maffé, maffe), sauce d'arachide (french), tigadèguèna or domoda, is a stew that is a staple food in western africa. it originates from the mandinka and bambara people of mali.the proper name for it in the mandinka language is domodah or tigadegena (lit. 'peanut butter sauce,' where tige is 'peanut,' dege is 'paste,' and na is 'sauce') in bamanankan.domodah is also used by gambians, having been borrowed from the mandinka language. in senegal domodah or domoda referts to flour-thickened soup or stew, which is different from mafe that uses peanut paste. it is a favorite dish among several senegal and gambia ethnic groups. with the huge expansion of groundnut cultivation during the colonial period, maafe has also become a popular dish across west africa, even outside west africa such as in cameroon and france. variants of the dish appear in the cuisine of nations throughout west africa and central africa. it is very similar to groundnut soup. it may have a thicker consistency. made from lamb, beef, chicken, or without meat, maafe is cooked with a sauce based on groundnuts, especially peanut butter/paste, and tomatoes. in ghana, groundnut stew is often accompanied with fufu.

Main

Pondu

Stewed cassava leaves with vegetables, meat, smoked fish

Main

Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa (asian rice) or less commonly oryza glaberrima (african rice). the name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera zizania and porteresia, both wild and domesticated, although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of oryza. as a cereal grain, domesticated rice is the most widely consumed staple food for over half of the world's human population, especially in asia and africa. it is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important food crop with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. there are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. the traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while, or after, setting the young seedlings. this simple method requires sound irrigation planning but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state, and deters vermin. while flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice, all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil. rice, a monocot, is normally grown as an annual plant, although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years. rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall, as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water. however, rice can be grown practically anywhere, even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems. although its parent species are native to asia and certain parts of africa, centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide. production and consumption of rice is estimated to have been responsible for 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.

Main

Riz gras

Riz gras is a meat- and rice-based dish in burkinabé cuisine, the cuisine of burkina faso, africa. it is also prepared in other african countries, such as senegal and guinea. it originated from the dish tiebou djen, a rice dish in senegalese cuisine that is prepared with significant amounts of fish and meat.riz gras is often served at parties in urban areas of burkina faso. riz gras is prepared with significant amounts of meat and vegetables, and is usually served atop rice. additional ingredients used include tomatoes, eggplant, bell peppers, carrots, cabbage, onion, garlic, meat or vegetable stock, oil and salt.

Main

Sauce feuille

Stewed greens, made with cassava leaves, potato leaves, baobab leaves, may also include vegetables, meat, seafood, serve with rice

Main

Sauce gombo

Stewed meat, seafood, okra

Main

Seafood stew

Stewed shrimp, fish, seafood

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Seeds

Seeds from gourds and melons

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Sinassa

Flatbread

Breakfast

Sombi

Coconut rice pudding

Drink

Sorrel drink

Roselle juice, known as bissap, wonjo, foléré, dabileni, tsobo, zobo, or sobolo in parts of africa, sorrel in the caribbean, and agua de jamaica in mexico, is a drink made out of the flowers of the roselle plant, a variety of hibiscus. although generally the "juice" is sweetened and chilled, it is technically an infusion and when served hot can also be referred to as hibiscus tea.

Main

Stewed fish

Main

Stewed greens

Stewed cassava leaves, kale, malakwang, blackjack, goosefoot, marogo, pigweed, purslane, thistle, sweet potato leaves, malanga, pumpkin leaves, njama njama, spinach

Main

Stewed greens

Stewed cassava leaves, kale, malakwang, blackjack, goosefoot, marogo, pigweed, purslane, thistle, sweet potato leaves, malanga, pumpkin leaves, njama njama, spinach

Main

Stewed meat

A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy. ingredients in a stew can include any combination of vegetables and may include meat, especially tougher meats suitable for slow-cooking, such as beef, pork, lamb, poultry, sausages, and seafood. while water can be used as the stew-cooking liquid, stock is also common. a small amount of red wine is sometimes added for flavour. seasoning and flavourings may also be added. stews are typically cooked at a relatively low temperature (simmered, not boiled), allowing flavours to mingle. stewing is suitable for the least tender cuts of meat that become tender and juicy with the slow moist heat method. this makes it popular in low-cost cooking. cuts having a certain amount of marbling and gelatinous connective tissue give moist, juicy stews, while lean meat may easily become dry. stews are thickened by reduction or with flour, either by coating pieces of meat with flour before searing, or by using a roux or beurre manié, a dough consisting of equal parts of fat and flour. thickeners like cornstarch, potato starch, or arrowroot may also be used. stews are similar to soups, and in some cases there may not be a clear distinction between the two. generally, stews have less liquid than soups, are much thicker and require longer cooking over low heat. while soups are almost always served in a bowl, stews may be thick enough to be served on a plate with the gravy as a sauce over the solid ingredients.

Main

Stewed vegetables

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Tadjala

Wheat bread traditionally cooked in the sand, serve with tea

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Takoula

Small bread rolls made up of several smaller pieces of dough, traditionally baked in mud ovens

Drink

Tamarind juice

Tamarind (tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is probably indigenous to tropical africa. the genus tamarindus is monotypic, meaning that it contains only this species. it belongs to the family fabaceae. the tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. the pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a metal polish. the tree's wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. tamarind's tender young leaves are used in indian and filipino cuisine. because tamarind has multiple uses, it is cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical zones.

Drink

Tea

Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to china, india and other east asian countries. tea is also rarely made from the leaves of camellia taliensis. after water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world. there are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.tea plants are native to east asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern china and northern burma. an early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century ad, in a medical text written by hua tuo. it was popularised as a recreational drink during the chinese tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other east asian countries. portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to europe during the 16th century. during the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the english, who started to plant tea on a large scale in india. the term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from camellia sinensis. they are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. these may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with tea made from the tea plant.

Breakfast

Thiakry

Thiakry (also spelled thiacry or chakery) or degue is a sweet millet couscous dish originating in senegal. the wheat or millet granules are mixed with milk, sweetened condensed milk, or yogurt, as well as dried fruit such as raisins, desiccated coconut, and spices such as nutmeg.

Dessert, Sweet

Thiakry

Thiakry (also spelled thiacry or chakery) or degue is a sweet millet couscous dish originating in senegal. the wheat or millet granules are mixed with milk, sweetened condensed milk, or yogurt, as well as dried fruit such as raisins, desiccated coconut, and spices such as nutmeg.

Main

Thieboudienne

Tiep or thieb is a traditional dish from senegal that is also consumed in guinea-bissau, guinea, mali, mauritania, and the gambia. it is the national dish in senegal. the version of tiep called thieboudienne or chebu jen (wolof: ceebu jën; french: thiéboudiène) is prepared with fish, rice and tomato sauce cooked in one pot. there are also tiep yappa (with meat) and tiep ganaar (with chicken). additional ingredients often include onions, carrots, cabbage, cassava, hot pepper, lime and peanut oil, and stock cubes. historically, tiep is commonly attributed to the city of saint-louis, in the nineteenth century. the name of the dish comes from wolof words meaning 'rice' (ceeb) and 'fish' (jën). in pulaar it is known as maaro e liddi ('rice and fish'). it is served on large trays with the rice on the bottom and the fish, usually white grouper (epinephelus aeneus), and the vegetables, many of them whole, placed in the center. tiep bears a strong resemblance—in ingredients, presentation, and significance—to maghrebi couscous. traditionally it is eaten in a large communal dish with the hand. it is also the symbol of senegalese terranga (hospitality): family, visiting friends and guests gather around a single dish (called a bolus) from which everyone eats using a spoon (couddou pulaar) or a piece of bread. the popular west african dish known as jollof is thought to have originated from the thieboudienne, but is usually made with meat rather than fish, and the rice is mixed into the other ingredients.the gullah dish red rice resembles thieboudienne, suggesting a creolization of foodways from west africa in the new world by enslaved africans and their descendants. like thieboudienne, there are regional variations of red rice throughout the gullah/geechee cultural heritage corridor, including savannah red rice and charleston red rice.

Main

Tiguadege na

Meat in peanut sauce or stew

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Vegetables

Cassava, cowpeas, eggplant, okra, onions, potatoes, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, yams

Side, Snack, Appetizer

Widjila

Steamed dumpling, serve with meat and vegetables stews

Main

Yassa

Yassa is a spicy dish prepared with onions and either marinated poultry or marinated fish. originally from senegal, yassa has become popular throughout west africa. chicken yassa (known as yassa au poulet), prepared with onions, lemon or mustard, is a specialty from the casamance region in the south of senegal. other meats used for yassa are lamb and fish.